Mech-HT 120 Lect-03 Mech Approach

Chapter 3 The Mechanical Application Approach
ANSYS Mechanical Heat Transfer
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
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August 2009 Inventory #002667
Mechanical Application Approach
Chapter Contents
Mechanical Application Approach: A. Workbench Review B. Engineering Data C. Preprocessing in Mechanical D. Thermal Boundary Conditions E. Functional Boundary Conditions F. Solution Setup G. Workshop
Training Manual
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A. Workbench Review
Launched from the Start menu
Training Manual
Recall that there are two ways of starting the Mechanical application:
or from a supported CAD system
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. . . Workbench Review
Training Manual
The Workbench project schematic is a graphical representation of the workflow defining a system or group of systems From the toolbox the selection can be dragged and dropped onto the schematic or simply double clicked
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Training Manual
By dropping applications and/or systems into various locations in the schematic, an overall analysis project is defined Connectors indicate the level of data exchange between systems In the example below a structural system is dragged and dropped onto a thermal system at the Model cell (A4) Before completing the operation notice there are a number of optional drop targets that will provide various types of linkage between systems (continued next page)
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Training Manual
By dropping the structural system at the Solution level we obtain a structural system that is coupled to the thermal solution
Notice, the Candidate Drop Target Indicates Data Will Be Shared From Fields A2 to A4, and Transferred from A6
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The Units menu in Workbench:
Allows access to predefined unit systems Allows the creation of custom unit systems Controls unit display for Engineering Data, Parameters and Charts Activate the Units System dialog to control
Training Manual
Units can be Displayed in the Active Project System or as They were Defined in Their Source (e.g. CAD System)
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B. Engineering Data
Training Manual
The Engineering Data application provides overall control for material properties
Engineering data can be opened stand alone (as a precursor to starting a project for example)
To Open the Engineering Data Standalone, Add from the Component Systems in the Toolbox (Drag/Drop or Double Click), Then RMB > Edit or Double Click
To Edit the Engineering Data in an Existing Project RMB > Edit or Double Click
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. . . Engineering Data
Training Manual
The Engineering Data application is displayed below. Individual controls and components are described next
Outline Filter Toolbox Outline of Filtered Materials
Properties for Material Selected Below
Properties of Material Selected Above
Property Chart
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Training Manual
The window interaction provides cascading data presentation To view or modify materials one generally follows a work flow shown here:
data source > material > individual property

Display Property in Tabular and Graphical Format Choose Data Source (Library)
Choose Material
Choose Property
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Outline Filter
The Engineering Data field represents the list of materials which have been imported for use in the current project. Check box allows library to be unlocked for editing.
Training Manual
A list of available material libraries is displayed. These may be ANSYS supplied or user defined.
Favorites are materials which will be available in every project without the need to import from a library.
Browse for existing libraries or choose new library location.
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To add a material from a library:
Highlight the data source (library) in the outline filter from which you wish to import the material Locate the material in the outline and click the + next to it to add it to the projects Engineering Data
Training Manual
If you now highlight the projects Engineering Data you will see the new material is included
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Units menu in Engineering Data:
You may choose to display Values as Defined or Values in Project Units As Defined units are controlled individually
Training Manual
Project Units are Taken From the Current Units Menu Selection
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C. Preprocessing in Mechanical
In a Mechanical model individual parts are assigned different material properties in the Details for each part
Training Manual
In assembly models contact regions are used to relate heat transfer from one body to another
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. . . Preprocessing in Mechanical
Training Manual
If parts are in contact heat transfer can occur between them. If parts are out of contact no heat transfer takes place (see pinball explanation below). Summary:
Contact Type Bonded No Separation Rough Frictionless Frictional Heat Transfer Between Parts in Contact Region? Initially Touching Inside Pinball Region Outside Pinball Region Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No
For Bonded and No Separation contact the pinball region determines when contact occurs and is automatically defined and set to a relatively small value to accommodate small gaps in the model. Remember, thermal contact involves no status changes. The initial status of the contact controls heat transfer throughout the solution.
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If the contact is bonded or no separation, then heat transfer will occur (solid green lines) when the surfaces are within the pinball radius
Training Manual
Pinball Radius
In this Figure on the Right, the Gap Between the Two Parts is Bigger Than the Pinball Region, So No Heat Transfer Will Occur Between the Parts
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. August 2009 Inventory #002667
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Training Manual
By default, perfect thermal contact conductance between parts is assumed, meaning no temperature drop occurs at the interface Numerous conditions can contribute to less than perfect contact conductance:
surface flatness surface finish oxides entrapped fluids contact pressure surface temperature use of conductive grease ....
T
T x
Continued . . .
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Training Manual
The amount of heat flow across a contact interface is defined by the contact heat flux q:
q = TCC (Ttarget Tcontact )
where Tcontact is the temperature of the contact surface and Ttarget is the temperature of the corresponding target surface
By default, TCC is set to a relatively high value based on the largest material conductivity defined in the model KXX and the diagonal of the overall geometry bounding box ASMDIAG
TCC = KXX 10,000 / ASMDIAG

This essentially provides perfect conductance between parts
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Training Manual
Depending on license, users may define a thermal contact conductance value (TCC) for Pure Penalty or Augmented Lagrange Formulations
TCC is input for each contact region in the Details view If thermal contact resistance is known, invert this value and divide by the contacting area to obtain TCC value
Thermal Contact Conductance Can Be Input Which is the Same as Including Thermal Contact Resistance at a Contact Interface
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Spot welds provide discreet heat transfer points:
Spot welds are defined in the CAD software (currently only DesignModeler and Unigraphics)
Training Manual
T2
T1
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Training Manual
Mesh controls are accessed by highlighting the mesh branch and inserting the desired controls.
Note extensive discussion of mesh controls in Mechanical is in the Introductory course. Thermal applications requiring specific meshing considerations will be addressed later as needed.
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D. Thermal Boundary Conditions
Training Manual
As with other disciplines, thermal loads are applied by first highlighting the environment branch (here, Steady State Thermal) and scoping the loads to regions of the model
Select a Model Region then RMB to Apply a Load
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. . . Thermal Boundary Conditions

Temperature:
Training Manual
Imposes a temperature on vertices, edges, surfaces or bodies. Temperature is the degree of freedom which is solved for in Mechanical.
Heat Flow:
A heat flow rate can be applied to a vertex, edge, or surface. The load is distributed for multiple selections. Heat flow has units of energy/time.
Heat Flux:
Heat flux can be applied to surfaces (edges in 2D). Heat flux has units of energy/time/area.
A positive value for heat load will add energy to the system.
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Perfectly insulated (heat flow = 0):
Training Manual
Available to remove surfaces from previously applied boundary conditions
Internal Heat Generation:

An internal heat generation rate can be applied to bodies only Heat generation has units of energy/time/volume
Coupling:
Scoped to vertices, edges or faces Coupling temperatures constrains the calculated temperatures (results) to be the same for the entire scope of the coupling
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Convection:
Training Manual
Applied to surfaces (or edges in 2D analyses) Convection q is defined by a film coefficient h, the surface area A, and the difference in the surface temperature Tsurface & ambient temperature Tambient
q = hA(Tsurface Tambient )
h and Tambient are user input values The film coefficient h can be constant or temperature dependent
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Temperature-Dependent Convection:
Select Tabular (Temperature) for the coefficient type Enter coefficient vs temperature tablular data In the details, specify how temperature is to be handled for h(T)
Training Manual
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Training Manual
Several common convection correlations can be imported from a sample library. New correlations can be stored in libraries.
See Functional Boundary Conditions in the next section regarding creating, exporting and importing correlations.
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Radiation:
Applied to surfaces (edges in 2D analyses)
4 4 QR = FA Tsurface Tambient
Training Manual
Where:
= Stefan-Boltzman constant = Emmisivity A = Area of radiating surface F = Form factor (1)
Provides for radiation to ambient only, not between surfaces (form factor assumed to be 1) Stefan Boltzman constant is set automatically based on the active working unit system
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E. Non Constant Boundary Conditions
Training Manual
Magnitudes for heat loads can be defined as a constant, a table or a function in Mechanical
Tabular and functional definitions can be exported and imported for reuse Directional quantities can be defined in terms of local coordinate systems
Table/function loads may be defined in terms of time, temperature or spatial location (depending on the load type) Note: time is used for steady state multi-step and transient analyses
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. . . Non Constant Boundary Conditions
Training Manual
A tabular load is entered by changing the magnitude field to tabular

Depending on the Load, Several Table Options may be Available
Values are entered directly in the table (time and heat flow in the below case) The graph displays automatically
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Training Manual
Functional loads are specified similar to tables by entering a function in the magnitude field
Functions are defined in terms of primary variables:

Temperature (x, y, z, time) Convection, heat flux, heat flow, heat generation and radiation (time)
Functions are entered using standard algebraic entry: Examples (primary variables shown in red):
10 * time 12+.25 * x
Note: primary variables are case sensitive

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Supported Functions:
sin(x), cos(x), tan(x): trigonometric functions asin(x), acos(x), atan(x): arc functions pow(x,y): power of x to y sqrt(x): square root of x log(x): natural logarithm of x log10(x): common logarithm of x
Training Manual
Note: the units used in functional input are controlled by the working units and indicated in the details for the boundary condition
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The resolution of the interpolation used by function loads can be controlled by modifying the Number of Segments used for the function (default = 200) in the Graph Controls details When spatially varying functions are defined an additional range setting is available (min/max)
Training Manual
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Spatially varying temperature example:
A spatially varying temperature load is applied to the face shown using the function (100 + z) The z coordinates of the face range from 0 to 25 mm
Training Manual
The temperature load is set up using the function and controls shown here
Note the Table is Populated with the Function Values
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The temperature result shows the variation along the face where the load is applied
Training Manual
Following the solve, the variation in the applied temperature can be viewed as a contour on the scoped region
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A function that is to be reused in future analyses can be saved by exporting
Training Manual
The Function Load Can Now Be Imported and Used Again
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F. Solution Setup
In Mechanical the Analysis Settings are used to set the solution options for the analysis
Step Controls allow multi-step analyses to be setup for steady state or transient thermal analyses Solver Type allows Direct or Iterative solver selection (default = Program Controlled) Nonlinear Controls, discussed in chapter 5 Output Controls: allows selection of content and frequency of result storage Analysis Data Management: controls the content, location and units for the files created and stored Visibility: controls the content of the graph when viewing loads
Training Manual
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G. Results and Postprocessing

Various results are available for postprocessing:
Temperature Heat Flux Reaction Heat Flow Rate User defined results
Training Manual
In Mechanical, results are usually requested before solving, but they can be requested afterwards, too
A new solution is not required for retrieving output of a solved model
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. . . Results and Postprocessing

User defined results can be viewed and accessed from the Worksheet view of the Solution branch User defined results can be added from the Worksheet using the RMB option
Training Manual
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Temperature:
Temperature is a scalar quantity and has no direction associated with it
Training Manual
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Heat flux contour or vector plots are available:
Heat flux q is defined as:
Training Manual
q = KXX T
Total Heat Flux and Directional Heat Flux can be requested
The magnitude & direction can be plotted as vectors by activating vector mode
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Training Manual
Reaction heat flow rates are available for temperature, convection or radiation boundary conditions:
Reaction heat flow rate is requested by inserting a probe - OR Alternately users can drag and drop a boundary condition onto the Solution branch to retrieve the reaction
Select from Probe menu OR Drag and drop boundary condition
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Workshop 3 Thermal Contacts
ANSYS Mechanical Heat Transfer
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Mech-HT 120 Lect-03 Mech Approach

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Chapter 3 The Mechanical Application Approach

ANSYS Mechanical Heat Transfer

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

or from a supported CAD system

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

Outline Filter Toolbox Outline of Filtered Materials

Properties for Material Selected Below

Properties of Material Selected Above

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

data source > material > individual property

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

Browse for existing libraries or choose new library location.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

Mechanical Application Approach

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

q = TCC (Ttarget Tcontact )

TCC = KXX 10,000 / ASMDIAG

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

August 2009 Inventory #002667

Mechanical Application Approach