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World Heritage sites are prestigious heritage places which attract a large number of
national and international tourists. Although great assets and marketing tools, they are
also among the most vulnerable places, with many layers of history, archaeology,
architecture, landscape, nature and culture; most importantly, they are also living
communities. These sites are complex places, managed in most cases by an undefined
number of agencies at National, State and local levels. Coordination, joint conservation
and management planning and cooperative programme development, however, are
lacking in most instances. There is an urgent need to improve the interagency
collaboration for the better conservation and management of this national treasure to be
safeguarded for present and future generations.
In the last few years, the ASI, Indian Railways, the Ministry of Environment and Forest,
as well as different State government departments concerned with World Heritage site
issues have confronted many challenges and improved the situation of the Indian
Cultural World Heritage sites in various ways. Several Integrated Management Plans
have been prepared or are under preparation; visitor facilities and interpretation have
improved. The greatest challenges, however, still lie ahead. With an increased number
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of foreign and Indian tourists, the challenges of site protection, conservation and
management are also increasing. Base line studies need to be drawn up to evaluate the
best potentials for sustainable tourism at each site, including cultural, natural, and social
impact assessment and vulnerability analysis. Only then can tourism strategies be drawn
up to serve as guiding tools for both site managers and departments of tourism. They
will finally be able to collaborate and work towards a better utilization of the World
Heritage sites of India for tourism and other economic development, without creating a
danger to the archaeological, architectural, and landscape heritage, to nature and
culture, and the living traditions of the local population.
(ii)
A great number of the current World Heritage Sites In India are ASI monuments from
different historic periods. These sites are far from representing all relevant periods in
Indian history. They also do not reflect the typologies of heritage as defined in the World
Heritage Convention. To give a few examples:
Although being one of the most ancient urban civilizations, India does not have one city
on the World Heritage List. Other heritage types missing are, for example, cultural
landscapes, cultural routes (silk route, salt route, etc.), industrial monuments, and
many other categories.
India has been requested, together with all other State Parties, to develop a Tentative
List that is more representative of the time depth of Indian history, the diversity of its
cultures and cultural manifestations, and the typology of heritage places.
2. Background
The 2003 Periodic Report prepared by the Archaeological Survey of India highlighted
the state of protection, conservation, and management of the Indian World Heritage
sites. The Report indicated shortcomings and challenges for the years to come, including
the absence of Management Plans for most World Heritage sites, clear Boundaries and
Statements of Significance. It mentioned that "Master Plans and buffer zones are being
elaborated by the respective state governments", and spoke about "areas for
improvement" which included amongst others the "training programmes for site
managers". In the Report nine cultural World Heritage sites declared their intention to
change their boundaries (and thus the Core and Buffer zoning).
The 2006/7 Retrospective Inventory, prepared by the World Heritage Centre on each
State Party in order to get a clear picture of documentation submitted by the State Party
to the World Heritage Centre and its advisory body ICOMOS international, repeats these
observations and states the need for action.
Several key issues of Indian Cultural World Heritage Sites become apparent in the two
reports:
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Lack of clear boundaries (core and buffer zones) and well defined statements of
significance in many Sites
visitor facilities
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Constituency) emphasised the need for high quality interpretation to improve the visitor
experience at Hampi. Mr. Mani (Joint D.G, Archaeological Survey of India, Govt. of
India) recalled the many values of Hampi, its traditional value as Kishkinda kshetra, the
architectural glory from the Vijayanagara era and the natural beauty of the Tungabhadra
river; and stressed our collective duty to safeguard this site of global importance.
The Recommendations of the Hampi workshop expressing the issues and challenges
faced by the Site managers of the Indian World Heritage sites will be shared and
discussed with the decision makers in Bangalore on 21 June 2008.