2812 Idx

SYBEX Book Index
RHCE: Red Hat Certified Engineer

Exam Notes
Bill McCarty
Index
ISBN: 0-7821-2812-2
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owner.
Index

Note to Reader

: In this index,

boldfaced

page numbers refer to primary discussions of the topic;
page numbers in

italics

refer to figures.

Symbols & Numbers

%packages directive for kickstart install, 55
%post directive for kickstart install, 55

A

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP),

146147

adfs file system type, 149
adjtime file, 106
Advanced Power Management (APM), con-
figuration,

130

affs file system type, 149
AfterStep, 328, 329
AIDE, 291
aliases, /etc/conf.modules file to define, 195,
196
ALL keyword, 306307
Anacron program, 162,

167168

defined, 174
anacron runlevel script, 120
ang.sh file, 77
anonftp package, 245
anonymous access to FTP server, 245
a.out format, 208, 211
Apache-SSL, 230
Apache Web server,

228236

administration as user privilege, 65
basic configuration,

231234

exam essentials, 236
installation,

230231

market share, 230
procedures, 234235
troubleshooting, 235
APM (Advanced Power Management), con-
figuration,

130

apmd runlevel script, 120
apropos command, 166
arch/i386/boot/bzImage, 189
arch/i386/config.in file, 189
archiving user accounts, 67
ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), defined,
147
arp command,

146147

associated bootloader for operating systems,
36
async mount option, 151
atd runlevel script, 120
atime mount option, 151
auth directive for kickstart install, 54
authentication,

294302

configuration,

2830

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Pro-
tocol),

300301

NIS (Network Information Service),

295
297

PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module),

298300

specifying options during installation, 22
authenticity, verifying package, 94
auto mount option, 151
autofs runlevel script, 120
autofs service, 257

B

Base address field in ifconfig output, 142
.bash_logout file, 78
.bash_profile file, 78
.bashrc file, 78
Bcast field in ifconfig output, 142
BGP-4 (Border Gateway Protocol), 352, 353
/bin directory, 103,

104

BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Daemon),

237244

basic configuration,

238242

installation,

238

procedures, 242243
bind-devel package, 238
bind-listen-connect-accept process, 229
defined, 236
bind package, 238
bind-utils package components

371

bind-utils package, 238
BIOS, CD-ROM boot and, 5
boot arguments, 3738
defined, 42
boot disk creation, 24, 203
boot images
configuring for Linux,

30

configuring non-Linux,

31

default,

31

, 37
/boot/kernel.h header file, 119
boot LILO global parameter, 38
boot log,

180

Boot Manager (OS/2), 36
boot parameter, 217
/boot partition, 10, 103,

104105

kernel-related files,

187188

boot prompt, 37
defined, 42
boot.b file, 187
booting
Linuxconf to configure options,

31

media selection and preparation,

56

multi-boot configurations,

4347

specifying action in /etc/inittab file, 127
boot.ini file (Windows NT), 4445
bootloader
associated, 36
defined, 42
Linux as secondary, 37
bootnet.img image file, 221
for network install, 50
boot.

nnn

file, 187
BOOTP protocol, 273, 282
bootwait action, specifying in /etc/inittab file,
127
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP-4), 352, 353
browse master for SMB network, 261
defined, 268
build number, defined, 95
building kernel,

197205

boot disk creation, 203
boot driver ramdisk file creation, 202
commands, 201202
configuration options, 199201
default configuration recovery, 198
extraversion code definition, 198199
installing kernel and modules, 202
kernel source directory change, 198
LILO configuration revision, 203

C

C programming language, 206
caching-nameserver package, 238
caching-only DNS server, 238
canonical name, 240
defined, 243
capability, defined, 95
CD-ROM
booting from, 5
for rescue mode, 220221
cdrom directive for kickstart install, 54
chat-* script, 137
chfn command, 68,

70

Chkconfig, 133135
chmod command, 71, 288
chooser, 326
defined, 336
XDM configuration to provide,

332333

chroot command, 223
chsh command, 68,

7071

CIFS (Common Internet File System), 260
clear text passwords, 290
clearpart directive for kickstart install, 54
client.

See

X client
client configuration
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Pro-
tocol),

277278

NFS (Network File System),

256257

Samba,

265

ClockChip Configuration screen, in Xconfig-
urator, 321
CNAMES, 240
coda file system type, 149
Collisions field in ifconfig output, 142
command interpreter for user account, 63
changing, 7071
command line
group administration via,

73

prompt for root user, 287
user account administration via,

6871

Common Internet File System (CIFS), 260
Common Object Request Broker Architecture
(CORBA), 328
compiler, 206
defined, 211
completion status of runlevel script, 123
components, 23
defined, 25
Config menu (Linuxconf) dependency information

372

Config menu (Linuxconf)

Boot Mode

LILO

Change Default Boot Configuration,
31

Configure LILO Defaults, 30

Configure LILO Linux Configura-
tions, 30

Configure LILO Other OSs Config-
urations, 31

File Systems,

Set Quota Defaults,
156

Miscellaneous Services,

Initial
System Services, 132

Networking

Client Tasks

Basic Host Information, 32, 277

Name Server Specification, 33

Routing and Gateways

Set
Defaults, 33, 353,

354

Routing and Gateways

The
Routed Daemon, 355

Users Accounts, 62

Users Accounts

Normal,

Change
root Password, 29
config utility, 199
configuration files
examining during boot troubleshooting,

218

renaming during software install, 88
configuration options,

2634

.

See also

Linuxconf
authentication,

2830

boot options,

31

default boot image,

31

exam essentials, 33
LILO,

30

Linux boot images,

30

networking,

3233

non-Linux boot images,

31

console device file, 105
console login, /etc/inittab file to set, 330
COPS, 292
CORBA (Common Object Request Broker
Architecture), 328
cpp-

version

.i386.rpm package, 190
cpuinfo, 110
crack program, 288
cracker, recovery from, 292293
Cron program, 162,

163167

Crontab file format,

170173

daily jobs, 165167
exam essentials,

173

hourly jobs, 165
monthly jobs, 167
system Crontab,

164167

user Crontab files, editing,

169

weekly jobs, 167
Cron system, defined, 174
cron* subdirectory, 108
crond runlevel script, 120
crontab command, 169
Crontab file.

See also

/etc/crontab file
defined, 174
ctrlaltdel action, specifying in /etc/inittab file,
127
cua* device files, 105
Custom installation class, 19
custom kernel,

186187

packages to build, 188
Custom Monitor Setup screen, in Xconfigura-
tor, 320

D

daemons, user account for, 290
database, forcing reload for BIND, 243
date fields in crontab file, 171172
dd command, 6
default boot image, 37
configuration,

31

default gateway configuration, 33
default LILO global parameter, 38
defaults mount option, 151
Defrag (Microsoft), 11
delay LILO global parameter, 39
deleting
ARP entry for host, 147
groups, 73
packages,

89

services, 134
user accounts, 6667
userdel command for,

69

dependency
defined, 95
resolving, 87
dependency information
database module, 194
defined, 25
Desktop directory emergency parameter when booting

373

in packages, 83
Desktop directory, 78
desktop environments (X),

327330

desktop manager (X), 313, 326
defined, 325, 336
GNOME environment,

328

KDE environment,

329

switching,

333334

desktop systems, Anacron program for sched-
uling jobs,

167168

/dev directory, 103,

105

dev mount option, 151
dev86-

version

developmental kernel, defined, 204
developmental release, 185
device drivers, system boot log to trouble-
shoot, 180
device ethernet directive for kickstart install,
54
device files, 105
creating, 223
defined, 113
device scsi directive for kickstart install, 54
devices file, 110
devpts file system type, 149
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Proto-
col),

273278

, 282
client configuration,

277278

configuration,

275277

installation,

274275

for obtaining network configuration, 21
dhcp package, 274
dialog boxes, scripts for input during install,

5157

directories
locating for file, 166
partition structure for, 910
setgid, 288289
for shared libraries, 208
Disk Druid, 19
disk space quotas, 148,

152153

implementing,

153160

setting default,

156157

setting for group, 158
setting for multiple users, 159
setting for user,

157

setting grace period, 158159
turning on and off, 159160
viewing reports,

160

DISPLAY environment variable, 339340
display manager (X), 327
defined, 336
selecting, 332
distance-vector routing protocol, 352
defined, 356
dma, 110
dmesg command, 180
DNS (Domain Name Service), 237.

See also

BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Daemon)
disabling, 33
DNS server, 49
caching-only, 238
documentation, Apache, 231
domainname command, 295
dosutils/autoboot.bat file, 5
dumpe2fs command, 222
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP),

273278

, 282
client configuration,

277278

configuration,

275277

installation,

274275

for obtaining network configuration, 21
dynamic library files, 208
determining those needed,

210

dynamic linking, defined, 211
dynamic loader, 207
defined, 211
dynamic routing, 345,

352353

defined, 356
disabling,

355

dynamically linked programs, 207

E

e-mail alias for user account, 64
e-mail to send Cron job output, 170171
e2fsck command,

222

EDITOR environment variable, 169
edquota command, 152, 157, 158
egcs-

version

election of SMB browse master, 261
defined, 268
ELF (executable and linking format), 208
defined, 211
emergency parameter when booting, 217
encrypted passwords in Samba /etc/sysconfig/soundcard file

374

encrypted passwords in Samba, 266
Enlightenment window manager, 328, 329
environment variable, MAILTO, 170171
environment variables, 37
DISPLAY, 339340
EDITOR, 169
LD_LIBRARY_PATH, 211
PATH, 217
error messages
after failed boot, 216
from insufficient disk space when install-
ing software, 88
LILO,

40

from system initialization scripts, 117
esd (Gnome sound manager), 132
esddsp wrapper, 132
/etc/aliases file, 250
/etc/anacrontab file, 168
/etc/bashrc file, 77
/etc/conf.modules file, 131,

195197

/etc/cron.allow file, 163
/etc/cron.d directory, 163, 165
/etc/cron.d/kmod cron jobs,

192193

/etc/cron.daily/logrotate job, 180
/etc/cron.daily/tmpwatch script, 167
/etc/cron.deny file, 163
/etc/cron.hourly directory, 165
/etc/crontab file, 163,

164167

format,

170173

command lines, 171173
environment settings, 170171
/etc/dhcpd.conf file, 275276
setup for kickstart install, 56
/etc directory, 103,

106108

/etc/exports file, 49, 255
/etc/fstab file, 148149
disk quota information in, 152, 154155
to mount NFS share, 257
/etc/ftpaccess file, 245, 246
/etc/ftphosts file, 246
/etc/ftpusers file, 246
/etc/group file, 7172
editing to change group membership, 73
/etc/hosts.allow file, 305,

306307

twist directive in,

308

/etc/hosts.deny file, 305,

307

twist directive in,

308309

/etc/hosts.equiv file, 278
/etc/hosts.lpd file, 278
/etc/httpd/conf director, Apache configura-
tion files, 231
/etc/inetd.conf file, 27, 230, 304305
comment lines, 304
for POP and IMAP services, 251
removing unneeded services, 290291
/etc/inittab file,

125128

console or X login, 330
/etc/isapnp.conf file, 131
/etc/issue file, 124
/etc/issue.net file, 125, 291
/etc/ld.so.cache file, 210
/etc/ld.so.conf file, 209210
/etc/lilo.conf file, 38
revising to boot new kernel, 203
/etc/logrotate.conf file, 180
/etc/named.conf file, 238, 239240
/etc/nsswitch.conf file, 295, 296
NIS maps, 297
/etc/passwd file, 290
to define user accounts, 6061
/etc/printcap file, 279
/etc/profile file, 77, 289
/etc/profile.d directory, 77
/etc/rc.d/init.d/netfs script, 256
/etc/rc.d/init.d/network script, 137138
/etc/rc.d/init.d/pcmcia script, 130
/etc/rc.d/init.d/syslog script, 175
/etc/rc.d/rc script, 116, 117,

119124

operation of, 124
/etc/rc.d/rc?.d script
removing unneeded services, 290291
symbolic links in, 123
/etc/rc.d/rc.firewall script, 367
/etc/rc.d/rc.local script, 124125
/etc/rc.d/rc.serial script, 116, 118
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script, 116, 117119, 194
/etc/sendmail.cf file, 250
/etc/sendmail.cw file, 250
/etc/services file, 228
/etc/shadow file, 29
/etc/skel directory, and user account creation,
78
/etc/smb.conf file, 262, 267
/etc/sysconfig/apm file, 130
/etc/sysconfig directory, 129130
/etc/sysconfig/network script, 117, 140
/etc/sysconfig/pcmcia file, 130
/etc/sysconfig/soundcard file, 131
/etc/sysctl.conf file Global Knowledge 375
/etc/sysctl.conf file, 353354
/etc/syslog.conf file, 177
/etc/X11 directory, 313
/etc/X11/xf86config file, FontPath directive,
334
EXCEPT keyword, 307
exec mount option, 151
executable and linking format (ELF), 208
defined, 211
expert mode for Xconfigurator, 319
expert mode installation, 16
Expiration date parameter, for user account,
64
exports file, 107
ext2 file system type, 150
exterior routing protocols, 352
defined, 356
extraversion code, 186, 204
defining, 198199
F
fd* device files, 105
fdisk command, xxi, 19, 221222
fdprm file, 106
file ownership, Red Hat Manager to
determine, 91
file system configuration, 148161
disk space quotas, 152153
/etc/fstab file to describe, 148149
mount options, 151152
File System Hierarchy Standard, 102103
file system navigation, 102113
root directory (/), 102, 103104. See also
root directory (/)
file systems
mount point for temporarily mounted,
109
recovering corrupted, 222
files
determining package ownership, 94
listing for installed package, 9192
filesystems, 110
finger, 291
Fips, 1011
firewall, 358368, 359
defined, 368
IPChains, 361366
saving and restoring rules, 367
masquerading, 360
IPChains to implement, 366367
floppy disk
booting from, 56
for booting MS-DOS, 11
font server (X)
accessing remote, 334335
defined, 336
formatting partitions, 20
forward zone file, 238, 240241, 243
forwarders statement, in /etc/named.conf file,
239
forwarding, 344
defined, 356
FQDN (fully qualified domain name), 32
freetype package, 317
fstab file, 106
FTP server, 244247
access levels, 245
basic configuration, 245246
installation, 245
installing Linux from, 4950
installing package from, 8687
security risks, 290
ftp* files, 107
Full name for user account, 63
fully qualified domain name (FQDN), 32
FVWM window manager, 328, 329
G
gated daemon, 352
gateway, configuring default, 33
GDM display manager, 327
gecos information, 68
gettydefs file, 106
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program),
328
glib10 package, 322
glibc-devel-version.i386.rpm package, 190
global directives for Samba, 263
Global Knowledge, xiii, xiv
global network configuration information ifdhcp-done script 376
global network configuration information,
140
GNOME environment, 327
desktop manager, 328
GNOME Workstation class, 17
GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP),
328
GNU Privacy Guard (GPG), 94
Gog&Magog, 292
GPG (GNU Privacy Guard), 94
gpm runlevel script, 120
grace period
defined, 161
for disk space quota soft limits, 153
graphic mode installation procedure, 1314,
16
grep command, to find log messages, 177
group file, 107
group for user account, 63
group ID, 72, 73
in /etc/passwd file, 61
group quota. See also disk space quotas
defined, 161
groupadd command, 73
groupdel command, 73
groupmod command, 73
groups, 60
command line to administer, 73
creating, 7273
setting disk space quota for, 158
Userconf tool to administer, 7173
gtk+ package, 317
guest access, to FTP server, 245
H
halt runlevel script, 120
hard disk
error message from insufficient, 88
partitions, 912
during installation, 1920
workstation class space requirements, 17
hard limits
defined, 161
for disk space quotas, 153
hardware addresses, IP address mapping to,
146147
hardware, configuration of special, 129132
Harvest Cache, 280
hd* device files, 105
hfs file system type, 150
hidden files, in /etc/skel directory, 78
hint file, 239
/home directory, 104, 109
home directory
for user account, 63
for user in Samba, 264
horizontal sync rate, 320
defined, 325
host, access control, 303309
host-based security, 337
defined, 341
host name, 32
resolution, 49, 237244
"host unreachable" message, 353
host.conf file, 107
hosts allow directive, 263
hosts file, 107
hosts.allow file, 107
hosts.deny file, 107
hosts.equiv file, 108
hpfs file system type, 150
HTTP server
caching data, 280
httpd runlevel script, 120
httpd subdirectory, 108
httpd.conf file for Apache, 231232
global environment section, 232
main configuration, 232233
virtual host configuration, 233234
Hwaddr field in ifconfig output, 142
I
IBM Global Services, xiii, xiv
IceWM, 328
identd, 291
idle modules, unloading, 192193
ifcfg-* scripts, 137, 138140
ifconfig command, 141143
to add and drop network interfaces, 143
144
rebooting and changes from, 144
ifdhcp-done script, 138
ifdown-* script IPChains firewall 377
ifdown-* script, 138, 139
ifdown-post script, 138
ifup-* script, 138, 139
ifup-aliases script, 138
ifup-post script, 138
ifup-routes script, 138
image file
copying from CD to floppy, 6
defined, 7
for network install, 50
image LILO parameter, 39
IMAP (Interim Mail Access Protocol), 248
configuration, 251
imap package, 250
Individual Package Selection screen, 23
Inet addr field in ifconfig output, 142
inet runlevel script, 120
inetd service, 229230, 303305
FTP server as, 247
inetd.conf file, 108
information gathering for installation, 34
init command, 132
init process, 125128
init.d script, 133134
initdefault action, specifying in /etc/inittab
file, 127
initrd file, 187
inittab file, 107
inn package, 279
insmod command, 194
install directive for kickstart install, 54
install LILO global parameter, 39
install lines, in /etc/conf.modules file, 196
installation
Apache Web server, 230231
238
tocol), 274275
FTP server, 245
kernel and modules, 202
modules, 202
NFS (Network File System), 254255
quota package, 154
Samba, 262
Sendmail, 250
of software. See Red Hat Manager (RPM)
X Window system, 314317
installation class, defined, 25
installation preparation, 28
boot media selection and preparation, 56
exam essentials, 7
information gathering, 34
needs assessment, 2
selecting media, 7
installation process for Linux, 1326
authentication options, 22
boot to start, 1516
consoles and message logs, 15
exam essential, 25
keyboard, 16
kickstart install, 5157
language, 16
LILO configuration, 21
media selection, 17
mode, 16
mouse configuration, 1617
network configuration, 2122
package installation, 24
package selection, 2223
partitioning, 1920
path, 1719
process completion, 25
time zone setting, 22
types, 13
user account creation, 22
using network, 4850
exam essentials, 50
X Window configuration, 2324
installation type, defined, 26
Interim Mail Access Protocol (IMAP), 248
configuration, 251
interior routing protocols, 352
defined, 356
Intermediate System to Intermediate System
(IS-IS), 352, 353
Internet Information Server, 230
Interrupt field in ifconfig output, 142
interrupts file, 110
intruders, recovery from, 292293
ioports, 110
IP address
resolution to host name, 237244
for TCP/IP service, 229
IP forwarding, enabling, 353354
IPChains firewall, 303, 358, 361362
commands, 363
ipchains-restore command LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable 378
rules, 365366
targets, 364
ipchains-restore command, 367
ipchains-save command, 367
ipfwadm facility, 358
IPX, 278
ipxutils package, 278
IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate
System), 352, 353
ISA interface cards, 131
isapnp command, 131
iso9660 file system type, 150
J
job scheduling, 162174
Cron program, 163167
K
kbdconfig, 27
kbrequest action, specifying in /etc/inittab file,
127
kcore, 110
KDE environment, 327
.kde file, 78
KDE Workstation class, 17
kde.csh file, 77
.kderc file, 78
kde.sh file, 77
KDM display manager, 327
keep line, in /etc/conf.modules file, 197
kernel, 184205
boot messages, 180
building, 197203
configuration for quotas, 154
configuration for routing, 347352
custom, 186187
packages to build, 188
modules, 191
configuration, 195197
dependency database update, 194
listing loaded, 192
loading, 193194
unloading idle, 192193
recompiling, boot sector install after, 46
related files, 187191
boot files, 187188
kernel source, 188190
utilities needed to build, 190191
routing table report, 144145
support for firewall, 359
support for masquerading, 360
versions, 185186
determining, 192
kernel messages, 175
kernel packet path, 361
kernel-pcmcia-cs package, 188
kernel ring buffer, 180
key in NIS map, 295
defined, 302
keyboard in Xconfigurator, 319
keyboard us directive for kickstart install, 54
keymap, 117
keytable runlevel script, 120
kickstart install, 5157
directives, 5455
server setup, 56
kickstart mode for Xconfigurator, 318
killall runlevel script, 120
Klogd process, 175
kmod thread, 191
kmsg, 110
knfsd-clients package, 254
knfsd package, 254
ks command, 57
ks.cfg script, 5152
editing, 53
redirecting mkkickstart output to, 52
ksyms, 110
Ksysv, 133
kudzu runlevel script, 120
KWM window manager, 329
L
label LILO parameter, 39
lang us directive for kickstart install, 54
language, for installation instructions, 16
laptop computers, configuration for X, 322
LBA (linear block addressing), 21
LD_LIBRARY_PATH environment variable,
211
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) make mrproper command 379
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Proto-
col), 300301
defined, 302
ldconfig command, 210
ldd command, 210
ld.so.conf file, 107
leases in DHCP, 276277
/lib directory, 103, 109
/lib/modules/version directory, 191
libraries, 206
defined, 212
locating, 94
shared, 208209
specifying paths, 211
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
(LDAP), 300301
defined, 302
LILO
boot image parameters, 39
configuration, 3642
exam essentials, 41
configuration file, 3839
error messages, 40
global parameters, 3839
Linuxconf to configure, 30
lilo command, 223
LILO Configuration screen, 21
lilo directive for kickstart install, 54
LILO map installer, 38
lilo.conf file, 107
linear block addressing (LBA), 21
link encap field in ifconfig output, 142
link-state routing protocols, 352
defined, 356
linker, 207
defined, 212
Linux boot images, configuration, 30
Linux Kernel Archive Web site, 185
Linux linker, 208
Linux loader. See LILO
Linuxconf, 2728
to access Userconf, 62
to change root password, 2930
to configure boot options, 31
to configure LILO, 30
to configure networking options, 3233,
139140
to configure Sendmail, 250
to set default disk quotas, 156157
to use route command, 345
as user privilege, 64
linuxconf runlevel script, 121
Loadable Module support, 201
loadavg, 110
loader
Loadlin program, 5
defined, 8
LOCAL keyword, 306
local runlevel script, 121
locate command, 166
locate job, 166
locking files, by NFS client, 257
log rotation, defined, 181
login, files executed for BASH during, 77
login name parameter for user account, 63
logon server, Samba as, 265
logrotate job, 165
logs. See also system logs
boot log, 180
monitoring, 181
rotation, 180181
Logwatch, 181
/lost+found directory, 104, 109
lp* device files, 105
LPD, 278279
lpd runlevel script, 121
lsmod command, 192
M
MAC addresses, IP address mapping to, 146
147
machine language, 206
defined, 212
mail clients, 249
Mail Exchange (MX) information, from
DNS, 249
Mail to Fax manager, configuration as user
privilege, 65
Mail Transfer Agent (MTA), 248
MAILTO environment variable, 170171
major versions of kernel, 185
defined, 204
make command, 199, 201202
make mrproper command, 198
make-version.i386.rpm package netstat command 380
make-version.i386.rpm package, 190
makedbm program, 296
makewhatis job, 165166
map LILO global parameter, 39
maps for NIS, 295, 297
defined, 302
mars-nwe package, 278
Mask field in ifconfig output, 142
masqueraded network, 360, 360
connections to hosts outside, 145146
defined, 368
IPChains to implement, 366367
master boot record (MBR), LILO installation
on, 21, 36
master browser for SMB network, 261
master DNS, 239
MBR (master boot record), LILO installation
on, 21
mc.csh file, 77
mc.sh file, 77
md* device files, 105
meminfo, 110
menuconfig utility, 199200
message logs, 15. See also system logs
Message of the day, user access to changing,
65
messages. See error messages
Metric field in ifconfig output, 142
minix file system type, 150
minor versions of kernel, 185
defined, 204
mkbootdisk command, 203
mkinitrd command, 202
mkkickstart program, 52
mknod command, 223
mkpasswd command, 74
/mnt directory, 104, 109
mode. See also single-user mode
rescue, 220226
modprobe command, 193194
modular kernel, 186187
defined, 204
modules, 110, 187, 191
defined, 204
dependency database update, 194
installing, 202
listing loaded, 192
loading, 193194
unloading idle, 192193
Monitor Setup screen in Xconfigurator,
319320
monolithic kernel, 186
defined, 205
motd file, 107
Motif library, 207
mount command, 256
mount points, 103
directories used as, 10
for partition, 19
for temporarily mounted file systems, 109
mounting, 148
Red Hat installation CD-ROM, 6
mouse configuration, in XF86Setup, 323
mouse genericps/2 directive for kickstart
install, 54
mouse-less installation procedure, 14
mouseconfig, 27
MS-DOS, booting from, 5
msdos file system type, 150
MTA (Mail Transfer Agent), 248
mtab file, 107
mtools.conf file, 107
MTU field in ifconfig output, 142
multi-boot configurations, 4347
exam essentials, 47
with Windows 9x, 44
with Windows NT, 4447
multi-homing for Apache, 233234
N
named runlevel script, 121
names of package files, 83
nameservers, configuration, 33
NAT (Network Address Translation), 366
367
ncpfs file system type, 150
ncurses-devel-version.i386.rpm package, 190
ncurses-version.i386.rpm package, 190
net, 110
net-tools package, route command, 345
NetBIOS, 261
Netcraft survey, 230
netfs runlevel script, 121
netlogon share for Samba, 265
netstat command, 144146, 291
network nmblookup command 381
network
configuration, 2122
installing Linux via, image file for, 6
Linuxconf to configure options, 3233
network adapters, configuration, 32
Network Address Translation (NAT), 366
367
network directive for kickstart install, 5455
Network Information Service (NIS), 295297
defined, 302
network install, 4850
exam essentials, 50
network mode, change as user privilege, 64
Network Neighborhood, 261
Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP),
279, 282
network runlevel script, 121
network services
installation, 230231
procedures, 234235
troubleshooting, 235
237244
installation, 238
procedures, 242243
tocol), 273278
client configuration, 277278
FTP server, 244247
access levels, 245
installation, 245
IPX, 278
LPD, 278279
procedures, 257258
server configuration, 255256
NNTP (Network News Transfer Proto-
col), 279
Samba, 260268
advanced server configuration, 266
client configuration and use, 265
installation, 262
procedures, 266268
service directives, 263265
Sendmail, 248253
features, 249
installation, 250
procedures, 251252
Squid proxy server, 279280
time synchronization, 281282
Network Time Protocol (NTP), 281, 282
networking configuration, 137147
adding and dropping network interfaces,
143144
arp command, 146147
/etc/sysconfig/network script, 140
ifcfg-* scripts, 138140
ifconfig command, 141143
netstat command, 144146
networks file, 108
newsgroups, 279
nfs file system type, 150
procedures, 257258
nfs runlevel script, 121
NFS server
setting quotas and, 161
nfslock service, 257
NIS (Network Information Service), 295297
defined, 302
nmbd service, 261
nmblookup command, 267268
NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol) PCMCIA devices 382
NNTP (Network News Transfer Protocol),
279, 282
noatime mount option, 151
noauto mount option, 151
nobody user account, 290
nodev mount option, 151
noexec mount option, 151
non-disclosure agreement, xvi
non-Linux boot images, configuration, 31
nosuid mount option, 151
nouser mount option, 151
nrft* device files, 106
nsswitch.conf file, 107
NT Loader, 36
ntfs file system type, 150
NTP (Network Time Protocol), 281, 282
ntpdate, Cron to run regularly, 281
ntpqic* device files, 106
Ntsysv, 133
null device files, 106
O
object code, 206
defined, 212
off action, specifying in /etc/inittab file, 128
Official Red Hat Linux Reference Guide, 103
once action, specifying in /etc/inittab file, 128
ondemand action, specifying in /etc/inittab
file, 128
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF-2), 352, 353
openldap package, 301
operating systems. See also Windows
associated bootloader, 36
multi-boot configurations, 4347
ordinary user account, defined, 75
orphan files, 67
OSPF-2 (Open Shortest Path First), 352, 353
other LILO parameter, 39
owner of orphan files, 67
P
package file, defined, 95
packages, 83
defined, 26, 95
error message from conflict, 88
identifying installed, 90
installing, 24
with Red Hat Manager, 8588
for X Window system, 317
querying and verifying contents, 9194
removing, 89
selecting during Linux install, 2223
%packages directive for kickstart install, 55
packet filter, 362
defined, 368
PAM (Pluggable Authentication Module),
298300, 303
configuration file, 299300
defined, 302
pam_access.so module, 298
pam_console.so module, 298
pam_listfile.so module, 298
pam_nologin.so module, 298
pam_securetty.so module, 298
pam_time.so module, 298
pam.d subdirectory, 108
parameters, /etc/conf.modules file to define,
195196
part directive for kickstart install, 55
partitions, 912
establishing quota files in, 155156
Fips to split, 1011
formatting, 20
information about, 221
during installation, 1920
for Server installation class, 19
for workstation classes, 17
passwd command, 30, 74, 107
passwords
for group, 72
for root user, 22, 2930
in Samba, 266
shadow, 29
for user account, 7475, 288
user account parameters, 6364
patch level, 185
defined, 205
PATH environment variable, 217
pci, 110
PCMCIA devices
configuration, 130
pcmcia runlevel script Rawrite program 383
image file for, 6
pcmcia runlevel script, 121
pcmcia subdirectory, 108
pending changes, in Linuxconf, 28
performance-based exams, xivxv
plug-and-play devices, configuration, 131
Pluggable Authentication Module (PAM),
298300, 303
defined, 302
pnpdumg command, 131
POP accounts as user privilege, 65
POP (Post Office Protocol), 248
configuration, 251
POP user accounts, 66
defined, 75
port for TCP/IP service, 228229
portmap daemon, 254, 295
use of TCP wrappers, 307
portmap package, 254
portmap runlevel script, 121
%post directive for kickstart install, 55
post-install lines, in /etc/conf.modules file,
196
Post Office Protocol (POP), 248
configuration, 251
post-remove line in /etc/conf.modules file,
197
postgresql runlevel script, 121
powerfail action, specifying in /etc/inittab file,
128
powerfailnow action, specifying in /etc/inittab
file, 128
powerokwait action, specifying in /etc/inittab
file, 128
powerwait action, specifying in /etc/inittab
file, 128
PPP accounts as user privilege, 65
ppp subdirectory, 108
PPP user accounts, 66
defined, 75
primary bootloader
defined, 42
LILO as, 37
printcap file, 108
printer share for Samba, 264
printing
package description, 91
remote access, 278279
scripts, 92
status information during software install,
86
printtool utility, 261
priority
defined, 136
for scripts, 123
privilege fields for user accounts, 62
privileged ports, 228229
defined, 236
problem-solving process, xxi
/proc directory, 104, 109111
proc file system type, 150
processor type for kernel options, 200
profile shell script, 107
programming language, scripting language
vs., 206
prompt from LILO, 37
prompt LILO global parameter, 39
protocols file, 108
proxy server, Squid, 279280
pump package, 277278
pwconv command, 29
pwunconv command, 29
Q
qnx4fs file system type, 150
Qt toolkit, 329
quota command, 160
quota package, installing, 154
quotacheck command, 152, 155156
quota.group file, 152
establishing in partitions, 155156
quotaon command, 159
quotas. See disk space quotas
quota.user file, 152
establishing in partitions, 155156
R
RAID software device, 20
ramdisk device files, 106, 202
ramdisk image for rescue mode, 220
random runlevel script, 121
Rawrite program, 6
defined, 8
rc.d subdirectory routing 384
rc.d subdirectory, 108
rcp server, 290
rdate program, 281
read-only LILO parameter, 39
read-only partitions, 9
read-write share (NFS), 256
README file, 189
reboot runlevel script, 121
recovered files, directory for, 109
Red Hat Hardware Compatibility List, 3
Red Hat installation CD-ROM, mounting, 6
Red Hat Linux Installation Guide, 4
Red Hat Manager (RPM), 82
binary packages, 8295
exam essentials, 9495, 98
file ownership determination, 91
to identify installed packages, 90
to install Apache, 230231
to install BIND, 238
to install quota package, 154
to install X Window packages, 317
to install XF86Setup, 322323
package installation with, 8588
performing updates and fixes, 8990
querying and verifying package contents,
9194
removing packages, 89
source file flags, 97
source packages, 9698
Red Hat Package Manager, 23
Red Hat PowerTools, Swatch utility, 181
remote login to X Window system, 337341
remount mount option, 151
remove line in /etc/conf.modules file, 197
reports on disk space quotas, 160
repquota command, 152, 160
rescue mode, 220226
defined, 225
environment access, 221224
general recovery procedure, 224225
resolv.conf file, 108
respawn action, specifying in /etc/inittab file,
128
reverse zone file, 239, 241242, 243
rexec server, 290
rft* device files, 106
RHCE exam, xii
Debug exam, xxxxii
multiple-choice exam, xviixix
non-disclosure agreement, xvi
protocol, xvxvii
Server Install and Network Services Setup,
xixxx
tips, xivxxii
RIP (Routing Information Protocol), 352,
353
rlogin server, 290
rmmod command, 192193
ro mount option, 151
romfs file system type, 150
/root directory, 104
root directory (/), 102, 103104
/bin directory, 103, 104
/boot partition, 103, 104105
/dev directory, 103, 105
essential directories, 103
/etc directory, 103, 106108
/home directory, 104, 109
/lib directory, 103, 109
/lost+found directory, 104, 109
/mnt directory, 104, 109
/proc directory, 104, 109111
/sbin directory, 103, 111
/tmp directory, 104, 111
/usr directory, 104, 111112
/var directory, 104, 112113
root LILO parameter, 39
root partition, 10
defined, 12
root user
changing password, 2930
password for, 22
protecting account, 287
system directories, 287
rootpw directive for kickstart install, 55
route, 344
defined, 356
route command, 345
routed daemon, 352
routed runlevel script, 121
router, 344
defined, 356
routing, 344357
defined, 357
dynamic, 352353
disabling, 355
enabling IP forwarding, 353354
Routing Information Protocol (RIP) serial ports, initializing 385
kernel configuration, 347352
Linuxconf to specify rules, 354
route command to specify rules, 355
sample network, 346, 346347
static, 345346
Routing Information Protocol (RIP), 352,
353
routing table, 345346
rpc file, 108
rpc.mountd daemon, 254
rpc.nfsd daemon, 254
RPM. See Red Hat Manager (RPM)
RPM database, 84
rpmdb-redhat package, 94
.rpmorig extension, 13
.rpmsave extension, 13, 88, 90
rsh server, 290
rstatd runlevel script, 121
run-parts script, 164
runlevel scripts, 119123
arguments, 122
defined, 136
importance of using, 123
runlevels, 117, 119
associating services with, 132135
configuration, 132
defined, 136
managing, 125126
processes active, 127128
rusersd runlevel script, 121
rw mount option, 151
rwhod runlevel script, 121
RX packets field in ifconfig output, 142
S
Samba, 49, 260268
client configuration and use, 265
installation, 262
procedures, 266268
advanced, 266
service directives, 263265
samba-client package, 262
samba-common package, 262
samba package, 262
Sawfish window manager, 329
/sbin/diplogin command interpreter, 66
/sbin directory, 103, 111
/sbin/lilo, 38
/sbin/setsysfont script, 118
ScanDisk (Microsoft), 11
scheduling jobs, 162174
Cron program, 163167
scripting language, vs. programming lan-
guage, 206
scripts. See also runlevel scripts
for kickstart install, 5152
printing, 92
in system initialization, 116125
scsi, 110
sd* device files, 106
secondary bootloader
configuring Linux as, 37
defined, 42
Secure Socket Layer (SSL), 230
tocol) with, 300301
securetty file, 107
security. See also authentication; firewall
administration, 286293
breach detection, 291292
breach recovery, 292293
improvements, 290291
root account protection, 287
setuid and setgid files, 288289
user account management, 288
user ids for services, 290
single-user mode and, 217
TCP/IP ports and, 228229
in X Window system, 337, 338339
security subdirectory, 108
Select Video Modes screen, in Xconfigurator,
321
self, 110
Sendmail, 248, 248253
features, 249
installation, 250
procedures, 251252
sendmail runlevel script, 121
serial ports, initializing, 118
server stat 386
server. See also Apache Web server; FTP
server
DNS, 49, 238
HTTP server
caching data, 280
NFS server
setting quotas and, 161
rcp, 290
rlogin, 290
for Samba, 262263, 266
setup for kickstart install, 56
ssh, 290
telnet, 290
for X Window system, 312, 314315
Server installation class, 1718
and partition erasure, 16
service directives, for Samba, 263265
services
access restrictions, 303309
inetd service, 303305
TCP wrappers, 305309
associating with runlevels, 132135
services file, 108
session-aware applications, 328
setgid file, 288
setuid file, 288
shadow file, 107
shadow passwords, 29, 288
sharable files, /usr directory for, 111112
shared libraries, 208209
adding, 209210
shares (NFS), 253
client access, 256
defined, 260
/etc/exports file directive to specify, 255
shares (Samba), accessing from Linux host,
265
sharing data via user private group, 7879
shell
for user account, 63
shell accounts, 62. See also user accounts
shells file, 107
shut down
in rescue mode, 224
shutdown command, 126
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), 249
single runlevel script, 122
single-user mode, 216219
defined, 219
entering, 217
environment access, 217218
general procedure, 218219
starting system in, 38
skel subdirectory, 108
slapd daemon, 301
slave DNS, 239
SLIP user accounts, 66
defined, 75
slurpd daemon, 301
smb runlevel script, 122
SMB (System Message Block), 260, 261
smbclient command, 261, 265, 267
smbd service, 261
smbfs file system type, 150
smbmount command, 261, 265
SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol), 249
sndconfig, 27
socket, 229
defined, 236
soft limits
defined, 161
for disk space quotas, 152
sound configuration, 131132
sound runlevel script, 122
source code, 206
defined, 212
source RPM package files, 9698
defined, 98
sr* device files, 106
.src.rpm, 96
ssh server, 290
sshd runlevel script, 122
SSL (Secure Socket Layer), 230
tocol) with, 300301
st* device files, 106
stable kernel, 185
defined, 205
stand-alone TCP/IP service, 229
start of authority, 239, 244
numbers in, 241
stat, 111
static library files Troll Tech 387
static library files, 208
static links, defined, 212
static routing, 345, 345346
defined, 357
statically linked executable, 207
Status field in ifconfig output, 142
status information, printing during software
install, 86
stratum 1 servers, 281, 282
stubs, 207
defined, 212
sudo command, 287
suid mount option, 151
Sun Microsystems, NIS (Network Informa-
tion Service), 295297
Super Server, 303
superblocks, 222
defined, 226
Superprobe, 318, 324
SuperUser as user privilege, 65
supplementary groups for user account, 63
swap partitions, 10, 118
Swatch utility, 181
Switchdesk utility, 333334
symbolic links
in /etc/rc.d/rc?.d script, 123
pointing to library file, 209
sync command, xxi, 224
sync mount option, 152
synchronizing time, 281282
sys, 111
sysconfig subdirectory, 108
sysinit action, specifying in /etc/inittab file,
128
syslog runlevel script, 122
syslog.conf file, 107
Syslogd process, 175
systat, 291
system clock, synchronizing with UTC, 281
system Cron file, 164167
system Crontab files, 165
system initialization, 116136
init process and /etc/inittab file, 125128
script execution, 116125
/etc/rc.d/rc script, 116, 117, 119124
/etc/rc.d/rc.serial script, 116
/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit script, 116, 117
119
special hardware configuration, 129132
system logs, 175181
access as user privilege, 65
configuration, 177
to detect security breach, 291
entries, 176177
facility designations, 177178
for FTP service, 247
Klogd process, 175
logging action designations, 179
message priority designations, 178179
Syslogd process, 175
System Message Block (SMB), 260, 261
system-wide user profiles, 77
system.map file, 188
sysv file system type, 150
T
TAR files, vs. packages, 83
tcl package, 322
TCP/IP services, 228230
TCP wrappers, 303, 305309
checking, 308
defined, 309
tcpd program, 305
tcpdchk command, 308
tcpdmatch command, 308
telinit command, 125126
telnet server, 290
temporary files
defined, 113
directory for, 111
testparm command, 267
text mode installation procedure, 14, 16
time synchronization, 281282
time zone, setting in installation process, 22
timeconfig, 27
timeout LILO global parameter, 39
timezone directive for kickstart install, 55
tk package, 322
Tksysv, 133
/tmp directory, 104, 111
tmpwatch job, 167
tpqic* device files, 106
Tripwire, 292
Troll Tech, 329
troubleshooting UUCP user accounts 388
troubleshooting
243
booting, single-user mode for, 216219
LILO, 3642
problem-solving process, xxi
Samba, 267268
Sendmail, 252
tty* device files, 106
ttyS* device files, 106
twist directive, 308309
TX packets field in ifconfig output, 142
Txqueuelen field in ifconfig output, 142
U
ufs file system type, 150
umask value, 79, 289
umsdos file system type, 150
uninstalling packages, 89
Universal Time (UTC), 22
upgrade directive for kickstart install, 55
Upgrade installation procedure, 13
and partition erasure, 17
uptime, 111
user access to FTP server, 245
user accounts, 6075
administration via command line, 6871
changing full name associated with, 70
creating, 22, 6265
defined, 75
deleting, 6667, 69
enabling and disabling, 66
/etc/passwd file to define, 6061
exam essentials, 75
home directories, 109
managing, 288
modifying, 70
parameters, 6364
passwords, 7475
setting disk space quota for, 157
user privilege parameters, 6465
useradd command to create, 6869
Userconf tool to manage, 6167
user Crontab files, 163
editing, 169
listing, 173
user environment, 7679
exam essentials, 79
user groups. See also groups
defined, 75
user ID
in /etc/crontab file, 164
for services, 290
user mount option, 152
user private group, 80, 289
defined, 293
sharing data via, 7879
user privilege parameters for user account,
6465
user profiles, 76, 80
system-wide, 77
user quotas. See also disk space quotas
defined, 161
useradd command, 6869
Userconf tool
to administer groups, 7173
for user account administration, 6167
userdel command, 68, 69
usermod command, 68, 70
username, 61
/usr/bin/crontab program, 163
/usr/bin directory, 104
/usr/bin/ld, 208
/usr directory, 104, 111112
/usr/lib/linuxconf/lib/ppplogin command
interpreter, 66
/usr/sbin/crond, 163
/usr/sbin/in.ftpd daemon, 245
/usr/sbin/named program, 237
/usr/sbin/uucico command interpreter, 66
/usr/src/linux/.config file, 199
/usr/src/linux directory, 189, 198
/usr/src/linux/Makefile file, 198199
/usr/src/redhat directory, subdirectories, 96
97
/usr/X11R6/bin directory, 313
UTC (Universal Time), 22
UUCP accounts, as user privilege, 65
UUCP user accounts, 66
defined, 75
/var directory X Window system 389
V
/var directory, 104, 112113
/var/lib/rpm directory, 84
/var/log/dmesg file, 180
/var/log/messages file, 175, 176, 247
Samba messages in, 267
/var/spool/cron directory, 163
/var/state/dhcp/dhcpd.leases file, 276
/var/yp/binding file, 295
/var/yp/domain file, 295
vc* device files, 106
version number, defined, 95
versions of kernel, 185186
determining, 192
vertical refresh rate, 320
defined, 325
vfat file system type, 150
video hardware, XFree86 support, 315316
Video Memory screen in Xconfigurator, 321
virtual consoles, use during installation, 15
virtual host configuration, for Apache, 233
234
virtual memory, 11
vmlinu* file, 187
VMware, 43
W
wait action, specifying in /etc/inittab file, 128
Washington University FTP server, packages,
245
Web server, installing Linux from, 4950
Web sites
for File System Hierarchy Standard, 102
103
Linux Kernel Archive, 185
on Linux laptop configuration, 322
for Red Hat training, xiv
Samba, 262
security software, 291292
well-known ports, 228
defined, 236
whatis command, 165166
Window Maker, 328
window managers (X), 313, 326
choosing, 329330
defined, 325, 336
WindowMaker, 329
Windows 9x, multi-boot configurations with,
44
Windows clients, Samba to access Linux file
systems, 261
Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS),
261
Windows NT
multi-boot configurations with, 4447
running Linux under, 43
Windows NT loader, to boot Linux, 4445
Windows programs, running under Linux, 43
Wine project, 43
WinModems, 3
WinPrinters, 3
WINS (Windows Internet Naming Service),
261
workstation classes, for installation, 17
wu-ftpd package, 245
X
X client, 326, 330
defined, 325
launching remote, 339340
popular options, 331
X login, /etc/inittab file to set, 330
X programs, 207
X server, defined, 325
X Window system, 312325
accessing remote X font server, 334335
configuration, 2324, 318324
for remote access, 337341
Superprobe, 324
Xconfigurator, 318321
xf86config tool, 313, 318, 324
XF86Setup, 322323
xvidtune, 324
control sequences, 331
directories and files, 313
display manager, 327
selection, 332
exam essentials, 325, 336, 341
host-based security, 338339
launching remote client, 339340
remote login, 340341
X11 subdirectory zone file 390
server selection, 314315
servers and clients, 312
starting, 330
window managers, 313
Xnest program, 335
X11 subdirectory, 108
X11R6-contrib package, 317
.Xclients-default script, 334
.Xclients script, 334
xconfig directive for kickstart install, 55
xconfig utility, 200
Xconfigurator, 2324, 317, 318321
.Xdefaults file, 78
XDM display manager, 327
configuring to provide chooser, 332333
xf86config tool, 313, 318, 324
XF86Setup, 322323
XFree86-75dpi-fonts package, 317
XFree86-libs package, 317
XFree86 package, 317
XFree86 Project Inc., 312, 314
XFree86-VGA16 package, 322
XFree86-XF86Setup package, 322
XFree86-xfs package, 317
xfs runlevel script, 122
xhost command, 338339
xinitrc package, 317
Xnest program, 335
xntp3 package, 281
xntpd program, 281
xvidtune, 318, 324-325
Y
Yellow Pages, 295
yp-tools package, 295
ypbind package, 295
ypbind program, 296
ypcat program, 296
ypmatch program, 296
yppasswd program, 296
yppasswdd program, 296
yppoll program, 296
yppush program, 296
ypserv package, 295
ypserv program, 296
ypwhich program, 296
Z
zero device files, 106
zerombr directive for kickstart install, 55
zone file, 238239, 244

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