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  • Gallstones: Image Description. Better Health Channel Logo End of Image Description

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    kapczuk
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    Gallstones (biliary calculi) are small stones made from cholesterol, bile pigment and calcium salts, usually as a mixture that forms in the gall bladder. Gallstones are a common disorder of the digestive system, and affect around 15 per cent of people aged 50 years and over. The presence of fatty foods triggers the gall bladder to squeeze its bile concentrate into the small intestine.

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    Gallstones

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    Gallstones (biliary calculi) are small stones made from cholesterol, bile pigment and calcium salts, usually as a mixture that forms in the gall bladder. Gallstones are a common disorder of the digestive system, and affect around 15 per cent of people aged 50 years and over. The presence of fatty foods triggers the gall bladder to squeeze its bile concentrate into the small intestine.

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    Gallstones: Image Description. Better Health Channel Logo End of Image Description

    Transféré par

    kapczuk
    Gallstones (biliary calculi) are small stones made from cholesterol, bile pigment and calcium salts, usually as a mixture that forms in the gall bladder. Gallstones are a common disorder of the digestive system, and affect around 15 per cent of people aged 50 years and over. The presence of fatty foods triggers the gall bladder to squeeze its bile concentrate into the small intestine.

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    Image description. Better Health Channel logo End of image description.

    Gallstones
    Gallstones(biliarycalculi)aresmallstonesmadefromcholesterol,bilepigmentandcalciumsalts, usuallyasamixturethatformsinthegallbladder. Thegallbladderisasmallsacthatholdsbile,adigestivejuiceproducedbytheliverthatisusedin thebreakdownofdietaryfats.Thegallbladderextractswaterfromitsstoreofbileuntiltheliquid becomeshighlyconcentrated.Thepresenceoffattyfoodstriggersthegallbladdertosqueezeits bileconcentrateintothesmallintestine. Gallstonesareacommondisorderofthedigestivesystem,andaffectaround15percentofpeople aged50yearsandover.Somethingswhichmayleadtotheformationofgallstonesincludethe crystallisationofexcesscholesterolinbileandthefailureofthegallbladdertofullyempty. Inmostcases,gallstonesdontcauseanyproblems.Howeverprompttreatmentmaybenecessary ifstonesblockductsandcausecomplicationssuchasinfectionsorinflammationofthepancreas (pancreatitis). Symptoms Inapproximately70percentofcases,gallstonescausenosymptoms.Thesymptomsofgallstones mayinclude: Painintheabdomenandback.Painisgenerallyinfrequentbutsevere. Increaseinabdominalpainaftereatingafattymeal. Jaundice. Feverandpain,ifthegallbladderorbileductbecomesinfected.

    Ima ge des crip

    Different types Therearethreemaintypesofgallstones: Mixed stones themostcommontype.Theyarecomprisedofcholesterolandsalts. Mixedstonestendtodevelopinbatches. Cholesterol stonescomprisedmainlyofcholesterol,afat-likesubstancethatiscrucial tomanymetabolicprocesses.Cholesterolstonescangrowtosignificantsizes,large enoughtoblockbileducts. Pigment stonesbileisgreenishbrownincolour,duetoparticularpigments.Gallstones madefrombilepigmentaretypicallysmallbutnumerous.

    Causes and risk factors Gallstonesareacommondisorderofthedigestivesystem,andaffectaround15percentofpeople aged50yearsandover.Theyaremorecommoninwomenthanmen.Gallstonesarealsomore commoninoverweightpeople,andpeoplewithafamilyhistoryofgallstones. Thereisnosinglecauseofgallstones.Insomepeople,theliverproducestoomuchcholesterol. Thiscanresultintheformationofcholesterolcrystalsinbilewhichgrowintostones.Inother people,gallstonesformbecauseofchangesinothercomponentsofbileorbecausethegallbladder failstoemptynormally. Complications of gallstones Ifgallstonespresentnosymptoms,thereisrarelyanyneedfortreatment. Complicationsthatmayrequirepromptmedicaltreatmentinclude: Biliary colicagallstonecanmigratefromthebodyofthegallbladderintoitsneck (cysticduct),leadingtoobstruction.Symptomsincludeseverepainandfever.

    Gallstones

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    Inflammation of the gall bladder (cholecystitis)thegallbladderductbecomes blockedbyagallstone,leadingtoinfectionandinflammationofthegallbladder.Symptoms includesevereabdominalpain,nauseaandvomiting. Jaundiceifabileductleadingtothebowelisblockedbyastone,trappedbileentersthe bloodstreaminsteadofthedigestivesystem.Thebilepigmentscauseayellowingofthe skinandeyes.Theurinemayalsoturnorangeorbrown. Pancreatitisinflammationofthepancreas,causedbyablockedbileductlowdownnear thepancreas.Pancreaticenzymesirritateandburnthepancreasandleechoutintothe abdominalcavity. Cholangitisinflammationofthebileducts,whichoccurswhenabileductbecomes blockedbyastoneandthebilegetssecondarilyinfected.Thiscausespain,fever,jaundice andrigors(shaking).

    Diagnosis methods Gallstonesarediagnosedusinganumberoftests,including: General testssuchasphysicalexaminationandx-rays. Ultrasoundsoundwavesformapicturethatdetectsthepresenceofgallstones. Endoscope testcalledendoscopicretrogradecholangiopancreatography(ERCP).Athin tubeispassedthroughtheoesophagusandinjectsdyeintotheboweltoimprovethe qualityofx-raypictures. HIDA scan aspecialtypeofnuclearscanthatassesseshowwellthegallbladder functions. Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)-aformofthebodyimaging techniqueMagneticResonanceImagingorMRI.Apatient'sliver,biliaryandpancreatic systemisimagedusingaMRIunit.AnimagesimilartoanERCPtestcanbeobtained.

    Treatment options Gallstonesthatpresentnosymptomsgenerallydontrequireanymedicalintervention.Treatment dependsonthesizeandlocationofthegallstones,butmayinclude: Dietary modificationssuchaslimitingoreliminatingfattyfoodsanddairyproducts. Surgerytoremovetheentiregallbladder,orstonesfrombileducts.Aroundeightin10 gallstonecasesshowingsymptomswillrequiresurgery.Proceduresincludekeyhole (laparoscopic)surgeryandabdominalsurgery(laparotomy),wherethegallbladderis removedthroughanincisionintheabdomen. Lithotripsy aspecialmachinegeneratessoundwavestoshatterstones.Thistreatmentis usedforthosepeoplewithsmallandsoftstones,whichaccountsforaroundtwooutof10 casesofgallstoneswithsymptoms. Medicationssomedrugscandissolvegallstonesbutthistreatmentisonlyrarelygiven, duetosideeffectsandavariablesuccessrate.

    Where to get help Yourdoctor NurseonCallTel.1300606024forexperthealthinformationandadvice(24hours,7 days) Gastroenterologist.

    Things to remember

    Gallstonesaresmallstonesmadefromcholesterol,bilepigmentandcalciumsaltsthat forminthegallbladder. Medicaltreatmentisntnecessaryunlessthegallstonespresentsymptoms. Treatmentoptionsincludesurgeryandshatteringthestoneswithsoundwaves.

    This page has been produced in consultation with, and approved by:

    CanberraHospital-GastroenterologyUnit

    Gallstones

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    Copyight 1999/2009StateofVictoria.ReproducedfromtheBetterHealthChannel(www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au)at nocostwithpermissionoftheVictorianMinisterforHealth.Unauthorisedreproductionandotherusescomprisedinthe copyrightareprohibitedwithoutpermission. ThisBetterHealthChannelfactsheethaspassedthrougharigorousapprovalprocess.Forthelatestupdatesandmore informationvisitwww.betterhealth.vic.gov.au.

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