AIM

Measuring the Amount of Acetic Acid In Vinegar by Titration with an Indicator Solution

This is to certify that SHUKLA ofclass II A! com"leted thchemistry"ro#ect entitled $%&T&'MINATI(N () AM(UNT ()

VINI has

A*&TI* A*I% IN VIN&+A', himself "rogress and of under the my guidancehas The been "ro#ect

continuously re"orted and has been in my .nowledge consistently-

MrsMAMTA SAINI /*H&MIST'01 ST MA'0,S *(NV&NT S&N(I'

S&*(N%A'0 S*H((L

It gi2es me great "leasure to e3"ress my gratitude towards our chemistry teacher Mrs- A%ITI KA4((' for her guidance5 su""ort throughout 6ithout the the her successful

and encouragement duration of the "ro#ectmoti2ation and hel"

com"letion of this "ro#ect would not ha2e been "ossible-

VINI SHUKLA XII

A!

Index
1 Certificate 2 Acknowledgement Aim ! "#$ecti%e & Introd'ction ( Material) and *+'i,ment - ./eor0 1 *x,erimental 2roced're *x,eriment 1 *x,eriment 2 *x,eriment 3 4e)'lt 15 2reca'tion) 11

6i#liogra,/0

"#$ecti% e
The goal of this "ro#ect is to determine the amount of Acetic Acid in different ty"es of 2inegar using titration with a coloured "H indicator to determine the end"oint-

Introd'ction
Vinegar is a solution made from the fermentation of ethanol /*H7*H8(H15 which in turn was "re2iously fermented from sugar- The fermentation of ethanol results in the "roduction of acetic acid /*H7*((H1- There are many different ty"es of 2inegar5 each starting from a different original sugar source /e-g-5 rice5 wine5 malt5 etc-1- The amount of acetic acid in 2inegar can 2ary5 ty"ically between 9 to :; for table 2inegar5 but u" to three times higher /!<;1 for "ic.ling 2inegarIn this "ro#ect5 we will determine the amount of acid in different 2inegars using titration5 a common techni=ue in chemistry- Titration is a way to measure the un.nown amount of a chemical in a solution /the titrant1 by adding a measured amount of a chemical with a .nown concentration /the titrating solution1- The titrating solution reacts with the titrant5 and the end"oint of the reaction is monitored in some way- The concentration of the titrant can now be calculated from the amount of titrating solution added5 and the ratio of the two chemicals in the chemical e=uation for the reactionTo measure the acidity of a 2inegar solution5 we can add enough hydro3yl ions to balance out the added hydrogen ions from the acidThe hydro3yl ions will react with the hydrogen ions to "roduce water- In order for a titration to wor.5 we need three things> !- a titration solution /contains hydro3yl ions with a "recisely .nown concentration15 8- a method for deli2ering a "recisely measured 2olume of the titrating solution5 and 7- a means of indicating when the end"oint has been reached)or the titrating solution5 we?ll use a dilute solution of

sodium hydro3ide /Na(H1- Sodium hydro3ide is a strong base5 which means that it dissociates almost com"letely in water- So for e2ery Na(H

molecule that we add to the solution5we can e3"ect to "roduce a hydro3yl ionTo dis"ense an accurately measured 2olume of the titrating solution5 we will use a burette- A burette is a long tube with a 2al2e at the bottom and graduated mar.ings on the outside to measure the 2olume contained in the burette- The burette is mounted on a ring stand5 directly abo2e the titrant solution /as shown in the "icture1Solutions in the burette tend to cree" u" the sides of the glass at the surface of the li=uid- This is due to the surface tension of water- The surface of the li=uid thus forms a cur2e5 called a meniscus- To measure the 2olume of the li=uid in the burette5 always read from the bottom of the meniscusIn this e3"eriment5 we will use an indicator solution called "henol"hthalein- 4henol"hthalein is colourless when the solution is acidic or neutral- 6hen the solution becomes slightly basic5 "henol"hthalein turns "in.ish5 and then light "ur"le as the solution becomes more basic- So when the 2inegar solution starts to turn "in.5 we .now that the titration is com"lete-