Sugano

Outline Seismicity Background EQ Damage
High-Strength Self-Compacting Fire-Resistance High-Durability
Fiber-Reinforced High-Ductility
Concluding Remarks
8HSC/HPC Symposium Toshi Center Hotel, Tokyo, October 27 29, 2008
Outline of Presentation
1) Backgrounds
JCI Technical Committees on Structural Performance of HighHigh-Strength Concrete Structures Utilization of HighHigh-Strength and HighHigh-Performance Concrete
APPLICATION OF
HIGHHIGH-STRENGTH AND HIGHHIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

IN SEISMIC REGIONS
2) Seismicity around Japan and EQ Damage 3) Overview of Application of HSC/HPC in Japan

HighHigh-Strength Concrete High-Strength Concrete Fire-Resistant Concrete HighHigh-Performance Concrete Self-Compacting Concrete High-Durability Concrete High-Ductility Concrete
Shunsuke Sugano
Professor Emeritus Hiroshima University
081027 S. SUGANO Application of HighHigh-Strength and HighHighPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions
4) Concluding Remarks
1
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
JCI Committees on HSC/HPC

Technical Committee on
HSC/HPC Keynote Lectures

From
Structural Performance of HSC Structures (2004.4 - 2006.3)

To review the state of research and design of HSC structures To prepare technical reports of structural performance of HSC structures. Subcommittees on structural performance and structural design
Technical Committee on
Japan Concrete Institute (JCI)
Utilization of HSC/HPC (2006.4 - 2008.3)

To review the state of research, design and application of HSC/HPC To prepare keynote papers for 8HSC/HPC Symposium Subcommittees on High-strength & Fire-resistance Self-Compacting & High-durability Fiber-reinforced & High-ductility
Subcommittee on High-strength & Fire-resistant KN1: Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Reinforcement (Prof. Nishiyama, Oct.27 am) Subcommittee on Self-Compacting & High-durability KN2: Highly Durable Concrete in Japan (Dr. Yokota, Oct.27 pm) KN3: Self-Compacting Concrete in Japan (Prof. Ohuchi, Oct.27 pm) Subcommittee on Fiber-reinforced & High-ductility KN4: Review of Japanese Recommendations on Design and Construction of Different Classes of Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Applications Examples (Prof. Uchida, Oct.28 am) From
Japan Prestressed Concrete Engineering Association (JPCEA)
HighHigh-Strength Concrete (HSC) HighHigh-Performance Concrete (HPC)

The high-strength concrete added with high-function" such as; high-durability, high-ductility, self-compacting, fire-resistance.
Committee on Design and Construction for Prestressed Concrete Structures Using High-strength Concrete KN5: Outline of Guidelines for Design and Construction of High-strength Concrete for Prestressed Concrete Structures (Prof. Mutsuyoshi, Oct.28 pm) From
fdration internationale du bton (fib)
Commission 8 on Concrete KN6: Constituting modeling of HSC/HPC - a survey on fib Bulletin 42 (Prof. Dehn, Oct.28 pm)
3
Concluding Remarks
Outline Seismicity High-Strength Self-Compacting Background EQ Damage Fire-Resistance High-Durability
Concluding Remarks
8HSC/HPC Invited Lectures

From
North America plate Eurasian plate Pacific plate Philippine plate
Committee on Utilization of HSC/HPC (JCI) Professor Shunsuke Sugano, Hiroshima University, JAPAN Application of High Strength and High Performance Concrete in Seismic Regions Europe (fib) Professor Joost Walraven, Delft University of Technology, THE NETHERLANDS High Performance Fibre Concrete: a material with a large potential
From
From
America (ACI) Professor John J. Myers, Missouri University of Science and Technology, USA The Use of High Strength / High Performance Concrete in America: A Code and Application Perspective Europe (fib) Dr. Tor Arne Hammer, COIN - Concrete Innovation Centre by SINTEF, NORWAY Future HPC - Driven by Industrial Need for Innovation as well as Environmental and Social Needs Asia (ACF) Professor Takumi Shimomura, Nagaoka University of Technology, JAPAN High Strength and High Performance Concrete in the Asian Countries and Regions
Application of HighHigh-Strength and HighHighPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions
From
From
Population: 127billion High population density Land area : 378000 km2 (smaller than California ) Length from N to S : 3500 km (1800 miles) Extend along the borders of four major plates
Seismicity around Japan

081027 S. SUGANO
Application of High-Strength and HighPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
North America plate Eurasian plate
1923 Kanto (M7.9) 1948 Fukui (M7.1) 1964 Niigata (M7.5)
Pacific plate Philippine plate
Data: National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention
We sit on a high density seismic area. We have to prepare for huge earthquakes.
Recent Earthquake Records

1968 TokachiTokachi-oki (M7.9) 1995 Kobe (M7.2) Chronology and Impact of Major Earthquakes
7
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
Shear failure of short columns

Damage to many RC buildings due to shear failure of short columns After the earthquake: Revision of concrete standard Revision of building standard law Investigation of seismic behavior of RC buildings Removal of building height limit in 1964 and 36F Kasumigaseki Building (steel) in 1968.
Mid-story Collapse of Mixed RC/SRC Building (1995 Kobe Earthquake) Engineered mid-rise RC and SRC buildings experienced full storycollapse at some intermediary floors. This earthquake created another opportunity to re-assess the engineering practice and improve the design and construction procedures.
Damage to RC Buildings due to 1968 Tokachi-oki Earthquake Tokachi Tokachi-oki

Damage to SRC/RC Buildings due to 1995 Kobe Earthquake

9
10
High-Strength Fire-Resistant
Self-Compacting High-Durability
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
Section of Main Beam Bridge length: 63.7m Span: 33.2m +25.9m Width of road: 8.8m Depth of beam: 1.2m (span / beam depth=27.7) Concrete strength: 120N/mm2
Use: Apartment house Height: 192m, No. of story: 56 Concrete: Fc100MPa
Japan Concrete Institute: Technical Committee Report on Structural Structural Performance of HighHigh-Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7
Use: Apartment house Height: 204m, No. of story: 59 Concrete: Fc150MPa

T. Ueda et al: Design and Construction of HighHigh-rise R/C Apartment Building of 59 Stories, Concrete Journal, JCI, 2007.3
P3 P2 P1
A 120MPa Concrete Bridge (Pedestrian Overpass)

Side Elevation
11
081027 S. SUGANO
Japan Concrete Institute: Technical Committee Report on Structural Performance of High-Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7
081027 S. SUGANO
HSC Buildings in and around Tokyo Application of HighHigh-Strength and HighHighPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions
12
Concluding Remarks
Outline Characteristics Seismicity Comp. High-Strength Self-Compacting Objectives Behavior Seismic Behavior Background EQ Damage Fire-Resistant High-Durability & Scope of UFC of Columns of Columns
Fiber-Reinforced Seismic Behavior High-Ductility of B-C Joints
Concluding Concluding Remarks Remarks
Fc[N/mm ] Fc (MPa)
No. of Building
BCJ data (as of 2007.6) Over 60m high Total number over 500
2
Evolution of HighHigh-Strength Materials

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 design evaluation) Year (end of structural
Specified design strength
Transition of Number of High-Rise RC Buildings

Designed Year (at the end of appraisal)
Japan Concrete Institute: Technical Committee Report on Structural Performance of HighHigh-Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7
Maximum past record Annual maximum value Annual average value Annual minimum value
New RC Project
Transition of Number of HighHigh-Rise RC buildings
081027 S. SUGANO
Evolution of High-Rise RC buildings High Application of HighHigh-Strength and HighHighPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions
Transition of Concrete Strength

13
14
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
Evolution of HighHigh-Strength Materials

2 () fy [N/mm ] for longitudinal bars fy (MPa)
800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990
Maximum past record Annual maximum value Annual average value Annual minimum value
Tensile yield strength
New RC Project
SD
What Made HighRise RC Buildings Possible ? Development of:

High-strength concrete and steel. Techniques to secure ductility of members.
SD390
1995
2000
2005
Year (end of structural design evaluation)
Transition of Strength of Longitudinal Bars

1972 18 Stories fc fc 30 MPa Small Span frame

081027 S. SUGANO
Analytical tools for design. New construction techniques and quality control technology.
2005 59 Stories fc fc 150 MPa Large interior space

16
15
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
Why High-Rise RC Building ? High High-Rise

Number of story
Steel (fire resisting covering)
n) tio
Steel
gh Hi RC
Cost index (%)
SRC High RC
l ee St
ec er
C SR
Bridge (60-80N/mm2)
25-story High-RC: 100
Pile plank (70N/mm2)
PC well (50N/mm2)
High RC buildings can be constructed with equal period to that of steel buildings
Working period (day)
Number of story
High RC has larger cost merit than those of Steel and SRC buildings
Habitability due to High Stiffness, Good Sound Insulation, Constructionability and Economy
Japan Concrete Institute: Report of Technical Committee on Structural Performance of HighStrength Concrete Structures, 2006.7
Snow shelter (60-75N/mm2)

17
081027 S. SUGANO
Rock shed (60-75N/mm2)

18
Application of HSC to Public Works Structures

Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
Why HSC for Bridge Structures? Structures

Cable stayed bridge Extradosed bridge
T. Ueda et al: Design and Construction of High-rise R/C Apartment Building of 59 Stories, Concrete Journal, JCI, 2007.3
Name: Park City Musashi Kosugi Use: Condominium Location: Nakahara-ward, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Pref. No. of Story: 59F (B1, PF2F) Height of Building: 197.6 m Maximum Height: 203.5 m Total Floor Area: 103,670 m2 Structure: RC Moment Frames Concrete Strength: Fc150 MPa Main Bar: SD678 (y: 685MPa) Design: Takenaka Corporation Construction: Takenaka Corporation Construction Period: 2005.10 2009.2
57
29
14
Lightweighting Reduce beam depth Cost reduction Landscape Rapid construction
Girder structure Main beam concrete higher than 80N/mm2 Girder structure Main beam concrete lower than 80N/mm2
Japan Concrete Institute: Report of Technical Committee on Structural Performance of High-Strength Concrete Structures, 2006.7
40
40
20
40
50
10
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
A 150MPa Concrete Building

081027 S. SUGANO
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081027 S. SUGANO
20
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
Casting Column Concrete
As of May 28 2007
Column Section
Section and Floor Plan

Construction
21
22
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
Strength of Concrete Core

Fresh Concrete
23
24
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
Ordinary High-strength Concrete
Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Water content
Separation and fall down of concrete due to lateral displacement

Spalling due to steam pressure Organic fiber
Fiber is evaporated by high temperature forming a micro cavity and steam pressure is reduced.
Prevention of separation and fall down of concrete
Steel fiber
Fire Resistant Concrete

Ordinary high-strerngth concrete
Fire-resistant high-strerngth concrete

25
Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete

26
Concluding Remarks
High-Strength Self-Compacting Fire-Resistant High-Durability
Concluding Remarks
SelfSelf-Compacting Concrete
Concept of SCC
Composition of SCC
MixMix-proportioning of SCC
Structural Test on HSC and UHSC Columns

Automatic Acceptance Test of SCC

28
27
M. Ohuchi et al: SelfSelf-Compacting Concrete in Japan, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10 Application of HighHigh-Strength and HighHigh081027 S. SUGANO Performance Concrete in Seismic Regions
Concluding Remarks

Number of Buildings

Steel
Concluding Remarks
Advantages of using self-compacting concrete

(1) Shortening the construction period of large-scale structures. (2) Ensuring the filling of concrete into densely reinforced portions where the use of an internal vibrator is impracticable. (3) Reducing the vibration noise during the production of concrete products. (4) Increasing the durability of concrete structures by minimizing the placement-related defects.
60 : 684 40 20 0 1960 1965 1970 30 SRC: 245 20 10 0 1960 1965 1970 30 CFT:106 20 10 0 50 40 30 20 10 0
1960 1965 1970
Steel 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Number of Buildings
Steel Reinforced Concrete
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Steel Reinforced Concrete
Number of Buildings
Concrete Filled Tubular
Concrete Filled Tube 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Congested reinforcing bars in a bridge pier
Number of Buildings
RC:293
Reinforced Concrete
Reinforced Concrete 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
SelfSelf-compacting Concrete
Designed Year 29
Transition of Design of HighHigh-Rise Buildings

(1963(1963-2002)
30

Hat Truss
Precast Slab Truss Girder
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
Steel Box Column
HSC CFT Column H Section Column
Diaphragm
Diaphragm of CFT Column
Floor Plan
Pumping Hole
in mm
Beam-Column Joint of CFT A 4040-story CFT Building

081027 S. SUGANO
Bottom-up Pumping (60MPa Concrete, height 62m)

31
Steel Tube Specimen for Bottom-up Pumping
Appearance of Concrete beneath the Diaphragm

32
Test of BottomBottom-up Pumping

Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
HighHigh-Durability Concrete
HighHigh-Ductility Concrete (ECC)

Y. Uchida et al. : Review of Japanese Recommendations on Design and Construction of Different Classes of Fiber Reinforced Concrete and Applications Examples, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HOC, 2008.10
Normal concrete
Acid-resistant concrete
AcidAcid-resistant concrete
081027 S. SUGANO
Application of staystay-inin-place forms to a fierce chloridechlorideladen environment

33
Section of tunnel and rehabilitation scheme
Shotcreting of ECC
Rehabilitation of a tunnel using ECC

Engineered Cementitious Composite
ECC is characterized by strain hardening under tensile stress, which is a unique performance that has never been found in conventional cement concrete. This performance of ECC keeps cracks fine, leading to large tensile deformation and ductility.
H. Yokota et al: Highly Durable Concrete in Japan, Keynote Paper, 8HSC/HPC Symposium, 2008.10
34
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
HighHigh-Ductility Concrete (ECC)

Core wall ECC coupling beam Support column Flat slab
HighHigh-Ductility Concrete (UFC)

Composition of UFC
Core wall
coupling beam
Stress- Strain Relationship
Ultra-High-Strength Fiber-Reinforced Concrete A highhigh-rise RC housing complex using ECC for coupling beams between core walls (41(41-story and 150m height)
UFC is an epoch-making high-ductility/high-durability concrete having a compressive strength exceeding 150 N/mm2 as well as a high tensile strength exceeding 10 N/mm2.
35
36
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
Sakata Mirai Bridge
Comparison of Girder Section

Previous bridge
Effective width 1.6 m Effective width 1.6 m
1.56
2.1
Effective width 1.6 m
Main cable 25S15.28x2
Main cable 19S15.28x4
UFC 200N/mm2
Outer cable PS structure Span50m Floor thickness5cm Web thickness8cm
Ordinary Concrete 40N/mm2
3.0
Steel Girder
Reference Nikkei construction: September 13, 2002 38
SakataSakata-Mirai Bridge Using 200MPa UFC

37
081027 S. SUGANO
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
JSCE Recommendations for ECC and UFC
Needs of UFC for Buildings

Social Needs
Higher building Wider living space Smaller member section Longer durability
Potential Needs
If a building is free from earthquakes by using seismic isolation, novel design and creation of new space can be possible using UFC.
39
081027 S. SUGANO
Recommendations for Design and Construction of High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composite with Multiple Fine Cracks (HPFRCC), 2007 081027 S. SUGANO
Recommendations for Design and Construction of Ultra High-Strength Fiber Reinforced Concrete Structures (Draft), 2006
A test frame of 150MPa concrete columns supported by seismic isolation system (fundamental period: 10 second)
40
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks (1)

HighHigh-Strength Concrete (HSC)
HSC up to 120MPa strength has been applied to many civil engineering structures (bridges, tanks, shelter, etc.) HSC up to 150MPa strength has been applied to many highhighrise RC buildings, mostly housing complexes. Development of higher strength concrete than 120MPa, however, less expensive than 200MPa200MPa-UFC, is required. Development of highhigh-strength added with highhigh-durability concrete is required on the extension of ordinary concrete. Structural Test of UFC Columns and B-C Joints
41
081027 S. SUGANO
42
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks

SelfSelf-Compacting Concrete SCC) SCC has been applied to many civil engineering structures (tunnels, bridges, underground LNG tanks, etc.) where casting and vibrating concrete is difficult. SCC has been applied to many CFT buildings and seismic rehabilitation of existing buildings (placing walls and jacketing columns with concrete) where casting and vibrating concrete is difficult. Comprehensive estimation of the cost by owners considering LCC as well as initial cost will promote the dissemination of SCC.

HighHigh-Durability Concrete (HDC)
Durability Enhancement by Innovation in Materials Improvement and Mix Proportioning Durability Enhancement by HighlyHighly-Durable StayStay-inin-Place Forms. Design and production of highly durable concrete are strongly requested for realizing sustainability. Though the initial cost is high for HDC, LCC may be decreased.
43
081027 S. SUGANO
44
Concluding Remarks
Concluding Remarks

HighHigh-Ductility Concrete (ECC) ECC has been applied to many civil engineering structures (tunnels, bridges, gravity dams, etc.) where cracks must be kept fine or large ductility is required. ECC was applied to connecting beams between 33-D shear walls in a highhigh-rise RC building because of its excellent energy absorbing performance. JSCE published recommendations for Multiple Fine CrackCracktype FiberFiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composite (drafts) in March 2007. Comprehensive estimation of the cost by owners considering LCC as well as initial cost will promote the dissemination of ECC.

HighHigh-Ductility Concrete (UFC) UFC with 150 MPa or more strength has been applied to bridges where 1) small member thickness, 2) light weight, 3) small beam depth, 4) no reinforcing bars, are required. UFC has not been applied to main structures in buildings, though R/D studies have been conducted. JSCE published recommendations for Design and Construction of UltraUltra-highhigh-strength FiberFiber-reinforced Concrete (drafts) in September 2004. Cost estimation by owners considering LCC and preparation of law for special materials will promote the dissemination of UFC for building structures.
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Outline Seismicity Background EQ Damage

High-Strength Self-Compacting Fire-Resistance High-Durability

8HSC/HPC Symposium Toshi Center Hotel, Tokyo, October 27 29, 2008

HIGHHIGH-STRENGTH AND HIGHHIGH-PERFORMANCE CONCRETE

2) Seismicity around Japan and EQ Damage 3) Overview of Application of HSC/HPC in Japan

Outline Seismicity Background EQ Damage

High-Strength Self-Compacting Fire-Resistance High-Durability

Outline Seismicity Background EQ Damage

High-Strength Self-Compacting Fire-Resistance High-Durability

JCI Committees on HSC/HPC

HSC/HPC Keynote Lectures

Structural Performance of HSC Structures (2004.4 - 2006.3)

Japan Concrete Institute (JCI)

Utilization of HSC/HPC (2006.4 - 2008.3)

Japan Prestressed Concrete Engineering Association (JPCEA)

HighHigh-Strength Concrete (HSC) HighHigh-Performance Concrete (HPC)

fdration internationale du bton (fib)

Outline Seismicity Background EQ Damage

High-Strength Self-Compacting Fire-Resistance High-Durability

Outline Seismicity High-Strength Self-Compacting Background EQ Damage Fire-Resistance High-Durability

8HSC/HPC Invited Lectures

North America plate Eurasian plate Pacific plate Philippine plate

Seismicity around Japan

Application of High-Strength and HighPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions

Outline Seismicity High-Strength Self-Compacting Background EQ Damage Fire-Resistance High-Durability

Outline Seismicity High-Strength Self-Compacting Background EQ Damage Fire-Resistance High-Durability

North America plate Eurasian plate

1923 Kanto (M7.9) 1948 Fukui (M7.1) 1964 Niigata (M7.5)

Pacific plate Philippine plate

Recent Earthquake Records

Outline Seismicity High-Strength Self-Compacting Background EQ Damage Fire-Resistance High-Durability

Outline Seismicity High-Strength Self-Compacting Background EQ Damage Fire-Resistance High-Durability

Shear failure of short columns

Damage to RC Buildings due to 1968 Tokachi-oki Earthquake Tokachi Tokachi-oki

Damage to SRC/RC Buildings due to 1995 Kobe Earthquake

Outline Seismicity Background EQ Damage

Outline Seismicity Background EQ Damage

Use: Apartment house Height: 204m, No. of story: 59 Concrete: Fc150MPa

A 120MPa Concrete Bridge (Pedestrian Overpass)

Application of HighHigh-Strength and HighHighPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions

Application of High-Strength and HighPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions

Outline Seismicity Background EQ Damage

Fiber-Reinforced Seismic Behavior High-Ductility of B-C Joints

Concluding Concluding Remarks Remarks

Evolution of HighHigh-Strength Materials

Specified design strength

Transition of Number of High-Rise RC Buildings

Transition of Number of HighHigh-Rise RC buildings

Transition of Concrete Strength

Outline Seismicity Background EQ Damage

Outline Seismicity Background EQ Damage

Evolution of HighHigh-Strength Materials

Tensile yield strength

What Made HighRise RC Buildings Possible ? Development of:

Year (end of structural design evaluation)

Transition of Strength of Longitudinal Bars

1972 18 Stories fc fc 30 MPa Small Span frame

2005 59 Stories fc fc 150 MPa Large interior space

Application of HighHigh-Strength and HighHighPerformance Concrete in Seismic Regions

Outline Seismicity Background EQ Damage

Outline Seismicity Background EQ Damage

Why High-Rise RC Building ? High High-Rise

Cost index (%)

Pile plank (70N/mm2)