EU/8081/FwdWin/CP15

The Dynatest Model 8081 Heavy Weight Deflectometer Test System Specifications General
The Heavy Weight Deflectometer Test System (hereafter called the System) shall be a new, currently advertised production model. This model or line of equipment shall specifically have at least five years or more prior assembly, operational, and maintenance experience. A reference list, with complete names, addresses, and telephone numbers of at least 20 different active owner/agencies shall be provided by the manufacturer to ascertain quality assurance, assure non-prototype integrity of equipment model, and to confirm the capacity of the manufacturer to deliver and support HWD equipment exactly to these specifications. The manufacturer of the System shall have a full parts inventory and a well established record of equipment support verifiable through the above reference list. The System shall include all standard equipment advertised, whether or not specifically called for herein, including the manufacturer's standard warranty. The System shall consist of a mechanical/electro hydraulic pavement loading device plus an appropriately matched electronic package for registration of the applied load and deflections, including a hardware/software package for automatic recording and preliminary data processing in the field, as described in the following sections:

Detailed
Trailer: 1. The pavement loading device shall be a trailer mounted Heavy Weight Deflectometer. The unit shall be of durable construction and be stable when towed at highway speeds on normal roads. The trailer shall feature a tandem axle construction, and it shall be equipped with shock absorbers, inertial brakes and handbrake acting on all four wheels. The trailer shall be equipped with rear lights including license plate lights and side marking lights. The trailer dimensions shall not exceed maximums of 4.45 x 1.80 x 1.45 meter (175 x 71 x 57 inches), L x W x H, whether in the transport or the measuring (testing) mode. If so desired and specified at the time of ordering, the front part of the trailer frame shall be made hinged (foldable), to allow for reduction of trailer length to a maximum of 2.70 meter, for less costly shipping by air, to enable shipping by smaller aircraft and for reduced storage area requirements when not in use. The total weight of the pavement loading device and trailer shall not exceed 1,900 kg (4,200 lbs) with full drop weight package (see Section 8 below), and 1,400 kg (3,100 lbs) with the basic drop weight only, not including (optional) generator Power Unit or rear mounted, foldable Warning Sign Assembly (see item 23).

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4.

All metal parts on the pavement loading device, including exposed electric and hydraulic lines, shall be corrosion resistant by either being plated to provide galvanic protection, being made of stainless steel, or painted with quality primer and then quality enamel.

Pavement Loading/Deflection Measurement System: 5. The unit shall be capable of testing in the towing position by automatically lowering and raising the loading plate/falling weight/seismic detector bar subassembly to the pavement surface from automated controls located within the towing vehicle. The automated controls, after lowering the loading plate, shall be capable of running any selected test sequence of any number of drops of the falling weight (typically 3) from any succession or combination of four preselected heights automatically before raising the loading plate. Additional back-up operation controls for the purpose of manually carrying out each step in the test cycle shall also be provided. A single-mass falling weight/buffer subassembly system shall be furnished which directly transfers the full energy of the single falling mass to the loading plate through the proper configuration of buffers to achieve a loading time of 25 to 30 msec, for any falling height. This loading system shall be hydraulically operated and designed so that at least four different configurations of mass may be employed. All mass configurations shall produce a transient load pulse approximately half-sine wave formed and 25 to 30 msec in duration, with a rise time of 10 to 15 msec for any falling height (for all loads). The loading system shall be capable of applying impact loads (of 25 to 30 msec duration) at any peak load magnitude in the range of 30 kN to 240 kN (6,500 lbf to 54,000 lbf). The drop weights shall be constructed so that the falling weight/buffer subassembly may be changed between falling masses of 200 kg, 300 kg, 500 kg, and 700 kg. The buffers shall be constructed so as to maintain the correct loading time of 25 to 30 msec. Each of these falling weight/buffer combinations shall be constructed so as to be capable of releasing the weight from a variable height, such that peak load ranges for the four specified masses are producible as shown in the following table: Drop Weight Mass 200 kg ( 440 lbm) 300 kg ( 660 lbm) 500 kg (1,100 lbm) 700 kg (1,540 lbm) 9. Approx. (Peak) Loading Range 25 to 30 msec time of loading 30 kN - 70 kN ( 6,600 15,000 lbf) 40 kN - 105 kN ( 8,800 23,000 lbf) 70 kN - 170 kN (15,000 37,000 lbf) 90 kN - 240 kN (20,000 54,000 lbf)

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The system shall be capable of carrying out a typical complete test sequence, consisting of the automated sequence initiation from within the towing vehicle which activates the lowering of the loading plate/falling weight/seismic detector

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bar subassembly to the surface being tested, running (e.g.) three (3) test loads of 180 kN (40,000 lbf) each with the 700 kg drop weight configuration, and raising the subassembly to the transport position again, all within a period of 50 seconds or less. 10. The loading subassembly and the falling weight shall be operated by hydraulic cylinders, pressurized by a hydraulic pump, and driven by a high efficiency 12V DC motor. In the transport position, all cylinder shafts shall be in their innermost (closed) position to protect them from dirt, corrosion, etc. The loading subassembly shall be equipped with hydraulically operated, Automated Transport Locks, which will lock automatically the subassembly after each raising of the loading plate. The pavement loading device shall be equipped with a mechanical jacking device so that the loading plate/falling weight/seismic detector bar subassembly may be raised for removal of the equipment from the roadway in an emergency, e.g. if the electro-hydraulic system fails. Two different sizes of loading plates shall be provided, one being 300 mm in diameter and one being 450 mm in diameter. The System shall include a load cell, which is capable of accurately measuring the force that is applied perpendicular to the loading plate. The resolution of the load cell shall be 1 kPa or better (36 lbf with the 450 mm plate). The force may be expressed in terms of pressure, as a function of loading plate size. The System shall provide a minimum of nine (9), optionally up to fifteen (15) deflection sensing transducers (hereafter called "deflectors"), providing nine (9), optionally up to fifteen (15) separate and electronically discrete deflection measurements per test. The System Electronics shall always provide fifteen (15) separate deflection measuring channels, making an upgrade to more than nine (9) discrete deflection measurements per test possible by only adding more deflectors. The deflection sensing transducers (hereafter called "deflectors") shall be seismic velocity transducers, such that the peak magnitudes of deflection are obtained from an inertial reference system through a single integration technique. For maximum calibration accuracy and stability, this integration and any subsequent signal processing shall be performed digitally, i.e. no analogue electronic circuits may be used for integration or frequency response compensation. The direct, buffered output from the deflectors shall be digitized by an Analogue-to-Digital converting circuitry with 16-bit resolution or better. Each of the deflection channels shall be sampled 20 times per millisecond, irrespective of the number of active channels. One (1) of the deflectors shall measure the deflection of the pavement surface through the centre of the loading plate, while the eight (8), optionally up to fourteen (14) remaining deflectors shall be capable of being positioned along a raise/lower bar, up to a distance of 2.45 m (8 ft) from the centre of the loading plate. I:\BD_Division\giveaways\EU specs\HWDspecsEU-CP15-061202-lkh.doc Page 3 of 9

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All deflector holders shall be spring loaded, ensuring good contact between the deflectors and the surface being tested. The deflectors shall be easily removable from their holders for exchange and for calibration purposes, and shall be robust, reasonably trouble-free, and capable of withstanding typical field conditions. A Rear deflector extension bar shall be included, and a Transverse deflector extension bar shall be optionally available which can accommodate at least two of the deflectors (rear extension only) to a distance of at least 450 mm (1.5 ft) rearward from the centre of the load plate or up to four deflectors 300 mm (1 ft) transverse (i.e. two on each side) plus up to two at least 450 mm (1.5 ft) rearward from the centre of the load plate (rear/transverse deflector extension). 15. The electronic measuring and processing of the applied load and corresponding deflections shall be capable of recording the peak values to a typical relative accuracy of 1% of reading + or - 1 digit and an reference accuracy of 2% of reading + or - 2 digits (with the load expressed in terms of pressure in kilonewtons per square meter (kPa) and the deflections in microns (m x 10-6), all measured and recorded simultaneously). Deflection reading resolution shall be user selectable to one (1) micron (0.00004 inches) or 0.1 micron. All measured load and deflection data shall be displayed for comparison purposes (e.g. repeatability), and no "averaging" or semi-frequent data anomalies shall occur. Equipment accuracy shall remain stable and verification shall not be required on a frequent basis (regardless of type of test sites, changes in deflector distances, etc.) Ongoing user verification of original guaranteed deflection specifications shall be provided in the form of a relative/dynamic field calibration verification procedure in which a minimum of nine (9) of the deflectors are placed into a mechanical columnar device to obtain comparative relative calibration verification of the deflectors at any distance from the load up to a distance of at least 2.45 meters (8 ft) to ensure that all deflectors give the same data output within specification tolerances, at large as well as small deflection levels, and both close to and far from the loading plate under actual FWD loading conditions. The accuracy stability shall remain as specified regardless of the pavement materials upon which testing is carried out (e.g. shall not require electrical deflector gain or other physical modification or "recalibration" from one pavement type to another i.e. the equipment shall not be "site dependent"), nor shall it be influenced by changes in the deflector distances from the centre of the load (i.e. "distance dependent") within the specifications shown. Due to guaranteed equipment stability, verification procedures shall only be necessary on an infrequent basis (e.g. semi-annually, or once per month maximum for research use), and shall not retard or interfere with normal testing operations. 17. 17. The capability of generating and storing a digitized record of the analogue load vs. time and analogue deflection(s) vs. time history of each test sequence shall be provided in the software package offered with the System, and plotting of this data shall be user selectable at the time of testing. Irrespective of

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the number of active channels, (1 load plus up to 15 deflectors) the sample rate shall be 320 kHz min., i.e. 20 samples per millisecond per channel, and each and every sample shall have the same resolution as the peak value. 18. Both the electronic registration equipment and the electro hydraulic loading device shall be powered only by the nominal 12V DC power supply of the existing or an additional alternator of the towing vehicle's engine, or from an optional stand-alone, trailer mounted power generator unit, and it must be able to operate under any stable input power supply of between 11.0 and 14.5 V DC.

Data Recording System: 19. The System shall include an up-to-date laptop or notebook PC with all software and hardware necessary to conduct full control of the testing operations from the computer keyboard. The computer shall include a display, a field-worthy magnetic storage medium and a CD-ROM drive. The system will record data from field testing, keyed-in site identification information, time, pavement condition, wheel path, sensor spacing, loading plate size, etc., and also completely monitor all electrical sensors, hydraulic status sensors, voltages, and instrument ranges throughout the System. The computer/software system shall automatically warn the equipment operator of error conditions in both data output and equipment operations. It shall also display the troubleshooting procedures for any error conditions displayed or determined. Selectable test checking of data output, including check of decreasing deflections at each drop, excessive deflection (e.g., exceeding deflector electrical range), exceeding user input percentage of variation of load/deflections per sequence of drops, will be supplied. The standard System Software shall be capable of handling up to fifteen (15) deflection channels simultaneously, and it shall utilize a 320 kHz minimum sampling rate (see Section 17 above). The sampling window length (i.e. the sampling period) shall be user controllable between 40 msec. and 120 msec. The standard System Software shall be capable of performing load sensing or deflection sensing, that is, based on previous drops, the drop height shall be automatically adjusted to obtain a desired load (or deflection) level (including any drop height between the 4 pre-adjusted, fixed drop heights). The System Software shall be designed to operate as a native program in the Windows 2000 or XP environment on the system computer. The System Software shall be GUI (Graphical User Interface) based and allow flexible layout and resizable windows. The GUI shall provide for display of normal operator/equipment interface functions such as setup, test location, file storage and data display as well as distance display (large and resizable), optional Geographic Position Data (GPS or DGPS), thermometer displays, time history plot, surface modulus plot and optional video camera display on the actual testing screen. Both voice and text feedback for error and warning messages shall be present in the software. Language support capability shall be provided. The System Software shall allow data storage in backwards-compatible ASCII file formats as well as advanced formats to include PDDX, XML, and MDB (Microsoft Data Base) formats. These I:\BD_Division\giveaways\EU specs\HWDspecsEU-CP15-061202-lkh.doc Page 5 of 9

data formats shall be selectable by the user. The System Software shall track and log any changes to the primary program and equipment parameters. In addition the operator shall be able to retrieve roadway network information from the field Software, by accessing database information using the System Software. The System Software shall be able to run in a Simulator Mode (with or without having the pavement loading device, etc., connected), being able to simulate all System functions, making it usable for detailed operation training/demonstration on the System microcomputer or on any other compatible PC, e.g., in the office. The file format of the software shall be compatible and directly accessible automatically to the (optionally available) Dynatest ELMOD mechanistic analysis (newest version) programs with no manual entry required. These programs, using the HWD file load and deflection data plus user supplied layer thicknesses and traffic data, shall be able to estimate the non-linear response of the subgrade, calculate the E-moduli of up to four (4) pavement layers (both flexible and rigid), determine joint transfer, as well as assess seasonal variation in the E-moduli, predict future failure, and recommend overlay thickness if needed, based on user-defined material damage relationships and climatic variations, as well as additional calculations useful in the mechanistic analysis of pavements, for each point tested, using the deflection basin data as recorded in the HWD file format. Analysis programs shall be fully documented. A lite version of backcalculation software shall be provided in the field System Software for use during real time data collection. This software shall allow quick preliminary FWD/HWD data analysis and calculate as a minimum layer moduli and depth to rigid layer. Capability of plotting surface and layer moduli shall be presented in real time for viewing. 20. The software provided for checking and editing of field data shall be fully compatible with the chosen computer. Also, prior to dropping of the weight, a "dummy" measurement shall be performed automatically to insure that the load/deflection signals are at, and stay at, zero level, i.e., that background noise and/or signal drift does not exceed a pre-adjustable (preset) level within the measuring or sampling period. Also, deflection data shall be monitored so that deflection data shall not fail to decrease with increasing distance from the load without warning. A trigger device shall be furnished which activates the sensing equipment immediately prior to initial impact of the falling mass in order to insure proper registration of the actual quantities of load and deflection, to the accuracy specified in Section 15. If any error is present or forthcoming in these values during testing, such an error shall be detectable from the display prior to release of the falling mass. The operator shall have the option of displaying the peak load magnitude for either load plate as both force and pressure in either Metric units or English units as follows: kilonewtons and kilonewtons per meter squared (kN/m2) which is kiloPascal (kPa), or pounds (lbf) and pounds per inch squared (psi), and deflection

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in either millionths of a meter (microns) or thousandths of an inch (mils). All load and deflection data will always be magnetically stored in kN/m2 and microns, and optionally in lbf, psi and mils as well.

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Optional Hardware: 23. Additional optional sensing features/accessory hardware shall be available from the manufacturer at an additional price. Options listed below include: Increased Loading Range - Additional hardware to obtain a 35 300kN Loading Range, with 20 30msec. loading time. A Transverse Extension Bar - with four deflector holders for measurements on rigid pavements. Together with the standard Rear Extension Bar, this facilitates testing of corners and joints at the same time. See also item 14 above. Hinged (Foldable) Trailer - for reduction of trailer length for e.g. (air) transport and storage purposes. See also item 2 above. Segmented Loading Plate - a 300 mm diameter "split" (4-segment) plate assembly shall be optionally available for improved contact on rutted surfaces. Video System - compact hardware designed for operator assistance in PCC joint testing and equipment operation monitoring, when using the Rear Extension Bar and/or the Transverse Extension Bar (see item 14 above). The video system shall be available with a digital video camera, designed and mounted for shock resistance, and interfaced to the system computer or to a separate video monitor. Automated Distance Measuring Device (DMI) - measurements taken by this DMI shall be integrated into the FWD computer operations program which shall display the station number with enlarged, re-sizable digits on the computer screen and magnetically store the station number along with the other FWD data (deflections, load, temperatures, time, etc.). The DMI features shall include bi-directional (up/down) counting, six-digit display, count hold, display hold and multiple measurement unit selection. Automated GPS Unit - for absolute location determination from satellite transmitted Geographical Positioning data, with a typ. error of 5m max. Automated Differential GPS Unit - for absolute location determination from satellite transmitted Geographical Positioning data, with a typ. error of 1m max. Automated Air Temperature Probe - directly feeding ambient (air) temperature data into the Field Program. The probe may also be used for manually taking and entering the asphalt temperature. Automated, non-contact Infra-Red Temperature Transmitter - will automatically monitor and store the pavement SURFACE temperature ONLY. A custom built, gasoline driven Power Unit (12VDC, 90A) - for vehicle I:\BD_Division\giveaways\EU specs\HWDspecsEU-CP15-061202-lkh.doc Page 8 of 9

independent powering. Mountable on the FWD/HWD trailer. Not required or recommended if the system is set up and used only with a dedicated tow vehicle. Rear-mounted, foldable Warning Sign Assembly with two amber warning lights - for increased safety. Documentation: 24. Two (2) complete sets of User and Maintenance Manuals shall be provided by the manufacturer which include a complete set of drawings, parts list and detailed schematic diagrams for both the electrical and hydraulic systems, except the chosen computer and any proprietary Printed Circuit Boards, for all equipment so that the purchaser will be able to operate and maintain the System properly. All proprietary Electronic Modules shall be available on short notice from the manufacturer as replacement parts, and they shall be readily interchangeable. The System described in the foregoing Sections shall conform in all respects to the Specification and Stipulations brought forth therein.

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2006-12-02 Subject to change without notice.

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