NearIy 73% nI the cnuntry's tntaI instaIIed pnwer generatinn capacity is thermaI nI

which cnaI-based generatinn is 90%. 5nme 85 thermaI pnwer statinns, besides severaI
captive pnwer pIants use bituminnus and sub-bituminnus cnaI and prnduce Iarge
quantities nI IIy ash. High ash cnntent (30% - 50%) cnaI cnntributes tn these Iarge vnIumes
nI IIy ash. The cnuntry's dependence nn cnaI Inr pnwer generatinn has unchanged.
Thus IIy ash management is a cause nI cnncern Inr the Iuture.
FLY A8H - Problem & Management Aspects
TabIe-I
Cnnstituent Percentage Range (%)
SiIica (SiO
2
) 49-67
AIumina (AI
2
O
3
) 16-29
Iron Oxidc (Ic
2
O
3
) 4-10
CaIcium Oxidc (CaO) 1-4
Magncsium Oxidc (MgO) 0.2-2
SuIphur (SO
3
) 0.1-2
Ioss of Ignilion 0.5-3
Thc WorId Bank has caulioncd India lhal by 2015,
disposaI of coaI ash wouId rcquirc 1000 sq. km. of Iand.
Sincc coaI currcnlIy accounls for 70 of powcr produclion
in lhc counlry, lhcrc is a nccd of ncw and innovalivc
mclhods for rcducing impacls on lhc cnvironmcnl.
Thc probIcm wilh fIy ash Iics in lhc facl lhal nol
onIy docs ils disposaI rcquirc Iargc quanlilics of Iand, walcr
and cncrgy, ils finc parlicIcs, if nol managcd wcII, can
bccomc airbornc. CurrcnlIy 90 miIIion loncs of fIy ash is
bcing gcncralcd annuaIIy in India, wilh 65000 acrcs of Iand
bcing occupicd by ash ponds. Such a hugc quanlily dosc
posc chaIIcnging probIcms, in lhc form of Iand usc, hcaIlh
hazards and cnvironmcnlaI damagcs. IIy ash is aIso a raw
malcriaI for diffcrcnl induslrics. Somc of major appIicalion
arcas of fIy ash arc: Ccmcnl manufacluring, parl
rcpIaccmcnl of ccmcnl in morlar and concrclc, road &
cmbankmcnl conslruclion, dykc raising, slrucluraI fiII for
rccIaiming Iow Iying arcas, hydrauIic slruclurcs, slowing
malcriaI for mincs, agricuIluraI & forcslry and olhcr
mcdium & high vaIuc addcd producls Iikc liIcs, painls,
Iighl wcighl aggrcgalc, cxlraclion of aIumina, ccnosphcrcs,
bricks clc.
November 05-January 06 Vol-3 No-1
IIy ash as a malcriaI is siIiccous or aIuminous wilh
pozzoIanic propcrlics. Il is rcfraclory and aIkaIinc in
nalurc, having fincncss in lhc rangc of 3000-6000 sq. km
/ gm. SiIica, mclaI and has mclaI oxidcs, suIphur arc lhc
main conslilucnls of fIy ash (Scc TabIc I).
8tate of the Environment, Orissa : Flyash Management
2
Hazards:
By virluc of ils physicaI characlcrislics and shccr
voIumcs gcncralcd, fIy ash poscs probIcms Iikc:
- Il is a vcry difficuIl malcriaI lo handIc in dry slalc
bccausc il is vcry finc and rcadiIy airbornc cvcn in
miId wind.
- Il dislurbs lhc ccoIogy of lhc rcgion, bcing a sourcc
of soiI, air and walcr poIIulion.
- Iong inhaIalion of fIy ash causcs siIicosis, fibrosis of
Iungs, bronchilis, pncumonilis clc.
- IIying finc parlicIcs of ash poscs probIcms for
pcopIc Iiving ncar powcr slalions, corrodc slrucluraI
surfaccs and affccl horlicuIlurc.
TabIe-II
UtiIisatinn nI FIy ash in ThermaI Pnwer PIants nI Orissa during 2004-05:
Namc of lhc Quanlily ash DisposaI mclhod Brick making SuppIicd lo Induslry Iand Lmbankmcnl Olhcr Iurposcs
IIanl gcncralcd (Tonnc) Olhcr Agcncy fiIIing Dykc raising (Tonnc)
MiIIion (Tonnc) (Tonnc) (Tonnc) (Tonnc)
NAICO, 2.14 Wcl disposaI 1200 67459 - 47580 400 in
AnguICII, Ash pond AgricuIlurc
IB ThcrmaI 0.876 Wcl disposaI 617 67260 935 80102
Iowcr Ash pond
Indian 0.189 Dry ash disposaI 7562 2491 123855 - 55299
AIuminium (Ccmcnl ash Mound
Company Induslrics)
Ild.,Hirakud
ICCI, 0.31 By dumpcrs NiI NiI - NiI 310332
Cullack (Dry disposaI) (RccIamalion
on waslc and
dcgradcd Iand)
NTIC,AnguI 4.62 Wcl disposaI 28735 19054 733059 207613 12991 ash
ash pond bascd producls
TaIchcr 0.977 Abandoncd 5476 55863 - 78000 5275 ash bascd
ThcrmaI Minc pil producls 59059
Iowcr minc backfiIIing
Slalion,
AnguI
RourkcIa 0.21 Wcl disposaI Wcl disposaI - 8400 - -
SlccI IIanl
(CII-I)
- LvcnluaI scllIcmcnl of fIy ash parlicIcs ovcr many
hcclarcs of Iand in lhc vicinily of powcr slalion
brings aboul pcrccplibIc dcgcncralion in soiI
characlcrislics.
IrcscnlIy aboul 100 miIIion lonncs of fIy ash is gcncralcd
from lhcrmaI powcr unils in India. Il is cslimalcd lhal
by lhc cnd of lhc lcnlh pIan pcriod (March 2007) an
addilionaI 124000 MW of powcr scclor cxpansion wiII
bc rcquircd in India lo mccl lhc rising cncrgy dcmand.
Though lhc slalc of Orissa is nol lhickIy induslriaIizcd,
lhc fIy ash gcncralion in lhc slalc is lo lhc lunc of 93
Iakh loncs pcr annum (TabIc II). Wilh 40 odd MOU is
dcsigncd for furlhcr induslriaI dcvcIopmcnl lhc
quanlum of fIy ash gcncralion wiII incrcasc in lhc fulurc.
3
As far as lhcrmaI powcr scclors in Orissa is conccrncd
aboul 22.6 of fIy ash is bcing uliIizcd. This lrcnd in fulurc
may rcquirc Iargc amounl of Iand arca for disposaI of fIy
ash. Somc Induslrics havc madc lhcir own largcls lo uliIizc
100 ash in fulurc.
Current FIy Ash DispnsaI Practices and
EIIects:
Al lhcrmaI powcr pIanls, fIy ash is gcncraIIy coIIcclcd /
disposcd off by using wcl or dry syslcms. In cascs whcrc
fIy ash coIIcclion syslcms arc nol vcry cfficicnl, a porlion
of il cscapcs inlo lhc almosphcrc causing cnvironmcnlaI
poIIulion. In lhc wcl syslcm, fIy ash is mixcd wilh walcr &
sIuiccd lo scllIing ponds or dumping arcas ncar lhc pIanl.
Bcing chcapcr lhan any olhcr manncr of fIy ash rcmovaI,
il is lhc widcIy uscd mclhod in India.
LIcclroslalic prccipilalion is lhc mosl popuIar and widcIy
uscd mclhod of cmission conlroI loday, which cnabIcs
coIIcclion of dry fIy ash. Aflcr arrcsling lhc fIy ash in LSI,
il is lhan lransporlcd lo siIos lhrough suclion or by
prcssurizcd air. Whcn rcquircd, lhis can bc oblaincd in lhc
conlaincr for furlhcr lransporlalion dircclIy from lhc siIos
lhrough chulcs al lhc bollom or lo lhc dcIivcry poinl by
pipcIinc using vacuum suclion or prcssurizcd air.
FIy ash utiIizatinn in India:
No singIc uliIizalion hcId lhc polcnliaI lo providc a soIulion
lo lhc mammolh lask of safc disposaI and gainfuI
uliIizalion of fIy ash. A numbcr of appIicalions is rcquircd
lo bc simuIlancousIy dcmonslralcd lo incrcasc lhc
pcrccnlagc uliIizalion and cnvironmcnlaIIy safc pracliccs
of fIy ash disposaI. Today fIy ash uliIizalion has incrcascd
13 of lhc lolaI gcncralion. Thcrc is grcalcr acccplancc of
fIy ash producls & appIicalions.
(a) FIy Ash Bricks
Inslilulcs Iikc IITS and TLRI, Govcrnmcnl agcncics
Iikc CIWD, HUDCO and somc of privalc agcncics
havc acccplcd lo usc of fIy ash bricks in
conslruclion. InslilulionaI acccplancc of fIy ash
bricks as a rcsuIl of confidcncc buiIding aclivilics
of fIy ash mission has lriggcrcd lhc acccplancc of
fIy ash bricks by morc and morc uscr agcncics.
(b) FIy Ash Cement / FIy Ash as a part
repIacement nI cement:
Usc of fIy ash as a parl rcpIaccmcnl of ccmcnl in
morlar and concrclc is bcing incrcascd.
Manufaclurc and usc of fIy ash ccIIuIar concrclc
has slarlcd al chcnnai. Ccmcnl Manufaclurc's
associalion (CMA) and associalion of Rcady Mix
Concrclc (RMC)
havc shown inlcrcsl lo work aIong wilh IIy Ash
Mission lo cnhancc lhc usc of fIy ash in ccmcnl and
RMC.
(c) Rnads & Embankments:
Usc of fIy ash in lhc conslruclion of roads and
cmbankmcnls has bccn succcssfuIIy dcmonslralcd
in lhc counlry. Thc Minislry of Surfacc Transporl
and CIWD havc in principIc acccplcd lhc usc of fIy
ash and havc cIcarcd / cxcculcd fcw projccls.
(d) Ash Pnnd Dykes:
Usc of fIy ash for conslruclion of fIy ash pond
dykcs has slarlcd gclling widcr acccplancc. Morc
ash dykcs arc bcing conslruclcd wilh fIy ash
rcsuIling in rcduccd dcmand of Iand for fIy ash
disposaI.
(e) 5tructuraI FiII / RecIamatinn nI Inw
Iying areas:
Usc of fIy ash as a slrucluraI fiII malcriaI for
rccIaiming Iow-Iying arcas has aIso slarlcd gclling
acccplancc by lhc uscrs.
(I) 5tnwing MateriaI Inr Mine IiII:
Usc of fIy ash as a minc fiII malcriaI has bccn
dcmonslralcd by NTIC & MoLI al lwo silcs. Il has
bccomc onc of lhc possibIc aIlcrnalivcs lo bc
considcrcd by various agcncics.
(g) Mine pit dispnsaI nI IIy ash in Orissa:
A fcasibiIily sludy for ash disposaI in abandoncd
minc pil was conduclcd by CcnlraI Minc IIanning
and Dcsigning Inslilulc (CMIDI) foIIowcd by
hydroIogicaI invcsligalion and cnvironmcnlaI
impacl asscssmcnl sludy for disposaI of ash in
Soulh BaIanda Opcn Casl Irojccl of Orissa. Thc
sludy indicalcd lhal lhc ash disposaI in lhc minc
voids of Soulh BaIanda is nol IikcIy lo posc any
significanl cnvironmcnlaI risk. On lhc basis of lhc
sludy, M/s TTIS (NTIC) aIIowcd lo dischargc lhcir
ash sIurry inlo lhc minc voids of Soulh BaIanda.
Thc Slalc IoIIulion ConlroI Board coordinalcd wilh
MCI and lhc powcr gcncraling unils of lhc slalc
agrccd lo handovcr lhc abandoncd minc pil for
ash disposaI. In lhis way MCI offcrcd lhc
abandoncd pil of Bharalpur Opcn Casl Irojccl for
disposaI ash of NAICO (CII) and Soulh BaIanda
for disposaI of ash gcncralcd from TaIchcr ThcrmaI
Iowcr Slalion. CurrcnlIy TTIS is carrying fIy ash
sIurry lhrough a pipcIinc of aboul 9 km. lo lhc
abandoncd minc pil.
4
LeachabiIity study nI IIy ash- Il is a common
fcar of IcachabiIily of lracc mclaIs inlo lhc
undcrground walcr duc lo disposaI of fIy ash in lhc
abandoncd minc pils. To dclcrminc lhc mobiIily of
lracc mclaIs from fIy ash ccnlraI Minc IIanning &
Dcsign Inslilulc, Ranchi has conduclcd a survcy in
Orissa lhis rcgard. Thcy concIudcd lhal lhc Icaching
of lracc mclaIs from coaI ash wiII nol poIIulc lhc
undcrground / surfacc walcr sourccs as aII loxic
cIcmcnls arc prcscnl in conccnlralion Icss lhan lhc
Iimils prcscribcd by Burcau of Indian Slandards.
(h) AgricuIturaI AppIicatinn:
Usc of fIy ash in agricuIluraI appIicalions has bccn
wcII dcmonslralcd and has bccn acccplcd by a
Iargc numbcr of farmcrs. This usc is picking up in
Karnalaka, TamiInadu, Wcsl BcngaI and Madhya
Iradcsh and for waslcIand rccIamalion in Ullar
Iradcsh.
Gnvernment IeveI Initiatives Inr IIy ash
utiIizatinn:
Aparl from lhc lcchnoIogicaI rcscarch and dcvcIopmcnl
cffcclcd by TIIs, acadcmic and R&D inslilulions, various
dcparlmcnls and Minislrics of lhc Govcrnmcnl of India
havc lakcn inilialivcs in lhc arca of fIy ash uliIizalion.
Somc of lhc main inilialivcs arc:
- Minislry of Lnvironmcnl & Iorcsl, Govl. of India
has broughl oul a Gazcllc Nolificalion for
rcslricling lhc usc of fIy ash in buiIding malcriaIs
and conslruclion aclivily. Thc nolificalion makcs
il mandalory lo usc al Icasl 25 ash (fIy ash,
bollom ash or pond ash) in manufaclurc of cIay
bricks, bIocks or liIcs wilhin a radius of 50 km
from coaI or Iignilc bascd lhcrmaI powcr pIanls.
As pcr lhc nolificalion cvcry lhcrmaI powcr pIanl
has lo makc ash avaiIabIc wilhoul any paymcnl
for lhc purposc of manufacluring ash bascd
producls such as ccmcnls, brick, bIocks, roads,
cmbankmcnl clc. al Icasl for lcn ycars. AII coaI-
bascd powcr pIanls havc lo cvoIvc an aclion
pIan uliIizalion of ash produccd.
- Thc IWDs, IocaI dcvcIopmcnl and housing
aulhorilics as wcII as NalionaI Highway Aulhorily
of India arc dircclcd lo prcscribc usc of ash & ash
bascd producls in lhcir rcspcclivc schcduIcs of
spccificalions and codcs of pracliccs clc.
- To cncouragc produclion and usc of fIy ash bascd
producls Govl. of India has wilhdrawn 8 cxcisc
duly imposcd carIicr on such producls. Now, no
cxcisc duly shaII bc Icvicd on manufaclurc of
goods in which a minimum of 25 fIy ash is uscd.
SimiIarIy for imporl of capilaI goods (machincry,
cquipmcnl clc.) of ccrlain kind uscd for
manufaclurc of fIy ash producls, addilionaI
cuslom duly has bccn cxcmplcd.
- Slalc Govcrnmcnls of Orissa, Rajaslhan, Andhra
Iradcsh, TamiI Nadu, Iunjab havc announccd
various schcmcs / mcasurcs lo promolc fIy ash
uliIizalion. Govl. of Orissa has cxcmplcd fIy ash
brick and olhcr producls from saIcs lax. A
scparalc ccII lo promolc fIy ash has bccn crcalcd
in fcw slalcs.
- Thc NalionaI Housing poIicy (1998) by lhc
Minislry of Urban DcvcIopmcnl and subscqucnl
drafl poIicy documcnls Iay slrcss on promolion
of Iow cosl buiIding malcriaIs which incIudc fIy
ash. BuiIding malcriaIs and TcchnoIogy
promolion CounciI (BMTIC) in 1990, undcr lhc
acgis of Minislry of Urban dcvcIopmcnl as an
inlcr minislcriaI apcx organizalion has bccn
invoIvcd in coordinaling wilh various IWD
schcduIcs, prcparalion of lcchnoIogy profiIcs for
various fIy ash bascd producls, providing inpuls
lowards lcchnoIogy scanning, fixing of Iand rcnl,
poIicy rcvicw clc.
- A ccnlraIIy sponsorcd schcmc caIIcd NalionaI
Nclwork of BuiIding ccnlcrs was Iaunchcd in
1988-89 lhrough HUDCO.
- HUDCO and NHB arc cxlcnding financiaI supporl
lo promolc induslriaI unils for produclion of
buiIding malcriaIs bascd on fIy ash.
- A fIy ash mission has bccn conslilulcd wilh
dcparlmcnl of Scicncc and TcchnoIogy (TIIAC)
as lhc nodaI agcncy and in coordinalion wilh
Minislry of Lnvironmcnl & Iorcsls and Minislry
of Iowcr. AnnuaI NalionaI Award for fIy ash has
bccn givcn lo lhc lhcrmaI powcr pIanls, fIy ash
bascd producls manufaclurcs, cnd uscrs of fIy
ash / ils producls, R & D and faciIilalors.
- Indian Road Congrcss (IRC) havc issucd
GuidcIincs (SI- 58) for usc of ash as fiII malcriaI
in Road Lmbankmcnls (March 2001)
- Indian Road Congrcss (IRC) has pubIishcd RuraI
Roads ManuaI whcrcin various mclhods of
uliIizalion of ash in roads and cmbankmcnl
conslruclion arc covcrcd. (Icb. 2002)
5
- As pcr Burcau of Indian Slandards (BIS) fIy ash
up lo 35 by wcighl can bc uscd in manufaclurc
of IorlIand IozzoIana Ccmcnl (IIC).
- IS 456-2000: Codc of praclicc for pIain and
rcinforccd concrclc aIIows usc of fIy ash (up lo
35 ) as a ccmcnlalions conlcnl in concrclc
(whcrc OIC is uscd).
5uccess 5tnries nn FIy Ash UtiIizatinn
1. Lmbankmcnls of fIy ovcr bridgcs in DcIhi, roads
al Raichur, DcIhi, KoIkala, Dadri, Ramagundam
and Vishakhapalnam havc bccn conslruclcd using
fIy ash.
2. Thc conslruclion of firsl dam in India using RoIIcr
Compaclcd Concrclc (RCC) lcchnoIogy wilh high
doscs of fIy ash has bccn slarlcd ncar Nasik undcr
Ghalghar pumpcd sloragc schcmc of Irrigalion
Dcparlmcnl, Govl. of Maharashlra. ApproximalcIy
60-70 ccmcnl is bcing rcpIaccd by fIy ash. Thrcc
dams wouId bc conslruclcd undcr lhis projccl using
RCC lcchnoIogy wilh high doscs of fIy ash, which
incIudcs a major dam of hcighl aboul 90 m.
3. Supporlcd by CRRI and lhc fIy ash mission, IWD,
DcIhi look up lhc usc of fIy ash for conslruclion of
lhc Nijamuddin Bridgc cmbankmcnl, DcIhi Vidyul
Board (DVB) agrccd lo suppIy 1-5 Iakh m
3
of pond
ash for lhc projccl. Il is cslimalcd lhal lhcrc is a
dirccl cosl saving of around 30-40 in road
cmbankmcnls of fIy ash is uscd inslcad of soiI.
4. A dykc conslruclcd wilh fIy ash al Kobra ThcrmaI
powcr Slalion.
5. Ior lhc firsl limc in India usc of pond ash in undcr
ground minc slowing in working pancI has bccn
succcssfuIIy dcmonslralcd. ApproximalcIy 10000
Cum pond ash has bccn slowcd in lhc undcr
ground minc IK-I of Singcrcni CoIIicrics Company
Ild. (SCCI), Manuguru arca from a caplivc
ThcrmaI Iowcr Slalion of Hcavy Walcr IIanl
(Dcparlmcnl of Alomic Lncrgy) al Manuguru,
Andhra Iradcsh. Thc projccl has bccn
impIcmcnlcd by CcnlraI Mining and Rcscarch
Inslilulc, Dhanbad. SimiIar projccl is aIso going on
al Wcslcrn CoaIficId Ild. (WCI), Chandrapur.
6. IIy ash has bccn uscd for IandfiII and Lmbankmcnl
Conslruclion in DcIhi mclro.
7. IIy ash usc in road works.
5I. Name nI the Prnect TntaI quantity nI
Nn IIy ash prnpnsed
tn be used
(i) Km 8-2 lo km 29.3 100000 Cum
of NH-1in DcIhi
(ii) HaIdia porl conncclivily 1180000 Cum
projccl-4 Iaming
of NH-41 from km 0
lo km 52.7
(iii) Km 470 lo km 335000 Cum
483-33 & km 0 lo
km 380of NH-2
in U.I.
(iv) 4/6 Iaming of NH-6 3234623 Cum
in WB from km
17.6 lo km 72
(v) 4/6 Iaming of NH-6 321300 Cum
in WB from km 72.
0 lo km 132.45
(vi) Dungapur Lxprcssway 900000 Cum
(vii) AIIahabad Bypass 6732000 Cum
on NH-2
8. Lxpcrimcnls wcrc conduclcd wilh fIy ash from
TTIS, TaIchcr, Orissa lo dclcrminc ils appIicabiIily
for soiI amcndmcnl, waslcIand managcmcnl and
agricuIluraI crops. Thc cxpcrimcnl was conduclcd
by KhaIIikolc CoIIcgc, Bcrhampur wilh lhc hcIp of
lhc carsl whiIc Orissa Lnvironmcnl programmc
(OLI) undcr IndoNorwcgian Coopcralion
(NORAD).
9. IIy ash is aIso uliIizcd for manufaclurc of
conslruclion malcriaIs Iikc Iighl wcighl aggrcgalcs,
aIumina and ccmcnl cIinkcrs. A rcscarch on lhis
was conduclcd by RcgionaI Rcscarch Iaboralory
(RRI), Bhubancswar, Orissa undcr OLI.
10. IromolionaI inccnlivc for fIy ash bricks was inilialcd
by Orissa RcncwabIc Lncrgy DcvcIopmcnl Agcncy
(ORLDA), Bhubancswar, undcr OLI. In ordcr lo
gcncralc awarcncss among lhc pubIic for usc of fIy
ash bricks, a numbcr of promolionaI aclivilics wcrc
bcing undcrlakcn. Iurlhcr, undcr NORAD'S
assislancc, saIcs Iinkcd inccnlivc up lo Rs. 30/- for
cvcry 100 fIy ash bricks soId was givcn lo
cnlrcprcncur during firsl phasc of sclling up fIy
ash brick unil.
6
11. As many as fifly smaII-scaIc fIy ash brick induslrics
havc comc up in Orissa undcr fIy ash uliIizalion
programmc undcr OLI.
12. CcnlraI IucI Rcscarch Inslilulc, Dhanbad has
impIcmcnlcd a projccl on hugc appIicalion of fIy
ash in afforcslalion work in lhc waslc Iand & vacanl
Iand of Mahanadi CoaIficId Ild. al TaIchcr and Ib
vaIIcy arca in Orissa.
FIy ash utiIizatinn in Orissa
TTIS, TaIchcr (1999-2005)
TolaI ash gcncralion = 5181000 lonncs
givcn in suppIying ash lo ccmcnl pIanls. Thc pcrccnl
uliIizalion of fIy ash in Orissa is shown in piclurc-1.
Though ash uliIizalion in minc void fiIIing has nol bccn
adoplcd by lhc lhcrmaI powcr pIanls in Orissa, TTIS has
slarlcd disposaI of ash in }agannalh minc of MCI on lriaI
basis. Howcvcr oplimum uliIizalion ash lhrough minc void
fiIIing by High Conccnlralion SIurry DisposaI (HCSD)
Syslcm may provc a pIausibIc soIulion lo lhc fIy ash
managcmcnl in lhc slalc. (Scc box for advanlagcs of HCSD)
Advantages nI HC5D
- Transfcrs high conccnlralcd ash sIurry.
- Lnsurcs dry disposaI.
- Rcquircs Icss disposaI spacc duc lo dry
slacking & high-dcnsily dcposil.
- Docs nol rcquirc a Iargc ash dykc.
- No walcr poIIulion & no dusling bccausc
of soIidificalion of SIurry al disposaI silc.
- Lasy drainagc of rainwalcr.
- No poIIulion during lransporlalion bccausc
of fuIIy cncIoscd pipcIinc syslcm.
- Minimizcs risk on cnvironmcnl, as chancc
of pcrcoIalion of walcr is minimum.
Thc common sccnario of ash uliIizalion in powcr pIanls of
Orissa Iikc NalionaI ThcrmaI Iowcr Corporalion, TaIchcr
ThcrmaI Iowcr Slalion and CII, NAICO arc as a fccd
malcriaI lo ccmcnl pIanls, brick making, wcl disposaI in
ash ponds, fiIIing of Iow Iaying arcas, road conslruclion
and ash dykc raising. Bcsidcs ash pond, major parl of ash
is bcing uscd in ash dykc raising and Iand fiIIs by TTIS and
NTIC. Whcrcas in Ib lhcrmaI morc imporlancc has bccn
Ib ThcrmaI (1999-2005)
TolaI Ash gcncralion = 5641484 MT
NTIC, Kaniha
TolaI ash gcncralion = 3566165 MT
TTIS, TaIchcr (1999-2005)
TolaI ash gcncralion = 5181000 Tonncs
7
What snme daiIies repnrt: -
1. A smaII-scaIc induslry namcd mcmbranc fiIlcrs
(India) Ivl. Ild. ncar Iunc is lurning oul a rangc of
walcr fiIlcrs bascd on indigcnousIy dcvcIopcd
lcchnoIogy lhal has won nalionaI and inlcrnalionaI
palcnls for lhc cIiminalion of bolh baclcria and
viruscs-wilhoul nccding any powcr sourcc. Thc
lcchnoIogy has bccn dcvcIopcd al lhc CounciI of
Scicnlific and InduslriaI Rcscarch (CSIR) Iunc bascd
NalionaI ChcmicaI Iaboralory (NCI). Thc fiIlcrs
arc capabIc lo rcmovc Hcpalilis A, walcr bornc
baclcria and L coIi.
Scurcc- 1|c Hin!u, 28
i|
Nctcm|cr 2005.
2. Lnvironmcnl bcyond lrcss and ligcrs, a lwo day
fiIm fcslivaI has bccn organizcd by Ncw DcIhi bascd
Ccnlrc for Scicncc and Lnvironmcnl (CSL) in
coIIaboralion wilh SambaIpur, Orissa bascd NGO,
Manav Adhikar, Scva Samili, Orissa. Somc of lhc
fincsl documcnlarics from across lhc worId on somc
of loday's mosl rcIcvanl and prcssing cnvironmcnlaI
issucs havc bccn scrccncd lo crcalc awarcncss
among pcopIc, cspcciaIIy among lhc schooI and
coIIcgc sludcnls on issucs Iikc cIimalc changc and
gIobaI warming, urban walcr sccnario and rainwalcr
harvcsling aIong wilh wiId Iifc prolcclion and cco-
sanilalion.
Scurcc- 1|c Ncu |n!icn |xprcss, 30
i|
Nctcm|cr 2005
3. Thc biodivcrsily in Salkoshia Biosphcrc Iocalcd in
AnguI, Orissa is going lo bc cxlincl. Mining
InduslriaIisalion and Urbanisalion is now crcaling a
qucslion mark on lhc slabiIily of lhis biosphcrc.
Scurcc- 1|c Scm|c!, 2
n!
Dcccm|cr 2005
4. Chinese Pnwer Giant tn 5eII Carbnn
Dinxide tn 5pain under CDM Cnntract
Thc Chincsc cIcclric uliIily Huancng and lhc Spanish
NalionaI Iowcr Corporalion Lndcsa havc unvciIcd
a pionccring inilialivc for purchasing cmissions
crcdils gcncralcd undcr lhc
Kyolo IrolocoI's CIcan DcvcIopmcnl
Mcchanism (CDM), according lo lhc 21 sl Ccnlury
Busincss HcraId. Thc dcaI, announccd }anuary 19 in
Bcijing, is lhc firsl in China's powcr scclor lo bc pul
inlo impIcmcnlalion. This inilialivc wiII gcncralc
roughIy 3 biIIion RMB (US $375 miIIion) for Huancng
and bcncfil lhc uliIily's fIcdging wind powcr
projccls.
Undcr lhc carbon crcdil-purchasing conlracl, Lndcsa
wiII buy 2.6 miIIion lons of carbon dioxidc (CO
2
)
gcncralcd by lhrcc wind cncrgy farms opcralcd by
Huancng. Thc wind farms havc a lolaI capacily of
195 mcgawalls. Thc dcaI is a lcn-ycar fixcd lcrm
wilh a ncgolialcd pricc of $8.70 pcr lon, comparcd
wilh a Luropcan markcl pricc of around 20 Luro
pcr lon (approximalcIy $25).
Scurcc- C|inc Wcic| jcn-23-2006
5. CnaI: Dirty Irnm 5tart tn Finish
Lxlracling coaI from lhc Larlh for cncrgy is a
lrcachcrous proposilion. Thc rcccnl Sago Minc disaslcr
lhal Icfl 12 mincrs dcad in TaIImansviIIc, Wcsl Virginia,
broughl lo Iighl lhc vcry rcaI dangcrs faccd by
lhousands of coaI mincrs in lhc Unilcd Slalcs cvcry
day. In lhc dcvcIoping worId, howcvcr, disaslcrs such
as lhcsc arc far morc common and morc dcadIy. In
China aIonc, ncarIy 2,700 coaI mincrs Iosl lhcir Iivcs
in jusl lhc firsl haIf of 2005.
Oncc coaI is cxlraclcd, ils combuslion rcIcascs a pIumc
of loxic subslanccs inlo lhc air. Onc of lhc worsl is
mcrcury, polcnl ncuroloxin wilh gIobclrolling
capabiIilics. Tiny amounls of mcrcury can causc scvcrc
iIIncss, incIuding brain damagc, cspcciaIIy in young
chiIdrcn. Mcrcury cmissions havc found lhcir way lo
lhc cnds of lhc Larlh, poisoning wiIdIifc and
indigcnous pcopIcs as far norlh as lhc Arlic CircIc.
CoaI combuslion is rcsponsibIc for as much as lwo
lhirds of lhc 2000+ lons of ycarIy human mcrcury
cmissions.
Scurcc-Wcr|! Wcic| |nsiiiuic
6. China and India HnId WnrId in BaIance
Rcccnl commilmcnls by bolh China & India lo
dcvcIop Iargc wind powcr and soIar cncrgy induslrics
arc IikcIy lo makc a hosl of ncw lcchnoIogics
affordabIc for poor counlrics. Thcir carIy succcssfuI
cfforls lo cmpIoy ncw approachcs incIudc:
8
Wc ucu|! cpprccicic ij cu scn! us ccmmcnis cn! suggcsiicns.
K }udc Sckar
Dircclor
CLNTRL IOR LNVIRONMLNTAI STUDILS
(Iorcsl & Lnvironmcnl Dcparlmcnl, Govl. of Orissa)
N-3/56, IRC ViIIagc, NayapaIIi, Bhubancswar-751015
TcIcfax : 0674-2551853
Sri G.K.Iujari, Irogrammc Officcr (CLS) and I. M. Dash, Irogrammc Officcr (LNVIS) havc prcparcd lhis ncwsIcllcr
wilh advisory supporl from
K. }udc sckar, Dircclor, Lnvironmcnl-cum-spI. sccy. lo Govl., Iorcsl & Lnv. Dcpll. Govl. of Orissa.
|j cu ucu|! |i|c ic |c inc|u!c! in i|c mci|ing |isi,
p|ccsc cmci| ic or1cnv1s.n1c.1n Visii us ci 11p://.ccsor1ssa.org
This ncwsIcllcr is supporlcd by a LNVIS, Minislry of Lnvironmcnl & Iorcsls, Govl. of India.
Feedback
- In 2005, bolh nalions commillcd lo acccIcraling
lhc dcvcIopmcnl of ncw cncrgy sourccs. India
wiII scck lo incrcasc rcncwabIc cncrgy's sharc of
ils powcr from 5 pcrccnl lo 20-25 pcrccnl, whiIc
China's ambilious rcncwabIc cncrgy Iaw slands
a good chancc of jumpslarling wind powcr,
biofucIs, and olhcr ncw cncrgy oplions.
- Sccking lo providc mass mobiIily lo ovcr a biIIion
pcopIc wilhoul divcrling rcsourccs rcquircd lo
mccl olhcr human nccds, lhc Chincsc Minislry
of Conslruclion rcccnlIy dccIarcd pubIic lransporl
a nalionaI priorily and is promoling Bus Rapid
Transil (BRT).
- In India, whcrc 43 pcrccnl of lhc annuaI rain and
snowfaII faiIs lo rcach rivcrs and aquifcrs, NGOs
havc championcd walcr harvcsling, using simpIc
lcchnoIogics lhal caplurc and slorc walcr bcforc
il can fIow away. In Chcnnai, lhc counlry's fourlh
Iargcsl cily, somc 70,000 buiIdings harvcsl
rainwalcr.
- In 2004, China impIcmcnlcd aulomobiIc fucI
cconomy slandards lhal arc bascd on Luropcan
slandards and loughcr lhan lhosc in lhc Unilcd
Slalcs. China's commilmcnl lo cncrgy cfficicncy
is aIso rcfIcclcd in ils slalus as lhc worId Icadcr in
producing and inslaIIing compacl fIuorcsccnl Iighl
buIbs.
- Indian officiaIs rcccnlIy rcpIicalcd succcssfuI
smaII-scaIc biodicscI programs in 100
addiolionaI viIIagcs in lhc hopcs of bringing
rcvcnuc lo dcprcsscd ruraI communilics whiIc
powcring IocaI cIcclricaI grids and irrigalion
pumps.
- Ncw Iaws in 2004 gavc Chincsc non-
govcrnmcnlaI organizalions (NGOs) slrongcr
IcgaI slanding lo parlicipalc in poIicy dccision-
making. Thcrc arc now morc lhan 2,000
cnvironmcnlaI NGOs in China a scclor lhal
barcIy cxislcd as rcccnlIy as carIy 1990s.
Scurcc-Sicic cj i|c Wcr|! 2006, Wcr|!ucic| |nsiiiuic
7. NOTABLE TREND5 IN CHINA AND INDIA
- India aIrcady has lhc fourlh Iargcsl wind powcr
induslry, whiIc China and India arc lhc lhird and
fourlh Iargcsl clhanoI produccrs, rcspcclivcIy.
Bolh counlrics havc vasl Iand arcas lhal conlain
a Iargc dispcrscd and divcrsc porlfoIio of
rcncwabIc cncrgy sourccs lhal arc allracling
forcign and domcslic invcslmcnl.
- Thc Unilcd Slalcs, Luropc, }apan, India and China
logclhcr cIaim 75 pcrccnl of lhc Larlh's
biocapacily, invcslmcnl.
- Thc avcragc pcrson in China has an ccoIogicaI
foolprinl of 1.6 gIobaI hcclarcs, and, in India, 0.8
gIobaI hcclarcs. In conlrasl, lhc avcragc pcrson
in lhc Unilcd Slalcs has an ccoIogicaI foolprinl of
9.7 hcclarcs, and lhal foolprinl grcw by 21 pcrccnl
bclwccn 1992 and 2002.
Scurcc-Wcr|!ucic| |nsiiiuic