ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY

HOUSING TYPOLOGIES STUDY PRECEDENTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY PRESENTATION 1/5

PROJECT OVERVIEW
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INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1 INTRODUCTION

THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN INITIATED BY THE ARCHITECTURE DEPARTMENT OF THE ETHEKWINI MUNICIPALITY TO DEVELOP HOUSING TYPOLOGIES FOR THE DELIVERY OF NEW PROJECTS AND EXISTING SETTLEMENT UPGRADE PROJECTS IN THE ETHEKWINI MUNICIPAL REGION THE STUDY IS TO INTEGRATE TOWN PLANNING, URBAN DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE COMPONENTS THE INTENTION IS TO IDENTIFY PRACTICES WHICH OPTIMISE BOTH THE QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF RESULTANT LIVING ENVIRONMENTS

2 BACKGROUND
DESPITE THE DELIVERY OF ALMOST 2 MILL HOUSING UNITS BY GOVERNMENT SINCE 1994, THE DOMINANT HOUSING TYPOLOGY CONTINUES TO BE DETACHED, SINGLE FAMILY HOMES ON LARGER FREE HOLD PLOTS THE INCREASING PRESSURE ON URBAN LAND, DEMANDS FOR OPTIMISING EXISTING SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE NEGATIVE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF DEVELOPING ON THE URBAN PERIPHERY HAVE NECESSITATED A REVIEW OF THE LOCATION AND DESIRED DENSITIES OF HOUSING SETTLEMENTS IT HAS BECOME NECESSARY THAT THE SUPPLY OF HOUSING BE MORE RECEPTIVE TO THE REDEVELOPMENT OF SITES LOCATED WITHIN ALREADY SERVICED AND DEVELOPED AREAS AS WELL AS THE UPGRADING OF EXISTING SETTLEMENTS A STUDY AND DEVELOPMENT OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING TYPOLOGIES APPLICABLE TO PREVAILING LOCAL CONDITIONS (TYPOGRAPHY, CLIMATE, TECHNOLOGIES AND FINANCE) WILL ASSIST IN MEETING THE URBAN HOUSING CHALLENGE WITH GREATER AUTHORITY, EFFICIENCY AND UNDERSTANDING

OBJECTIVES AND DEFINITIONS 3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES

TO INFORM THE OPTIMISATION OF QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY IN THE DESIGN AND ONGOING DELIVERY OF SUBSIDY HOUSING TO DETERMINE OPTIMAL HOUSING TYPOLOGIES FOR APPLICATION IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING AND GREENFIELD PROJECTS WITHIN THE URBAN AREA OF ETHEKWINI

4 DEFINING HOUSING TYPOLOGY

HOUSING TYPOLOGY ENCOMPASSES ATTRIBUTES OF FUNCTION AND CONFIGURATION CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE BUILDINGS AND THE SPACES AROUND THESE BUILDINGS THROUGH CONSTRUCTION TYPOLOGY MUST CONSIDER ASPECTS OF TOWN PLANNING AND URBAN DESIGN AS WELL AS THE DETAIL OF MULTI-UNITS OR RESIDENTIAL CLUSTERS TYPOLOGY HAS A TIME DIMENSION AND THEREFORE MUST CONSIDER FLEXIBILITY, ADAPTABILITY AND TRANSFORMATION OVER TIME THE QUALITY OF HOUSING TYPOLOGY MUST CONSIDER CONTEXT WHICH IS DEPENDANT ON A NUMBER OF FACTORS INCLUDING THE LOCATION OF SERVICES, THE BALANCE BETWEEN PRIVATE, SEMI PRIVATE, COMMUNAL AMD PUBLIC SPACE, THE MIX OF RESIDENTIAL AND NONRESIDENTIAL USE AND THE END-USERS SOCIAL AND CULTURAL STRUCTURES IN ETHEKWINI THE CONSIDERATION OF TYPOLOGY IN RELATION TO TOPOGRAPHY IS CRITICAL AS MANY INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS ARE FOUNDED ON STEEP AND UNSTABLE LAND. STEEP SLOPES IMPOSE HIGHER BUILDING AND INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS AND CREATE DIFFICULTIES OF ACCESS REQUIRING GREATER CARE IN THE DESIGN AND LAYOUT OF HOUSES

PROJECT STRUCTURE

1 2 3 4 5

PRECEDENTS AND LITERATURE OVERVIEW PILOT PROJECT OVERVIEW BUILDING THE PRINCIPLES MATRIX OF TYPOLOGIES DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

PROJECT STRUCTURE 1 PRECEDENTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

KEY ISSUES TO INFORM THE BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY AND SYNOPSIS OF RELEVANT LITERATURE REVIEW OF CASE STUDIES FINDINGS TO OFF SET NEGATIVE TRENDS

2 PILOT PROJECT OVERVIEW

AREA / INFRASTRUCTURE AUDIT SITE ANALYSIS READINESS FOR DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TYPOLOGY SELECTION

3 BUILDING THE PRINCIPLES

GUIDING PRINCIPLES FOR HOUSE DESIGN AND URBAN LAYOUTS

4 MATRIX OF TYPOLOGIES
SUMMARY OF HOUSING TYPOLOGIES FINAL HOUSING TYPOLOGY DESIGNS COSTINGS

5 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
DENSITY AND TOPOGRAPHICAL CONSIDERATIONS MATERIALS AND MINIMUM QUALITY LEVEL CONSIDERATIONS SERVICING AND SUSTAINABILITY CONSIDERATIONS

PRECEDENTS AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

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CONTENTS

PRECEDENTS
IN WHICH TYPICAL RESPONSES TO THE ISSUES FACED IN PROVIDING MASS LOW INCOME HOUSING INTERNATIONALLY AS WELL AS IN SOUTH AFRICA IS ILLUSTRATED.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
IN WHICH A BIBLIOGRAPHY HAS BEEN SELECTED WITH THE AIM OF PROVIDING A GENERAL OVERVIEW OF THE ISSUES FACED AND APPROACHES ADOPTED IN PLANNING FOR AND DELIVERING MASS LOW INCOME HOUSING PROJECTS. THE BIBLIOGRAPHY SUPPLIES A REFERENCE SOURCE THAT CAN BE ADDED TO AS ADDITIONAL WORKS COME TO LIGHT.

SYNOPSIS

SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS OF PROVIDING MASS LOW INCOME HOUSING INTERNATIONALLY HAS OFTEN BEEN SOUGHT BY DEVELOPING HIGH-RISE, HIGH-DENSITY PROJECTS. THIS HAS BEEN THE APPROACH IN MANY PARTS OF THE WORLD INCLUDING THE FAVELAS OF SAO PAULO, THE BARRIOS OF MEXICO AS WELL AS IN MANY PARTS OF EUROPE, AMERICA AND ASIA. IN SOUTH AFRICA HIGH RISE DEVELOPMENTS ARE INAPPROPRIATE AS THEY DO NOT QUALIFY FOR HOUSING SUBSIDIES AND ARE DIFFICULT TO ADMINISTER FROM A SECTIONAL TITLE AND MANAGEMENT POINT OF VIEW. WHILST THIS APPROACH HAS PROVIDED THE HIGH NUMBERS OF UNITS REQUIRED IT IS ALSO EXPENSIVE AND HAS OFTEN BEEN, AT LEAST PARTLY, TO BLAME FOR THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC ILLS SO PREVALENT IN MANY SUCH PROJECTS. THE PROVISION OF IMPERSONAL, ALIENATING HOUSING TYPOLOGIES WHICH HAVE LITTLE SEMBLANCE TO THE INFORMAL, HIGH-DENSITY LOW-RISE AND FINE-GRAINED INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS THEY REPLACED CAN BREAK APART COMMUNITIES AND ALIENATE PEOPLE FROM THEIR NEIGHBOURS AND SURROUNDINGS. SOUTH AFRICAN LOW INCOME HOUSING HAS, ON THE OTHER HAND, ATTEMPTED TO PROVIDE MASS HOUSING USING A LOW RISE, LOW-DENSITY HOUSING LAYOUT AND TYPOLOGY MODEL. HOWEVER, DUE TO THE LOCATING OF THESE PROJECTS ON MARGINALISED LAND, IMPERSONAL UNIT DESIGN, POOR LAYOUTS AND LOW QUALITY CONSTRUCTION, THIS APPROACH TOO HAS OFTEN RESULTED IN UNSUSTAINABLE, ALIENATING ENVIRONMENTS AND POVERTY ENTRAPMENT. TYPOLOGY DESIGN AND QUALITY HAS OFTEN BEEN COMPROMISED BECAUSE OF FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS WITH HOUSING PROJECTS BEING FINANCIALLY AND POLITICALLY DRIVEN AND WITH LITTLE INVOLVEMENT BY ARCHITECTS AND URBAN DESIGNERS.

SYNOPSIS

GENERALLY THERE IS ALSO LITTLE INVESTMENT IN THE PUBLIC REALM OR IN SOCIAL FACILITIES WITH THE RESULT THAT ALTHOUGH HOUSES MAY HAVE BEEN PROVIDED, THE RESULT IS MARGINALISED URBAN GHETTOES DISASSOCIATED FROM THE CITY, EXPENSIVE TO SERVICE AND COMPLETE WITH A RANGE OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS. THE HOUSING ITSELF THEREFORE CONTRIBUTES SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE MARGINALISATION AND EXCLUSION OF THE COMMUNITIES WHO RESIDE IN THEM WITH LITTLE CHANCE OF THEIR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SOCIAL INTEGRATION. THIS PROJECT THEREFORE AIMS TO SEARCH FOR NEW HIGH DENSITY, LOW RISE TYPOLOGIES THAT CAN PROVIDE EFFICIENT, SUSTAINABLE AND EQUITABLE HOUSING IN ENVIRONMENTS THAT OFFER OPPORTUNITIES FOR GROWTH AND PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT. WE BELIEVE THAT APPROPRIATE SOLUTIONS CAN BE SOUGHT IN EMULATING THE EXISTING TYPOLOGIES AND URBAN LAYOUTS WHICH HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED INFORMALLY ON SITES WHERE HIGH DENSITY, LOW RISE UNITS HAVE BEEN SELF-BUILT IN PEDESTRIAN DOMINATED ENVIRONMENTS.

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PRECEDENTS
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TYPICAL LOW INCOME HOUSING IN SOUTH AFRICA

TYPICAL SUBSIDISED HOUSING IN SOUTH AFRICA ILLUSTRATES THE RESULTANT POOR QUALITY LIVING ENVIRONMENT AND LACK OF VARIATION IN TYPOLOGY. DENSITIES ALSO REMAIN LOW.

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WINTERVELD

WINTERVELD TYPICAL INFORMAL HOUSING IN SOUTH AFRICA. FORMALISATION OF SUCH AREAS REQUIRES EXTENSIVE DENSIFICATION AND DIVERSIFICATION WITH THE INCLUSION OF SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACILITIES

Winterveld Development Programme

In-situ upgrading and facilities provision

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PRECEDENT STUDIES - RIO / SAO PAULO FAVELAS

TYPICAL INFORMAL, SELF-BUILT, HIGH-DENSITY, LOW-RISE UNITS IN SAO PAOLO AND RIO. THE INFORMAL BUILT FORM IS SIMILAR THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, INCLUDING SOUTH AFRICA, AND IS BASED ON PEDESTRIAN DOMINATED ENVIRONMENTS AND MINIMUM ROOM SIZES BUILT TO ACCOMMODATE BASIC FURNITURE REQUIREMENTS.

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PRECEDENT STUDIES - MEXICO CITY BARRIOS

THE CLEARING OF SLUMS TO ACCOMMODATE HIGH RISE TYPOLOGIES IS CLEAR IN THESE IMAGES FROM MEXICO. THE CHANGE IN CHARACTER AND RESULTANT DISRUPTION OF COMMUNITY LIFE AND SUPPORT NETWORKS IS APPARENT.

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EXPANDABLE ROW UNITS ELEMENTAL ARCHITECTS : IQUIQUE CHILE

ATTEMPTS HAVE BEEN MADE INTERNATIONALLY TO INCREASE DENSITIES USING A MEDIUM-RISE TYPOLOGY AND PROVIDE A BASIC UNIT THAT CAN BE EXPANDED BY RESIDENTS OVER TIME. THE PLACEMENT OF UNITS TO CREATE COMMUNITIES AND REDUCE COSTS HAS ALSO BEEN CAREFULLY CONSIDERED.

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CHARLES CORREA ARCHITECT : INDIA

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BOUCA HOUSING ALVARO SIZA VIERA ARCHITECTS : PORTUGAL

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BRICKFIELDS, JOHANNESBURG

BRICKFIELDS, JOHANNESBURG WAS THE FIRST MULTI-STOREY AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROJECT IN JOHANNESBURG'S INNER CITY. IT INCLUDES PRIVATE SPACE, PARKS, A CRCHE AND RETAIL UNITS. IT IS RENTAL ACCOMMODATION ONLY.

Brickfields Housing Project

Newtown

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BO-KAAP - CAPE TOWN

INSPIRATION FOR ALTERNATIVE HOUSING TYPOLOGIES IN SOUTH AFRICA THAT INCREASE DENSITIES , ARE MORE EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE AND PROVIDE GOOD URBAN FORM CAN BE FOUND IN AREAS SUCH AS THE HISTORIC DISTRICT OF BO-KAAP IN CAPE TOWN

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PELIP HOUSING - NOERO WOLFF ARCHITECTS : PORT ELIZABETH

THESE IMAGES ILLUSTRATE SOUTH AFRICAN PROJECTS THAT HAVE ATTEMPTED TO IMPROVE URBAN QUALITY AND PROVIDE HOUSING THAT IS COST EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE, YET ALSO MANGE TO INCREASE DENSITIES

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DESIGN INDABA 10 X 10 HOUSING - MMA ARCHITECTS : MITCHELLS PLAIN

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ARANDIS -COMPACTING THE URBAN FORM, NARROWING THE STREET FRONTAGE

THE FOLLOWING SLIDES ILLUSTRATE A NUMBER OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROJECTS, PRIMARILY IN SOUTH AFRICA, THAT HAVE ATTEMPTED TO FOLLOW GOOD URBAN FORM PRINCIPLES TO BREAK THE MOULD OF TYPICAL; LOW INCOME HOUSING PROJECTS AND CREATE NEW, VIBRANT, FUNCTIONAL AND EQUITABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENTS.

Arandis Housing Project

Namibia

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MABOPANE - CREATING COMMUNITIES

Mabopane Housing Project

Mabopane

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CREATION OF NEIGHBOURHOODS WITHIN RESIDENTIAL PRECINCTS

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DEVELOP A VARIETY OF HOUSING TYPES FOR DIFFERENT INCOME GROUPS

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NI HOUSING - RESPONDING TO THE EDGES, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SPACE CREATION

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CREATION AND FRAMING OF OPEN SPACE

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RESTRICT BOUNDARY WALL HEIGHTS AND CREATE PRIVACY THRESHHOLDS

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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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BIBLIOGRAPHY & SYNOPSES OF RELEVANT LITERATURE

BOOKS AND MAGAZINES
Housing- a Comparative Evaluation of Urbanism in Cape Town. Authors: Dewar, Uytenbogaardt, Hutton-Squire, Menidis. Produced by Urban Problems Research Unit UCT, Project 1. Publisher: Cape & Transvaal Printers Ltd. Cape Town, 1977. ISBN 0 620 02535 2.Keywords: Low Income Housing Alternatives for the Western Cape. Authors: Paul Andrew, Derek Japha. Produced by Urban Problems Research Unit UCT, Project 2. Publisher: Cape & Transvaal Printers Ltd. Cape Town. Distributed by David Philip Publisher (Pty) Ltd P.O. Box 408, Claremont 7735 Cape Town. ISBN 0 620 02537 9 Factors Affecting Residential Density. A Search for the Zen of Density. Author: John Barry Senior. A thesis submitted to Wits University 1984. barry@gapp.net Keywords: Residential density. Urban Reconstruction in the developing world Learning through international best practice. Authors: Peter Robinson, Jeff McCarthy & Clive Foster. Publisher Heinemann 2004. Housing options for the Western Cape. Author & Publisher: Development Action Group 1994 Urban Design Compendium. Author: Llewelyn Davies. Publisher: English Partnerships, the Housing Corporation. London. Keywords: Designed for Manufacture, the challenge to build a home for 60k. Authors: English Partnerships, the Dept. for Communities and Local Government UK. Publisher: English Partnerships, London. www.designformanufacture.info Keywords: Prefabrication. Manufacture Safer Places. The Planning System and Crime Prevention. Author: Llewelyn Davies for the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister UK. The Home Office. Publisher: Thomas Telford Publishing Paddock Wood.UK. Keywords: Planning for crime prevention. Home Delivery Fabricating the Modern Dwelling. Authors: Barry Bergdoll & Peter Christensen. Publisher: The Museum of Modern Art New York. 2008. Keywords: Prefabrication Towards the Right to Adequate Housing: Built Environment Support Group, Durban & Pietermaritzburg Nov. 1999. Housing and Urbanisation. Charles Correa. Publisher Thames & Hudson. 1999 ISBN 0-500-28210-2. Keywords: Design, Case studies, Precedent, India, Developing countries. An Architecture for the People: the Complete works of Hassan Fathy. Author: James Steele. Publisher: Thames & Hudson. Keywords: Design, Case studies, Precedent, Egypt, Developing countries. Architecture South Africa, Issue 93804 November / December 2005. Special issue on High Density Housing. Publishers Picasso Headline (Pty) Ltd. Architecture South Africa, Issue 09004 - March April 2009. Special issue on Low-Income Housing. Publishers Picasso Headline (Pty) Ltd.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY & SYNOPSES OF RELEVANT LITERATURE

ARTICLES & INTERNET ARTICLES
BUILDING QUALITY & PERFORMANCE
A Building Quality Index for Houses. NHBRC &CSIR. Post construction evaluation of houses manual. Source: www.csir.co.za/akani Risk management of structural performance of housing in South Africa. Authors: J.Mahachi National Home Builders Registration Council, P O Box 461, Randburg 2125, South Africa. A.M.Goliger CSIR, Boutek, PO Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. F.Wagenaar National Home Builders Registration Council, P O Box 461, Randburg 2125, South Africa. Synopsis: The paper highlights the role of NHBRC, the relevance of risk management and performance based codification and summarises typical structural problems which take place in South African housing. It also presents selected statistics of damage, their socio-economical implications and considers the ways of improving the situation, on the national scale. Source: www.csir.co.za/akani Optimising Energy For Thermal Comfort In Low - Cost Housing With Particular Reference To Botswana. Busisiwe E. Mothibi M. Arch. (Research) Student University of Pretoria, South Africa email: mothibi@botec.bw Key words: low cost housing, thermal comfort, energy efficiency, energy retrofits, holistic design.

NATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING

Department of Housing White Paper - A New Housing Policy and Strategy for South Africa. Mandate, Vision and Mission of the Department. What is a Housing Subsidy? Housing subsidies explained. Keywords: qualifying criteria BREAKING NEW GROUND A Comprehensive plan for the development of sustainable human settlements. August 2004. KZN Housing. Housing Policy Communiqu- March 2009

INTERNATIONAL PAPERS
Low medium cost housing in Malaysia: Issues and challenges. Author: Syafiee Shuid, Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Kulliyyah of Architecture and Environmental Design, International Islamic University Malaysia.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY & SYNOPSES OF RELEVANT LITERATURE

BEST PRACTICE
Best Practice Evaluation of Sustainable Housing Transformation; Assessment of 3Awarded Projects Kees van der Flier & Andr Thomsen.Faculty of Architecture, Department of Real Estate & Housing Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.e-mail: A.F.Thomsen@bk.tudelft.nl Key words: best practice, renovation, transformation, life cycle management. The Most Significant Change: an Evaluation of DAGs Impact in Netreg, Freedom Park and Hangberg. By Erin Torkelson. 2007. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/2009/most_significant_change.pdf How to keep the people in PHP: an evaluation of the Vosloorus Peoples Housing Process. R.A. Himlin Planact, non-profit organisation, Johannesburg, South Africa e-mail: becky@planact.org.za Theme: Economic, management and organisational aspects Key words: Peoples Housing Process, community participation in housing construction, womens participation, organisation of construction process, case study evaluation. Review of international and national trends and best practices in housing. Draft report prepared by the Development Action Group on behalf of the Western Cape Housing Consortium for the City of Cape Town Housing Plan situational analysis. by Warren Smit. 15 May 2003. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/research/19.pdf

LOCATION OF LOW COST HOUSING

Situation Analysis of Informal Settlements in South Africa, City of Durban (eThekwini) Umlazi & Kenville / Sea Cow Lake. Cities without Slums Sub-regional Programme for Eastern & Southern Africa. A cost-benefit approach to the identification of well-located land for low income housing development. Author: Dr Sharon Biermann, CSIR Building and Construction Technology, Akani, November 2004. Source: www.csir.co.za/akani Low-cost housing location in South African cities: Empirical findings on costs and benefits. Authors: C Venter, University of Pretoria/CSIR Transportek, Pretoria, 0002, christo.venter@up.ac.za. S Biermann, CSIR Building and Construction Technology, P O Box 395, Pretoria, 0001and M van Ryneveld. P O Box 91712, Auckland Park, Johannesburg, 2006. The sustainable location of low income housing development in South African urban areas (Paper presented at the Third International Conference on Urban Regeneration and Sustainability, The Sustainable City 2004, 16-18 June 2004, Siena, Italy, organised by Wessex Institute of Technology) Dr Sharon Biermann, CSIR, Building and Construction Technology. Source: www.buildnet.co.za/akani/2004/nov/10.html Housing, Integrated Urban Development and the Compact City Debate. Confronting Fragmentation: Housing and Urban Development in a Democratising Society, Cape Town: UCT Press (ed P Harrison, M Huchzermeyer and M Mayekiso). Todes, A, 2003

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BIBLIOGRAPHY & SYNOPSES OF RELEVANT LITERATURE

DENSITY
Development Action Groups Medium Density Housing Programme May 2007. Sustainable medium-density Housing -A resource book. Anzabeth Tonkin Development Action Group 2008. ISBN: 978-0-620-43026-5. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/resource_book/ Section 1: Introduction. Section 2: Housing Densification & Sustainability. Section 3: The South African Housing Context. Section 4: Guidelines for Sustainable Medium Density Housing. Section 5: Voices of the people: Case studies of medium-density housing Keywords: Sustainability, Densification, Guidelines, SA Context Design Strategies for the Densification of Low Income Housing L. Poulsen and M. Silverman. School of Architecture and Planning University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa e-mail: poulsenl@archplan.wits.ac.za Key words: density, housing typology, design, urban environment, sustainable settlements. The Peoples Housing Process: Its meaning and Relevance. L. Ramasodi & J.W. van Bergen. Tshwane University of Technology School of Social Architecture e-mail: vanbergenj@tut.ac.za: ramasodil@tut.ac.za Key words: PHP, densification, citizenship.

SUSTAINABILITY
Towards Sustainable Settlements: Case Studies from South Africa. Authors: Daniel Irurah (Syn-Consult, Sue Bannister, Melinda Silverman, Tanya Zack, for the National Dept. of Housing SA. STE Publishers May 2002. ISBN1-919855-11-4 Keywords: Realising Sustainability, Building institutional capacity, Economic empowerment, Case Studies, Enhancing social capital, Lessons learnt. Bioclimatic Approach in Municipal Master Plan The Northern Part of Portuguese Western Coast. B. A. Marques,F. Brando Alves and H. Corvacho. Civil Engineering Department - Faculty of Engineering - University of Porto : Portugal bruno@fe.up.pt : alves@fe.up.pt corvacho@fe.up.pt Key words: urban bioclimatic design, bioclimatic construction, urban sustainability, Municipal Land Use Plans.

PRECEDENT / CASE STUDIES

Moshoeshoe Eco-Village. The Social Housing Foundation & Shift Social Housing Focus Trust. Issue 4 2007. Project Review Series. Mabopane Extension Project. Winterveld Development Programme. Project publication: GAPP Architects & Urban Designers.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY & SYNOPSES OF RELEVANT LITERATURE

DAG
Living on the edge: a study of the Delft temporary relocation area, by Helen Macgregor, Warren Smit and Zama Mgwatyu, 2007. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/research/delftreport.pdf Our Struggles, Our Stories, Our Rights by Mercy Brown Luthango. 2006. http://www.dag.org.za/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=45&Itemid=114 Capturing Unearned Value/ Leakages To Assist Markets to Work for the Poor. Mercy Brown-Luthango - Development Action Group. 2006. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/research/landmarkposition.pdf The People's Budget Campaign: The Housing Budget. by Warren Smit & Jolene Adams 2005. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/research/1.pdf Ten things to remember about informal settlement upgrading. Presentation at Friends of DAG workshop on the N2 Gateway Project, 5 May 2005. by Warren Smit. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/research/2.pdf Improving Livelihoods Through Participation: The Case of the Area Co-ordinating Teams. by Jolene Adams 2004. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/research/3.pdf International Trends and Good Practices in Housing: Some Lessons for South African Housing Policy. Institute for Housing in South Africa Conference, October 2004.by Warren Smit. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/research/4.pdf The Urban Development Imagination and Realpolitik. Development Update 5(1); pp 53-80. by Warren Smit. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/research/6.pdf Scoping Study: Urban Land Issues. Report prepared for the UK Department of Development Aid (DFID) by the Urban Sector Network & Development Works. by Warren Smit, Lauren Royston & Cecile Ambert. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/research/7.pdf Evaluation of the National Housing Subsidy Scheme. Produced for the Office of the Public Service Commission by the Urban Sector Network. by Penny Geerdts, Warren Smit, Terence Smit, Pauline Stanford, Simphiwe Poswa & Revathi Govender. 2003. Peoples Housing Process- Good Practice Case studies Project: Masisizane Womens Co-operative, Ivory Park, Midrand, Gauteng Report prepared by Development Action Group, Cape Town. May 2003 Outstanding feature: Savings/Innovative Financing. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/research/10.pdf Peoples Housing Process: Good Practice Case Studies Project: Kanana Project, Sebokeng, Vereeniging, Gauteng 2003. Outstanding features: Household participation and house construction. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/research/11.pdf Peoples Housing Process: Good Practice Case Studies Project: Tsolwana Municipality - Tarkastad Administration Area Outstanding Features Project Systems Report. 2003. http://www.dag.org.za/docs/research/12.pdf

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