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min(u, v, w) b. m
max(u, v, w)
c. m < min(u, v, w) d. None of these
49.
6n 6n
7 6
, where n is an integer > 0, is divisible by
a. 13 b. 127 c. 559 d. All of these
50. How many numbers greater than 0 and less than a million can be formed with the digits 0, 7
and 8?
a. 486 b. 1,084 c. 728 d. None of these
CAT 2003 (Leaked Paper)
51. How many even integers n, where 100 n 200 , are divisible neither by seven nor by nine?
a. 40 b. 37 c. 39 d. 38
52. A positive whole number M less than 100 is represented in base 2 notation, base 3 notation, and
base 5 notation. It is found that in all three cases the last digit is 1, while in exactly two out of the
three cases the leading digit is 1. Then M equals
a. 31 b. 63 c. 75 d. 91
Directions for question 53: Each question is followed by two statements, A and B. Answer each
question using the following instructions.
Choose (a) if the question can be answered by one of the statements alone but not by the other.
Choose (b) if the question can be answered by using either statement alone.
Choose (c) if the question can be answered by using both the statements together, but cannot be answered
by using either statement alone.
Choose (d) if the question cannot be answered even by using both the statements together.
53. Is a
44
< b
11
, given that a = 2 and b is an integer?
A. b is even
B. b is greater than 16
54. How many three digit positive integers, with digits x, y and z in the hundred's, ten's and unit's place
respectively, exist such that x < y, z < y and
x 0
?
a. 245 b. 285 c. 240 d. 320
Number System Page 7
55. If the product of n positive real numbers is unity, then their sum is necessarily
a. a multiple of n b. equal to
1
n
n
+ c. never less than n d. a positive integer
56. The number of positive integers n in the range
12 n 40
such that the product (n 1)(n 2) 3.2.1
is not divisible by n is
a. 5 b. 7 c. 13 d. 14
CAT 2003 (Re test)
Directions for questions 57 to 59: Answer the questions on the basis of the information given below.
The seven basic symbols in a certain numeral system and their respective values are as follows:
I = 1, V = 5, X = 10, L = 50, C = 100, D = 500 and M = 1000
In general, the symbols in the numeral system are read from left to right, starting with the symbol
representing the largest value; the same symbol cannot occur continuously more than three times; the
value of the numeral is the sum of the values of the symbols. For example, XXVII = 10 + 10 + 5 + 1 + 1
= 27. An exception to the left-to-right reading occurs when a symbol is followed immediately by a
symbol of greater value; then the smaller value is subtracted from the larger.
For example, XLVI = (50 10) + 5 + 1 = 46.
57. The value of the numeral MDCCLXXXVII is
a. 1687 b. 1787 c. 1887 d. 1987
58. The value of the numeral MCMXCIX is
a. 1999 b. 1899 c. 1989 d. 1889
59. Which of the following represent the numeral for 1995?
I. MCMLXXV II. MCMXCV III. MVD IV. MVM
a. Only I and II b. Only III and IV c. Only II and IV d. Only IV
60. What is the sum of all two-digit numbers that give a remainder of 3 when they are divided by 7?
a. 666 b. 676 c. 683 d. 77
61. An intelligence agency forms a code of two distinct digits selected from 0, 1, 2, , 9 such that the
first digit of the code is non-zero. The code, handwritten on a slip, can however potentially create
confusion when read upside down for example, the code 91 may appear as 16. How many codes
are there for which no such confusion can arise?
a. 80 b. 78 c. 71 d. 69
62. What is the remainder when 4
96
is divided by 6?
a. 0 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
63. Let n (>1) be a composite integer such that n is not an integer. Consider the following statements:
A: n has a perfect integer-valued divisor which is greater than 1 and less than n
B: n has a perfect integer-valued divisor which is greater than n but less than n
a. Both A and B are false b. A is true but B is false
c. A is false but B is true d. Both A and B are true
Number System Page 8
64. If a, a + 2 and a + 4 are prime numbers, then the number of possible solutions for a is
a. one b. two c. three d. more than three
65. Let a, b, c, d and e be integers such that a = 6b = 12c, and 2b = 9d = 12 e. Then which of the
following pairs contains a number that is not an integer?
a.
a b
,
27 e
_
,
b.
a c
,
36 e
_
,
c.
a bd
,
12 18
_
,
d.
a c
,
6 d
_
,
CAT 2004
66. On January 1, 2004 two new societies s
1
and s
2
are formed, each n numbers. On the first day of
each subsequent month, s
1
adds b members while s
2
multiplies its current numbers by a constant
factor r. Both the societies have the same number of members on July 2, 2004. If b = 10.5n, what is
the value of r?
a. 2.0 b. 1.9 c. 1.8 d. 1.7
67. Suppose n is an integer such that the sum of digits on n is 2, and 10
10
< n 10
n
. The number of
different values of n is
a. 11 b. 10 c. 9 d. 8
68. Let
1
y
1
2
1
3
1
2
3 ...
+
+
+
+
What is the value of y?
a.
11 3
2
+
b.
11 3
2
c.
15 3
2
+
d.
15 3
2
+
, then
a. 0 < R 0.1 b. 0 < R 0.5 c. 0.5 < R 0.1 d.R > 1.0
71. If x = (16
3
+ 17
3
+ 18
3
+ 19
3
), then x divided by 70 leaves a remainder of
a. 0 b. 1 c. 69 d. 35
72. let n! = 1 2 3 n for integer n 1 . If p = 1! + (2 2!) + (3 3!) + + (10 10!), then p +
2 when divided by 11! Leaves a remainder of
a.10 b. 0 c. 7 d. 1
Number System Page 9
73. The digits of a three-digit number A are written in the reverse order to form another three-digit
number B. If B > A and B-A is perfectly divisible by 7, then which of the following is necessarily
true?
a. 100 < A < 299 b. 106 < A < 305 c. 112 < A < 311 d. 118< A < 317
74. The rightmost non-zero digits of the number 30
2720
is
a. 1 b. 3 c. 7 d. 9
75. For a positive integer n, let p
n
denote the product of the digits of n and s
n
denote the sum of the
digits of n. The number of integers between 10 and 1000 for which p
n
+ s
n
= n is
a.81 b. 16 c. 18 d. 9
76. Let S be a set of positive integers such that every element n of S satisfies the conditions
(a) 1000 n 1200
(b) every digit in n is odd
Then how many elements of S are divisible by 3?
a. 9 b. 10 c. 11 d. 12
CAT 2006
77. If x = 0.5, then which of the following has the smallest value?
1.
1
x
2
2.
1
x
3.
2
1
x
4. 2
X
5.
1
x
78. Which among
1
2
2
,
1
3
3
,
1
4
4
,
1
6
6
and
1
12
12
is the largest?
1. 21/2 2. 31/3 3. 41/4 4. 61/6 5. 12/12
79. A group of 630 children is arranged in rows for a group photograph session. Each row contains three
fewer children than the row in front of it. What number of rows is not possible?
1. 3 2. 4 3. 5 4. 6 5. 7
80. The sum of four consecutive two-digit odd numbers, when divided by 10, becomes a perfect square.
Which of the following can possibly be one of these four numbers?
1. 21 2. 25 3. 41 4. 67 5. 73
81. When you reverse the digits of the number 13, the number increases by 18. How many other two-
digit numbers increase by 18 when their digits are reversed?
1. 5 2. 6 3. 7 4. 8 5. 10
Page 1 Number System
Answers and ExpIanations
CAT 1998
1. c If n
3
is odd, then n should also be odd. Hence, n
2
should also be odd. And n
2
will again be odd and not
even. So only I and II are true.
2. b Since MPB is a three-digit number, and also the square
of a two-digit number, it can have a maximum value of
961 viz. 31
2
. This means that the number BE should be
less than or equal to 31. So B can only take the values
0, 1, 2 and 3. Since the last digit of MPB is also B, it can
only be 0 or 1 (as none of the squares end in 2 or 3).
The only squares that end in 0 are 100, 400 and 900.
But for this to occur the last digit of BE also has to be
0. Since E and B are distinct integers, both of them
cannot be 0. Hence, B has to be 1. BE can be a number
between 11 and 19 (as we have also ruled out 10),
with its square also ending in 1. Hence, the number BE
can only be 11 or 19. 11
2
= 121. This is not possible as
this will mean that M is also equal to 1. Hence, our
actual numbers are 19
2
= 361. Hence, M = 3.
3. c The maximum and the minimum five-digit numbers that
can be formed using only 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 exactly once are
43210 and 10234 respectively. The difference
between them is 43210 10234 = 32976.
4. a The best way to solve this question is the method of
simulation, i.e. take a number which when divided by
899 gives a remainder of 63. The smallest such number
is (899 + 63) = 972. 972, when divided by 29 gives a
remainder of 5. Hence, the answer is 5.
Students, please note that 899 itself is divisible by 29.
Hence, the required remainder is the same as obtained
by dividing 63 by 29, i.e. 5.
Shortcut:
Since 899 is divisible by 29, so you can directly divide
the remainder of 63 by 29, so
63
29
will give 5 as a
remainder, option (a).
5. b Note that the difference between the divisors and the
remainders is constant.
2 1 = 3 2 = 4 3 = 5 4 = 6 5 = 1
In such a case, the required number will always be
[a multiple of LCM of (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) (The constant
difference)].
LCM of (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) = 60
Hence, the required number will be 60n 1.
Thus, we can see that the smallest such number is
(60 1) 1 = 59
The second smallest is (60 2) 1 = 119
So between 1 and 100, there is only one such number,
viz. 59.
6. c Let us find some of the smaller multiples of 125. They
are 125, 250, 375, 500, 625, 750, 875, 1000 ...
A five-digit number is divisible by 125, if the last three
digits are divisible by 125. So the possibilities are 375
and 875, 5 should come in units place, and 7 should
come in tens place. Thousands place should contain
3 or 8. We can do it in 2! ways. Remaining first two
digits, we can arrange in 2! ways. So we can have 2!
2! = 4 such numbers.
There are: 23875, 32875, 28375, 82375.
7. b Since 2 has a cyclicity of 4,
i.e. 2
1
= 2, 2
2
= 4, 2
3
= 8, 2
4
= 16, 2
5
= 32, 2
6
= 64 ..., the
last digits (2, 4, 8, 6) are in four cycles.
On dividing
51
4
, we get the remainder as 3.
The last digit has to be 2
3
= 8
Shortcut:
Since cyclicity of the power of 2 is 4, so 2
51
can be
written in 2
4(12) + 3
or unit digit will be 2
3
= 8.
8. a The number formed by the last 3 digits of the main
number is 354. The remainder is 2 if we divide 354 by
8. So the remainder of the main number is also 2 if we
divide it by 8.
CAT 1999
9. a (ab)
2
= ccb, the greatest possible value of ab to be
31. Since 31
2
= 961 and since ccb > 300, 300 < ccb <
961, so 18 < ab < 31. So the possible value of ab
which statisfies (ab)
2
= ccb is 21. So 21
2
= 441,
a = 2, b = 1, c = 4.
10. b Note: 342 = 7
3
1. On further simplification we get,
( )
28
3 28 28
342 1 (7 ) 343
342 342 342
+
=
342 N 1 1
342 342
+
+
n
1 i
1000 x i
1000 x
2
) 1 n ( n
+
+
Thus, 1000
2
) 1 n ( n
+
gives n = 44
Since 990
2
) 1 n ( n
+
(for n = 44).
Hence x = 10.
35. c Take a = b = c = d = 1.
36. a Let the highest number be n and x be the number
erased.
Then
n(n 1)
x
7 602
2
35
(n 1) 17 17
+
.
Hence, n = 69 and x = 7 satisfy the above conditions.
37. d a = b
2
b, b 4
a
2
2a = (b
2
b)
2
2(b
2
b)
= (b
2
b)(b
2
b 2)
Using different values to b 4 and we find that it is
divisible by 15, 20, 24.
Hence all of these is the right answer.
38. b From II, b = 2d
Hence, b = 10, d = 5 or b = 4, d = 2
From III, e + a = 10 or e + a = 4
From I, a + c = e or e a = c
From III and I, we get 2e = 10 + c or 2e = 4 + c
c
e 5
2
+ ... (i)
or
c
e 2
2
+ ... (ii)
From (i), we can take c = 2, 4, 6, 10.
For c = 2, e = 6
c = 4, e = 7 (Not possible)
c = 6, c = 8 (Not possible)
c = 10, e = 10 (Not possible since both c and e cannot
be 10)
From (ii), we have c = 2, 4, 6, 10.
For c = 2, e = 3 (Not possible)
c = 4, e = 4 (Not possible)
c = 6, e = 5 (Possible)
c = 10, e = 7 (Not possible)
Considering the possibility from B that c = 6 and
e = 5 means e + a = 4
a = 1 (Not possible)
Hence, only possibility is b = 10, d = 5, c = 2, e = 6.
e + a = 10 a = 4
39. c The last two digits can be 12, 16, 24, 32, 36, 52, 56,
and 64, i.e. 8 possibilites
Remaining digits can be chosen in 24 P
3
4
ways.
Hence, total number of such five-digit numbers
= 24 8 = 192.
CAT 2002
40. c Total possible arrangements = 10 9 8
Now 3 numbers can be arranged among themselves
in 3! ways = 6 ways
Given condition is satisfied by only 1 out of 6 ways.
Hence, the required number of arrangements
=
10 9 8
6
= 120
41. b Check choices
Choice (b) 54 S = (5 + 4)
2
= 81
D S = 81 54 = 27. Hence, the number = 54
42. d Let the number of gold coins = x + y
48(x y) = X
2
Y
2
48(x y) = (x y)(x + y) x + y = 48
Hence the correct choice would be none of these.
43. d
2
n n
575 x
2
+
2
1150 n n 2x +
n(n 1) 1150 +
2
n n 1150 +
The smallest value for it is n = 34.
For n = 34
40 = 2x x = 20
44. a
( )
64
4 64 64
2 (17 1) 17n ( 1) + = 17n + 1
Hence, remainder = 1
45. b Because each word is lit for a second,
5 17 41 7 21 49
LCM 1, 1, 1 LCM , ,
2 4 8 2 4 8
_ _
+ + +
, ,
LCM(7, 21, 49) 49 3
73.5 s
HCF ( 2, 4, 8) 2
Page 4 Number System
46. d
9 27 36 HCF(9, 27, 36)
HCF , ,
2 4 5 LCM (2, 4, 5)
_
,
9
20
lb
= Weight of each piece
Total weight = 18.45 lb
Maximum number of guests =
18.45 20
41
9
n
56. b From 12 to 40, there are 7 prime number, i.e. 13, 17,
19, 23, 29, 31, 37, which is not divisible by (n1)!
CAT 2003 (Retest)
57. b MDCCLXXXVII = 1000 + 500 + 100 + 100 + 50 + 10 + 10
+ 10 + 5 + 1 + 1 = 1787
58. a MCMXCIX = 1000 + (1000 100) + (100 10) + (10
1) = 1000 + 900 + 90 + 9 = 1999
59. c (I) MCMLXXV = 1000 + (1000 100) + 50 + 10 + 10
+ 5 = 1975
(II) MCMXCV = 1000 + (1000 100) + (100 10) + 5
= 1995
(III) MVD = 1000 + (500 5) = 1495
(IV) MVM = 1000 + (1000 5) = 1995
Therefore, the answer is (II) and (IV), i.e. option (c).
60. b Such numbers are 10, 17, , 94.
These numbers are in AP. There are 13 numbers.
10 94
Sum 13
2
+
= 52 13 = 676
61. c Total codes which can be formed = 9 9 = 81.
(Distinct digit codes)
The digits which can confuse are 1, 6, 8, 9, from
these digit we can form the codes = 4 3 = 12
Out of these 12 codes two numbers 69 and 96 will not
create confusion.
Therefore, (12 2) = 10 codes will create a confusion.
Therefore, total codes without confusion
= 81 10 = 71.
Page 5 Number System
62. d Remainder when
96
4
6
Lets come down to basic property of dividing the
power of 4 by 6, i.e.
1
4
4
6
2
4
4
6
3
4
4
6
4
4
4
6
Hence, any power of 4 when divided by 6 leaves a
remainder of 4.
63. d Let n = 6
Therefore, n 6 2.4
Therefore, divisors of 6 are 1, 2, 3.
If we take 2 as divisor, then
n 2 1 > >
.
Statement A is true.
If we take 3 as divisor, then 6 > 3 > 2.4, i.e. n > 3 >
n
.
Therefore, statement B is true.
64. a As any prime number greater than 3 can be expressed
in the form 6n 1 t , minimum difference between three
consecutive prime numbers will be 2 and 4. The values
that satisfy the given conditions are only 3, 5 and 7,
i.e. only one set is possible.
65. d a = 6b = 12c and 2b = 9d = 12e.
Dividing the first equations by 12 and second by 36,
we get
a b c
12 2 1
and
b d e
18 4 3
i.e.
a b c
108 18 9
and
b d e
18 4 3
a b c d e
108 18 9 4 3
a : b : c : d : e = 108 : 18 : 9 : 4 : 3.
c 9
d 4
is not an integer.
CAT 2004
66. a There will be an increase of 6 times.
No. of members s
1
will be in A.P.
On July 2nd , 2004, s
1
will have n + 6 b members
= n + 6 10.5 n
= 64n
No. of members in s
2
will be in G.P
On July 2nd, 2004 Number of members in s
2
= nr
6
They are equal, Hence 64 n = nr
6
6
64 r r 2
67. a We have
(1) 10
10
< n < 10
11
(2) Sum of the digits for 'n' = 2
Clearly-
(n)min = 10000000001 (1 followed by 9 zeros and
finally 1)
Obviously, we can form 10 such numbers by shifting
'1' by one place from right to left again and again.
Again, there is another possibility for 'n'
n = 20000000000
So finally : No. of different values for n = 10 + 1 = 11
ans.
68. d
1
y
1
2
3 y
+
+
3 y
y
7 2y
+
+
2
2y 6y 3 0 +
6 36 24
y
4
t +
6 60 3 15
4 2
t t
Since 'y' is a +ve number, therefore:
153
y
2
ans.
69. c
23 23 23
15 (19 4) 19x (4) +
where x is a natural
number.
23 23 23
23 (19 4) 19y (4) + +
where y is a natural
number.
( )
23 23 23 23
15 23 19 x y 4 (4) + + + +
= 19 ( x +y)
CAT 2005
70. d
65 65
64 64
30 29
1
30 29
>
+
as 30
65
29
65
> 30
64
+ 29
64
30
64
(30 1) > 29
64
(29 + 1)
30
64
29 > 29
64
30
30
63
> 29
63
Hence option d.
71. a x = 16
3
+ 17
3
+ 18
3
+ 19
3
is even number
Therefore 2 divides x.
a
3
+ b
3
= (a + b) (a
2
ab b
2
)
a + b always divides
Therefore 16
3
+ 19
3
is divisible by 35
18
3
+ 17
3
is divisible by 35
Hence x is divisible by 70.
Hence option a.
Page 6 Number System
72. d If p = 1! = 1
Then p + 2 = 3 when divided by 2! remainder will be
1.
If p = 1! + 2 2! = 5
Then p + 2 = 7 when divided by 3! remainder is still
1.
Hence p = 1! + (2 2!) + (3 3!) + + (10 10!)
when divided by 11! leaves remainder 1
Alternative method:
P = 1 + 2.2! + 3.3!+ .10.10!
= (2 1)1! + ( 3 1)2! + (4 1)3! + .(11 1)10!
=2! 1! + 3! 2! + .. 11! 10!
= 1 + 11!
Hence the remainder is 1.
73. b Let A = 100 x + 10y + z
B = 100z + 10y + x
B - A = 99(z - x)
For B - A to be divided by 7, z - x has to be divisible
by 7. Only possibility is z = 9, x = 2.
Biggest number A can be 299
Option b.
74. a ( )
( )
680
4
30
Hence the right most non-zero digit is 1.
75. d 10 < n < 1000
Let n is two digit number.
n = 10a + b p
n
= ab, s
n
= a + b
Then ab + a + b = 10a + b
ab = 9a b = 9
There are 9 such numbers 19, 29, 33, 99
Then Let n is three digit number
n = 100a + 10b + c p
n
= abc, s
n
= a + b + c
then abc + a + b + c = 100a + 10b + c
abc = 99a + 9b
bc = 99 +
b
9
a
But the maximum value for bc = 81
And RHS is more than 99. Hence no such number is
possible.
Hence option d.
76. a The 100
th
and 1000
th
position value will be only 1 .
Now the possibility of unit and tens digits are
(1, 3), (1, 9), (3, 1), (3, 7), (5, 5), (7, 3), (7, 9), (9, 1),
(9, 7).
CAT 2006
77. 2 Go by option, put
1
x
2
(1)
2
1
2
4
(2)
1 1
2
x 1/ 2
(3)
( )
2 2
1 1
4
x 1/ 2
(4)
1/ 2
1
2
2
78. 2 LCM of 2, 3, 4, 6, 12 = 12
12 12 12 12 12 6 4 3 2 1
2 3 4 6 12
3
4
is greatest
Note: n
1/n
is maximum when n = e (2.718). Among the
options n = 3 is closest to the value of e.
79. 4 Let the no. of students in front row be x.
So, the no. of students in next rows be x 3,
x - 6, x 9. so on
If n i.e. no. of rows be 3 then no. of students
x + (x 3) + (x 6) = 630
3x = 639
x = 213
So possible similarly n = 4
x + (x 3) + (x 6) + (x - 9) = 630
4x 18 = 630
648
x 162
4
If n = 5
(4x 18) + (x - 12) = 630
5x 30 = 630
x = 120
Again possible.
If n = 6
(5x - 30) + (x - 15) = 630
6x - 45 = 630
6x = 675
x Integer
Hence n 6
80. 3 By options checking option (3), four consecutive odd
numbers are 37, 39, 41 and 43. The sum of these 4
numbers is 160.
When divided by 10, we get 16 which is a perfect
square.
41 is one of the odd numbers.
81. 2 Let the number be 10x + y so when number is reversed
the number because 10y + x. So, the number increases
by 18
Hence (10y + x) - (10x + y) = 9 (y - x) = 18
y - x = 2
So, the possible pairs of (x, y) is (3, 1) (4, 2) (5, 3) (6,
4), (7, 5) (8, 6) (9, 7)
But we want the number other than 13 so, there are 6
possible numbers are there i.e. 24, 35, 46, 57, 68, 79.
So total possible numbers are 6.