Computzing The Bus Tranporation in Sri-Lanka

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
Abstract
National Transport Commission (NTC) is the government organization which handles

interprovincial bus transportation. The main tasks of this organization are Registrations
of buses and related employees, Schedule bus routes, Providing and creating bus
fares. The Objective of this project is to design and develop a computerized system for
the national transportation commission.
This is the design document for the proposed computerized System for the “National
Transportation Commission”. The Project Description, Problem Analysis, Project
Requirements, Solution and Solution Design, Flesibility report areexplained within the
documentation. This document explains how the project requirements are met with the
designed solution.
ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 1

Acknowledgment
This was a great opportunity for all of us to put into practice what we learnt during our last two
semesters while being the undergraduates of APIIT-Sri-Lanka.
We Gained experience on how to apply our knowledge for the development of industrial
companies, how to overcome the challenges, how to work as a team in spirit according to a well
managed plan. The way of dealing with the community. We would like to express out grateful
thanks to all the people who helped us directly or indirectly. Especially we would like to thanks
all the staff at the Central Bus Stand and the Officials at the National Transportation
Commission who helped us on this project.
First and Foremost we would our sincere gratitude to our lecturers Ms.Manesha Peries ,
Mr.Eranjan Padumadasa and Ms.Oshini Jayatunge for the great guidance in this project and
who helped us to make this project a realistic .
A Special thanks should go to all the other lectures who thought us the concepts on subjects
which was helped us on this Software development project.
Finally, we would like to thank each and every person who helped us in numerous ways to make
this project a success.

Table of Content

INTRODUCTION
Introduction to the Project
Project Objectives
Development of software requires all the skills from the members of the
development team. Objectives are laid to make sure that all the group members
have a clear understanding of the scenario for which the software system is being
developed as the solution.

The objective of the project in hand is to create a system that uses software to
automate a large part of the Inter City Bus Transportation System in Sri Lanka. The
problem will have to be analyzed thoroughly and accurately, using various facts
finding and documenting techniques to make sure that the design of the system can
be carried out.

CURRENT SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Company Information
Current System analysis

The current system which is largely a manual system involves a lot of paperwork at
all the levels of the organization. The staff of the organization and the customers
are unhappy with various aspects of the system with which they are directly
involved when working with the system. The various problems caused by the
inefficiency of the system results in an overall loss to the business and
dissatisfaction to the rest of the users.
As the main transportation system in Sri Lanka are buses and trains for inter city
travelling, the members of our System Development team were well aware of
several problems involved with Bus Travel.
From the analysis of the current system, a list of several problems at each level was
prepared.
Management Level
The management level deals with coordinating all the actions within the business to
make sure that the business gains Profit while providing a satisfying service to the
customers. The following are some of the problems faced at this level:
 Modification of the Schedules can be time consuming and very expensive,

since the manually prepared schedule has to be sent for printing and then be
distributed to the concerned stations where the buses can be boarded by the
passenger.
 Since most of the activities are performed manually, they are time
consuming. The archiving of several documents has given rise to a need for
more storage space and thus more expense.
 Changes in schedule cannot be conveyed to the customer soon enough to
satisfy the customer.
 The scheduling system being used, does not have features to provide
important information such as the popular routes, popular times when the
buses will be booked fast. This affects the ability of the organization to try
and serve the customers better

Staff Level
Staff directly deal with the customers and require the correct information from the
Management to provide a good service to the customers. The information being
conveyed to the customers should also be timely. Some of the problems at this level
are:
 Staff have the trouble of performing actions soon enough to satisfy the
customers.
 If a change in the schedule occurs, the change has to be informed to several
customers well in advance. Such a change although rare, can be hard to
notify as the customers to be notified has to be manually searched each
record at a time.
Customer Level
The management and the staff constantly try to improve the efficiency of the
system to make sure that the customers benefit from the system. The customers
may also face several problems with the use of the system which may cause
annoyance to them. So problems faced by customers are:
 Required to contact the bus station by telephone to obtain information

regarding the schedule details.
 The seat can be obtained on a first come first served basis, depending on the
people who reach the bus first after the purchase of tickets.
 Customers may not be informed of any changes in schedule if they had not
provided their contact details.


The current system which is largely a manual system involves a lot of paperwork at
all the levels of the organization. The staff of the organization and the customers
are unhappy with various aspects of the system with which they are directly
involved when working with the system. The various problems caused by the
inefficiency of the system results in an overall loss to the business and
dissatisfaction to the rest of the users.
As the main transportation system in Sri Lanka are buses and trains for inter city
travelling, the members of our System Development team were well aware of
several problems involved with Bus Travel.
From the analysis of the current system, a list of several problems at each level was
prepared.
Management Level
The management level deals with coordinating all the actions within the business to
make sure that the business gains Profit while providing a satisfying service to the
customers. The following are some of the problems faced at this level:

 Modification of the Schedules can be time consuming and very expensive,

since the manually prepared schedule has to be sent for printing and then be
distributed to the concerned stations where the buses can be boarded by the
passenger.
 Since most of the activities are performed manually, they are time
consuming. The archiving of several documents has given rise to a need for
more storage space and thus more expense.
 Changes in schedule cannot be conveyed to the customer soon enough to
satisfy the customer.
 The scheduling system being used, does not have features to provide
important information such as the popular routes, popular times when the
buses will be booked fast. This affects the ability of the organization to try
and serve the customers better
Staff Level
Staff directly deal with the customers and require the correct information from the
Management to provide a good service to the customers. The information being
conveyed to the customers should also be timely. Some of the problems at this level
are:
 Staff have the trouble of performing actions soon enough to satisfy the
customers.
 If a change in the schedule occurs, the change has to be informed to several
customers well in advance. Such a change although rare, can be hard to
notify as the customers to be notified has to be manually searched each
record at a time.
Customer Level
The management and the staff constantly try to improve the efficiency of the
system to make sure that the customers benefit from the system. The customers
may also face several problems with the use of the system which may cause
annoyance to them. So problems faced by customers are:
 Required to contact the bus station by telephone to obtain information

regarding the schedule details.

 The seat can be obtained on a first come first served basis, depending on the
people who reach the bus first after the purchase of tickets.
 Customers may not be informed of any changes in schedule if they had not
provided their contact details.

Interview
For the interview we went to the central bus stand and interviewed some peoples and
the workers of it. Those interviews are very useful to us. We analyzed our problems
according to this information.
First we interviewed the time OIC of central bus stand. We asked him how they arrange
buses in central bus stand and how does the exact process happen. First he told us
how the day to day time table is created. We will get colombo-Kandy bus as a example.
In every 15 minutes a normal bus turned out from the central bus stand. In every 20
minutes a A/C bus turned out from the central bus stand. Then he let us to refer time
tables and log sheets. He told us if the passenger wants to book a ticket. Then he has
to pay 20/= and after that he can book it. According to to this process the passenger can
book any amount of tickets that passenger want. In the crowded days he said they put
extra busses for most crowded and common routes. He told that they recording the
buss’s leaving and returning time. They give next turn to the buses according to the
return time. He said that every bus has log sheet and they must sign it from the time
keeper when their arriving and depicturing
After that we interviewed a bus conductor he told us that any length of the route is
divided in to 12 sections for easiness of the making the price. With in this one section
the ticket price is same. One section is roughly get as 1km-1.5km. after that he saw us a
ticket machine and explained that how does it work. The ticket machine has a code
number. With this particular code number bus owner can check the machine’s balance
day to day balance.
After that we went to the private bus office and interviewed Mr Ranasinhe Pranandu, Mr
Darmawanshe, Mr Nihal Arunashantha. They are senior workers of the office. They told
us that the timekeeper is the one who arrange the al works in the stand. Time table is
unique for every bus.

Also we had a interview with Mrs.Arloka karunarathne from national transportation commission
who is the head of the scheduling department. We got a good knowledge in scheduling in real
time
• Select a Normal day in a month (Expect – Fridays , After Long weekends and Mondays )
like Tuesday and Thursday and doing a road survey in a specific location in a Bus route
in a specific time slice
(Example – Take a Hour and check the passenger status in the passing buses and rate
them)
2.0  Passengers even traveling in the foot board

1.5 All Seats full 25% standing
1.0  All Seats are full
0.5 seats are also not full
Default value is 1.5 because its benefits for the both passengers and bus owners .
• Then insert this information and bus information and create the schedule.
• Schedule is done for a Day and if there are overflow of buses one bus is kept as in to
use in a emergency and other buses are send vacation (the vacation can’t exceed more
that 4 days per month )
• Modify the timetable manually because there will be more buses need in morning and
afternoon time.
• Send this timetable as trail per month and getting the feedback from the bus owners and
passengers.

Questionnaires
1. Do you use Public transport?
2. Are you satisfied with the curr ent Service s Available?

3. What are the problems you facing in the curr ent syste m?
4. In a New Pu bli c Trans po rt infr ast ruc ture what services would you like to have?

6. Do you like new ticketing methods than the old one?

Observations
When we went to the central bus stand to get information’s for our project, we saw that
some errors that should improve.
One of them is there no proper place to stay the passengers until the buses come. So
passengers are suffering from the sun shine and rain, dust.
Next thing is there is no proper way to get the bus details for the passengers. Main way
of collecting details is via the stand OIC of the central bus stand. But if he is not in his
room, then the passengers have to stay until he comes.
Other thing is there are no proper places to for time keepers of central bus stand.
Beyond the stand OIC of the central bus stand, the time keepers help passengers to
find their bus details. Time keepers are doing very responsible work of this manual
system.
Current system is a manual one. When using a manual system there is big percentage
of be a mistake. If mistake happened in a manual system it can’t detect before the
execution.
When using a manual system the process may be slow than what we excepted. Then
the money and time, resources are waste.
The other thing is when using a manual system somebody who evolves the process can
cheat. If somebody cheated it can’t detect.
Those loose points have to be corrected by the relevant authority who are responsible
for that.

Similar System analysis
Bus transportation system is one of the most popular means of transport in most
parts of the world. Handling such a large transport network requires a lot of
planning and right decisions to maintain the smooth flow of traffic. Several
developed countries around the world have been able to provide a higher standard
of transportation service to their population. Due to the large volume of travelers
per day, bus transportation is very cheap compared to several other private and
public means of transportation. One of the similar systems in other countries, which
has not only been profitable but also efficient is, Singapore’s SMRT Buses Ltd.
SMRT Buses Ltd. has been providing both railway and bus transportation in
Singapore since the year 2000, operates on a computerized system. Several
aspects of the system are computerized and manual work is kept to a very
minimum. Customers have access to several features over the Internet.
Some of the features identified in this system are:
Feature Benefit to Business Benefit to Customer

Online Ticket Purchase Less number of customers to Less time spent on
be served at the Bus Station purchasing tickets
Bus Information Cheaper and faster method for Easier and faster way of
available online conveying information to obtaining travel
customer information
Pre paid cards used Handling cash is not necessary Need not use Credit cards
for payments or cash for payment for
transactions
The above are only some of the features of the entire system. Based on one of the
systems that have proved to be successful, a few ideas for improvements can be
designed for the Sri Lankan intercity travel service.
The following decisions were taken after taking the considering the above features:
Online Ticket Purchase: An online ticket purchase system would be a very efficient
feature as it allows users to purchase tickets from the comfort of their homes. The
business also benefits from the lesser number of customers that have to be served
at the bus stands. But implementing this in a developing economy like Sri Lanka will
not be ideal. This is because the computer usage and Internet awareness in Sri
Lanka is very less. An important task such as ticket purchase cannot be
implemented in a fully computerized method. Furthermore implementing this
system would require that the users have access to a means for producing a hard
copy for their Tickets in case of verification. This requires additional expense in the
customers point for the purchase of required equipments such as printers, papers
etc. According to the Sri Lankan government’s census, a small percentage of Sri
Lankans have access to the internet. An essential aspect of the system as the
purchase of a ticket will only reduce the number of customers if the system
undergoes a major change.
Availability of Information Online: Making information available online can help if it

is for reference purpose only. This aspect of the system can be implemented to
make it easier for use and for users to refer. The information in the internet can be
viewed by the branch offices as well. A larger audience can be covered when the
information is available over the internet.
Pre Paid Card System: Pre paid system does not require users to carry cash all the
time when purchasing tickets for a particular journey.
Screen design
The user interface is one of the main features of the application as it gives the first
impression about the application to the user. The user interface will also be the only
way the user will be able to interact with the application to perform the tasks which
have been computerized. In order to give a create a good impression to the user
about the application, the user interface has to be designed in such a manner that
the user will have a pleasant experience when changing from the older system and
continue working with it.
In order to create the user interface for this application, the title bars for each form
will contain graphical elements so that the interface will resemble the title bars of
the operating system for which this application is designed for (i.e. Windows Vista or
Windows Seven). Buttons will also contain some graphics to enhance their look.

Help for each data entry field will be available in the form of Tool Tips. Certain fields
that are expected to have complicated procedures for data entry will have
additional details regarding data entry in the tool tips.
Figure 1- ez Link Electronic card
Figure 2 - Card sensor at bus portal

Feasibility Study
Proposed Transportation System

Sprint Systems
August 2009
I have carefully assessed the Feasibility Study for the Transportation system. This document
has been completed in accordance with the requirements of Software Development Life Cycle
MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATION - Please check the appropriate statement.
______ The document is accepted.
______ The document is accepted pending the changes noted.
______ The document is not accepted.
We fully accept the changes as needed improvements and authorize initiation of work to
proceed. Based on our authority and judgment, the continued operation of this system is
authorized.
_______________________________ _____________________

NAME DATE
Project Leader
_______________________________ _____________________
NAME DATE
Operations Division Director
_______________________________ _____________________
NAME DATE
Program Area/Sponsor Representative
_______________________________ _____________________
NAME DATE
Program Area/Sponsor Director

Technical Feasibility
Necessary Technology
This section describes the practically of the proposed system in terms of technology. We
think that proposed system will be feasible in terms of technical feasibility
To develop this systems front end we will use Microsoft visual basic.net 2008 and for the
back end database we proposed to use Microsoft SQL server 2005.
And for the web based development we will use Microsoft ASP.net technology
And for the graphic and User interface design we proposed to use vector design
software adobe fireworks CS3
And for the packaging needs we will use Install shield software packing software.
In terms of hardware to implement this system a basic standard computer with Microsoft
windows XP or Microsoft windows Vista will be required
For the implementation of the customer ticketing system it required a touch screen
display with Microsoft windows 7.
In networking aspects wireless internet access should be established with the bus stand
area.
In optional for time keeping we can implement mobile software for the timekeeper’s .this
will require windows mobile smart phones or we can implement this section that work on
a normal computer.
In server requirement aspect we need to implement a Microsoft SQL server and a Web
server with ASP.Net support. For the web system apache server or Microsoft IIS server
can be implemented but we recommend using Microsoft IIS server because apache
web server may contain difficulties in implementing ASP.net web sites .
Operational Feasibility

We think that the proposed system in terms of solving current business problems and
being more efficient and feasible. Customers can buy or book tickets from terminals.
Current manual methods are not productive and passengers have to go through the
hassle of current method. Now the ticketing and booking can be done in a single touch.
Also in timetable creation offices have to use frustrating manual methods and spend
long time.
The proposed system would certainly cause a wide change to the current transportation
system.

Schedule Feasibility
Because of the time is well managed there will be sufficient time for the project team to
complete the system. As there will be NO out sourcing or sub contacting potions of the
system .we believe that the proposed system can be developed without any delays or
extensions.
Work Break down Structure
Sushman
(CB00324 Sudantha Neranjan
Task / Member Work % 6) (CB003198) (CB003168)
Phase: Systems Planning
Identifying the Problem 33.3 33.3 33.3

Feasibility Study 50 0 50
Preliminary Report 25 50 25
Phase: Systems Analysis

Fact Finding
Interviews 33.3 33.3 33.3
Surveys 0 50 50
Observation of business
activities 0 50 50
Sampling 100 0 0
Current System Modeling
Identifying Business
Processes 10 45 45
Dataflow Diagram for
Current System 33.3 33.3 33.3
Systems Requirement
Document 70 15 15
Phase: Systems Design

Dataflow Diagram 33.3 33.3 33.3
33.3 33.3 33.3

Data Dictionary
Database Design
Entity Relationship
10 45 45
Diagram
Table Design 25 25 50
Normalization 60 20 20
Hierarchy Diagram 33.3 33.3 33.3
Algorithm Design 50 25 25
Interface Design

Input Design 50 40 10
Phase: System Development

Form Design
Programming
– 33.3 -
Report Design
Phase: Testing
Test Plan 33.3 33.3 33.3
System Testing 50 50 0
Interface Testing 25 25 50
Validations 25 25 50
Integration Testing 33.3 33.3 33.3
Phase: Implementation
Installation 33 33 33
User Training 25 25 50
Phase: Documentation
User Documentation 33 33 33
Technical Documentation 40 40 20
Help Files 25 25 50

Grant Chart

Economic Feasibility
We think that the proposed system would be a good investment for the all sections who
take part in the bus industry .we believe that implementing this system could bring out
some financial benefits to the company
Tangible benefits
We preserve that proposed system would be able to bring tangible benefits in terms of
reduction of the increase in customer bookings and use of public transport because
easy booking and ticketing system and lower cost on infrastructuredevelopment cost .
In-tangible benefits
In terms of in-tangiblebenefits morale of passengers, bus owners, bus conductors and
government transport offices, due to lowering of stress in job .also this system will
increase the customer good will in public transpiration due to efficient system.
Tangible Costs
This proposed system may have several tangible costs which include equipment cost,
training and Maintenance cost. Onetime costs will include system development and site
networking costs
In our final opinion implementing this system will be beneficial because benefits could
be obtained outweigh the cost in long time run

Costs
Section Description Cost (LKR)
LCD Touch screen displays for ticketing 35000.00

Hardware Costs
LCD Widescreen displays 25000.00
Desktop PC 50000.00
Microsoft SQL Server Licensing Free

Software Costs
Microsoft .net Framework Free
Windows Licensing 10000.00
Analyzing cost 75000.00
Software Design 60000.00

Design Costs
Implementation 15000.00
Training 5000.00
Stationary Cost 1500.00

Other Costs
Traveling charges 500.00
Other 2000.00

TANGIBLE BENEFITS WORKSHEET

Proposed Public Transportation System
1 Cost Reduction 100000

2 Paper Waste reduction 25000
3 Other Waste Reduction 15000
TOTAL tangible benefits RS 104000
ONE-TIME COST WORKSHEET

1 Software Development Cost 10000

2 Hardware Cost 600000
3 Electrical Equipment Cost 25000
4 Software Cost 75000

5 Networking Cost 12500

6 Other 5000
TOTAL One-time Cost RS 727500
RECURRING COST WORKSHEET

1 Software Maintenance 5000

2 Hardware Maintenance 15000
3 Networking Maintenance 2000
4 Software License Renewal Free
5 Other -
TOTAL recurring cost RS 22000

Legal Feasibility
We believe that there will be no legal problems due to implementation of the proposed
system. in terms of software legal we proposed to use original Licensed software and
operating systems in the implemented systems .also for the development we will use
original software’s which we received from Microsoft MSDN Academic alliance program
(MSDNAA) .
Social Feasibility
Due to certain changes in public transpiration system .the passengers and bus owners
will get a whole new approach .also there will be some changes in terms of jobs
(Example – Present Bus Conductor will work as a ticket checker in the proposed
system.) we hope that any parties will not meet any difficulties because there will be
training session to the workers and passengers.

Final Conclusion
Technical Feasibility 
Operational Feasibility 
Schedule Feasibility 
Economic Feasibility 
Legal Feasibility 
Social feasibility 
Proposed Transportation System Project is feasible and it is worthwhile to continue this

project.
Methodology

Figure 3 - Software Development Life Cycle
SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE will be used as our methodology in the

project.

NEW SYSTEM DESGIN
Project Objectives
Development of software requires all the skills from the members of the
development team. Objectives are laid to make sure that all the group members
have a clear understanding of the scenario for which the software system is being
developed as the solution.
The objective of the project in hand is to create a system that uses software to
automate a large part of the Inter City Bus Transportation System in Sri Lanka. The
problem will have to be analysed thoroughly and accurately, using various fact
finding and documenting techniques to make sure that the design of the system can
be carried out.

Benefits of the proposed System
Customers
• Providing Customer a rechargeable travel account and terminal based self ticketing system
• Providing Information about Bus routes and Timetables to the passengers
• Providing Reports to Customers.
Organization
• Proper Organization of Bus Details, Timetables and Time Keeping.

• Keep Track on the Transaction Details
• Provide Various Reports to the management
• Reduce the overall management cost
Assumptions
The following are some of the assumptions that were made to design a solution for
the problem.

• All passengers who travel using the Bus Service will willingly provide all
necessary information required for the complete functionality of the system
(including email address, contact numbers and address).
• It has to be assumed that there are enough buses for all the journeys that are
scheduled for all the schedules.
• A bus and the driver will return in 3 days or less from the destination to
which they have left for.

Project Scope
Functions

Project Limitation
 Only consider about intercity travels form bus terminal and cannot issue
tickets for the intermediate bus stops.
 The Schedule time table is created per day and it will be continued to the
upcoming two months and some parts of that schedule can’t be changed.
 Assigning buses is not done in a circular way and it’s done in random. So it
will be mot fare for some buses.
 Fare for selected location is not calculated and its hardcoded with the location
details.
 Management staff and the timekeeper should be use the same software
solution.
 If customer buys multiple tickets all the ticket information will print in the
same paper there will be no separate tickets
 Cannot locate where the bus is.
 Ones a booking is done it cannot be modified or canceled.

Data Flow diagram
Context Diagram

Level 0
Data Dictionary

Entities
Name Description Input data output data flow

flow
Customer Customer is the Payment details,
person who going Available Destination, Time ,
to interact with Schedule, Required Schedule
these facilities Tickets
Management Management is Bus Details, Time
the thing that Bus Details, and Staff, Location
going to manage Location Details, Bus Details
all of these staffs Details
Time Keeper Time Keeper is the - Selected Schedule,
person who Time
interact with the
time and
scheduling

Process
Name Description Input data output data Process description

flow flow
Searching Bus, This process is help to Location Bus Details, BEGIN
Staff and Location the user to Details Location
Details about the bus Details
IF
Schedules
user want to see Bus
Details
THEN
Show it
ELSE
user want to see

Location Details
THEN
get it from the location

file data storage
AND
Show it
END
Schedule All the scheduling Location Bus Schedule BEGIN
Preparation algorithms are Details, Time
prepared in this and staff
IF
process
management sends Bus
Details, Location
Details, Time and staff
THEN
get it
AND

gives it to Schedule files

data storage
END
Schedule Selection This process is help to Destination, Available BEGIN

the user to select his Time, Schedule
appropriate Schedule Schedule
IF
Availability
the customer wants to
see the Available
Schedule
THEN
show it
END
Schedule All the purchasing and Available Schedule BEGIN
Booking/Purchase booking things are Credit, Availability,
happened in this Required Ticket
IF
process Schedule
the customer wants to
buy the tickets
ELSEIF
customer has sufficient

credit in his account
THEN
issue it
ELSE
Ask him to recharge
END
Recording Start In this process records Selected Available BEGIN
and Return Times all Start and Return Schedule, Credit, Time
Times Available
IF
Credit, Time
bus has come THEN

record the time
ELSE
bus has returned
THEN
record he time
END
Account Using this process Payment Payment BEGIN

Recharging user can recharge his Details Details
account
IF
customer recharge the

account
THEN
update it
and
Give the details to the

customer details
storage device
END
Saving Details All the required details Bus Details Bus Details, BEGIN
are recorded in this Location
process Details
IF
Reserved bus details
THEN
Save it
END

Data stores
Name Description Input data output data Data structure

flow flow
Location File Store all the detail Location Location From where to where
about the locations Details Details
Bus File Store all the detail - Bus Details Bus number, worker’s
about the bus and it’s names, worker’s address,
workers worker’s contact numbers
Schedule File Store all the detail Schedule Schedule Bus turns with its time,
about the Scheduling Availability, Availability Route details
Time, Bus
Schedule
Customer Store all the detail Payment Available Credit status,

Details about the Customer Details Credit

Data Flows
Name Description Source Destination Data structure
Bus Details Get the bus Management Searching Bus, Bus number, worker’s
details external entity Staff and Location names, worker’s address,
Details Process worker’s contact numbers,
route number, router name
Location Get the Management Searching Bus, From where to where
Details Location external entity Staff and Location
details Details Process
Location Get the Searching Bus, Location file data From where to where
Details Location Staff and Location storage
details Details Process
Bus Details Get the bus Schedule Management Bus number, worker’s
details Preparation external entity names, worker’s address,
Process worker’s contact numbers,
Time and Staff Get the time Schedule Management Time of the next turn
Preparation external entity
Process
Location Get the Schedule Management From where to where
Details Location Preparation external entity
details Process
Bus Schedule Get schedule Schedule File Schedule Time of the next turn
details data storage Preparation
Process
Destination, Get the time Schedule Customer time
Time that user Selection Process external entity
entered
Available Get the Customer Schedule Time of the next turn, bus
Schedule schedule external entity Selection Process number
details
Schedule Get the Schedule Schedule File Time of the next turn, bus
Availability schedule Selection Process data storage number
details
Required Enter what Schedule Customer From where to where, time
Schedule kind of Booking/Purchase external entity
schedule that Process

user want
Ticket Issue the Customer Schedule ticket
tickets external entity Booking/Purchase
Process
Schedule Get the Schedule File Schedule Time of the next turn, bus
Availability schedule data storage Booking/Purchase number
details Process
Available Give the Schedule Recording Start Amount of credits
Credit status of the Booking/Purchase and Return Times
credits Process Process
Time Enter the time Recording Start Timekeeper time that bus has stared ,
that bus has and Return Times external entity time that bus has returned
stared and Process
returned
Selected Choose the Recording Start Timekeeper Appropriate schedule
Schedule correct and Return Times external entity
schedule Process
Time Enter the time Schedule File Recording Start Enter the time that bus has
that bus has data storage and Return Times stared and returned
stared and Process
returned
Available Give the Recording Start Customer details Amount of credits
Credit status of the and Return Times data storage
credits Process
Payment Give the Account Customer Amount of payment, date,
Details payment Recharging external entity time

details Process
Payment Give the Customer details Account Amount of payment, date,
Details payment data storage Recharging time

details Process
Location Get the Location files data Saving Details From where to where
Details Location storage Process
details
Bus Details Get the bus Bus File data Saving Details Bus number, worker’s
details storage Process names, worker’s address,
worker’s contact numbers,
Bus Details Get the bus Saving Details Management Bus number, worker’s
details Process external entity names, worker’s address,
worker’s contact numbers,


Hierarchy chart

Entity Relationship diagram

Database Design
Un normalized Form
Location (Location ID, Description, Distance, Rate)
Staff(Staff ID, Full Name, Position, Assigned Bus, Contact Details, Address, Password)
Bus(Bus No., Engine Capacity, Engine Number, Tax Expiry Date, Type, Assigned Schedule)
Customer(Customer ID, Name, Identification Number, Email Address, Contact Number,

Address, Account Balance, Password)
Schedule(Schedule Number, Source, Gate Number, Driver ID, Estimated Departure Date,
Estimated Departure Time, Actual Departure Date, Actual Departure Time, Location ID,
Estimated Arrival Date, Estimated Arrival Time, Actual Arrival Date, Actual Arrival Time)
Schedule Booking(Booking ID, Schedule ID, Customer ID, Booking Time, Number of Seats,
Fare per Seat)
First Normalized Form
Location(Location ID, Description, Distance, Rate)

Estimated Arrival Date, Estimated Arrival Time, Actual Arrival Date, Actual Arrival Time)
Schedule Booking(Booking ID, Schedule ID, Customer ID, Booking Time, Number of Seats,
Fare per Seat)
Repeating groups have been removed

Second and Third Normalized Form
Location(Location ID, Description, Distance, Rate)

Estimated Arrival Date, Estimated Arrival Time, Actual Arrival Date, Actual Arrival Time,
Assigned Bus, Assigned Driver, Assigned Ticket Checker)
Schedule Booking (Booking ID, Schedule ID, Customer ID, Booking Time, Number of Seats,
Fare per Seat)

Table: Schedule Booking

Field Name Type Length Constraints Description
Booking ID (PK) TEXT 10 10 Booking ID
characters
limited,
required field
Schedule ID TEXT 10 10 Schedule ID
characters
limited,
required field
Customer ID TEXT 10 10 Customer ID
characters
limited,
required field
Booking Time DATE/TIME 8 8 characters Booking
limited Time
Number of TEXT 3 3 characters No. Seats in
Seats limited a bus
Fare per Seat CURRANCY 3 3 characters Price per
limited seat

Table: Customer
Customer ID TEXT 10 10 Customer Id

characters
limited,
required field
Name TEXT 20 20 Customer
characters name
limited,
required field
Identification TEXT 10 10 Customer
No. characters NIC
limited,
required field
Email Address TEXT 10 10 Customer
characters email
limited
Contact No. NUMBER 10 10 Customer
characters Contact
limited Number
Address MEMO 60 60characters Customer
limited Address
AccountBalance CURRANCY 3 3 characters Available
limited account
balance
Password TEXT 10 10 Customer
characters Password
limited,
required field

Table: Staff
Staff ID(PK) TEXT 10 10 Staff ID
characters
limited,
required field
Full Name TEXT 20 20 Full name of
characters Staff
limited, member
Position TEXT 10 10 Position of
characters the staff
limited, member
required field
Contact Details TEXT 10 10 Staff contact
characters details
limited,
Address MEMO 60 60characters Staff Address
limited,
Password TEXT 10 10 Password of
characters the Staff
limited, member
required field
Table: Schedule
Schedule TEXT 10 10 Schedule
Number characters Number
limited,
required field
Source TEXT 15 10 Bus Source
characters
limited,
required field
Gate Number TEXT 10 10 Bus Gate
characters Number
limited
Driver ID, TEXT 10 10 Driver ID
characters
limited
Estimated DATE/TIME 8 8 characters Estimated
Departure Date limited Departure
Date
Departure Time limited Departure
Time
Actual DATE/TIME 8 8 characters Actual
Departure Date limited Departure
Date
Actual DATE/TIME 8 8 characters Actual
Departure Time limited Departure
Time
Location ID TEXT 10 10 Location ID
characters
limited
Arrival Date limited Arrival Date
Arrival Time limited Arrival Time
Actual Arrival DATE/TIME 8 8 characters Actual Arrival
Date limited Date
Actual Arrival DATE/TIME 8 8 characters Actual Arrival
Time limited Time
Assigned Bus TEXT 10 10 Assigned Bus
characters
limited
Assigned Driver TEXT 10 10 Assigned
characters Driver
limited
Assigned Ticket TEXT 10 10 Assigned
Checker characters Ticket
limited Checker


Table: Schedule Booking

Booking ID TEXT 10 10 Booking ID
characters
limited,
required field
Schedule ID TEXT 10 10 Schedule ID
characters
limited,
required field
Customer ID TEXT 10 10 Customer ID
characters
limited,
required field
Booking Time DATE/TIME 8 8 characters Booking ID
limited
Number of TEXT 10 10 Number of
Seats characters seats in the
limited bus
Fare per Seat CURRANCY 3 3characters Fare per seat
limited

Table: Location
Location ID, TEXT 10 10
characters
Location ID
limited,
required field
Description MEMO 25 20 Location
characters Description
limited,
Distance TEXT 5 4 characters Location
limited, Distance
Rate CURRANCY 3 3 characters
limited,
Location
required field
Rate


Algorithms and Pseudo codes








Screen Design
The user interface is one of the main features of the application as it gives the first
impression about the application to the user. The user interface will also be the only
way the user will be able to interact with the application to perform the tasks which
have been computerized. In order to give a create a good impression to the user
about the application, the user interface has to be designed in such a manner that
the user will have a pleasant experience when changing from the older system and
continue working with it.
In order to create the user interface for this application, the title bars for each form
will contain graphical elements so that the interface will resemble the title bars of
the operating system for which this application is designed for (i.e. Windows Vista or
Windows Seven). Buttons will also contain some graphics to enhance their look.
Help for each data entry field will be available in the form of Tool Tips. Certain fields
that are expected to have complicated procedures for data entry will have
additional details regarding data entry in the tool tips.

Form frmBooking
Name
Form Title Schedule Booking
Image
Figure 2 Login Form (1)
Figure 3 Login Form (2)

Descriptio Provides security to the system by limiting the access to the system to only
n authorized users who have been assigned a password by the Management.
Features Login Feature with The user name and the password have to be
Password provided to login to the system
Access Rights Controls the view of the main form according to
the user’s access rights. The view in the main
form decides the forms which can be opened by
a particular user
Password Change Any user who has can login to the system is
allowed to change their password after they
have logged on to the system. This option will
change the view of the
Auto Log Off Even after the user logs in to the system, the
form will be running in the background
monitoring the activity status of the users. If the
user remains inactive for several minutes the
form will auto log off the user from the system
to avoid unauthorised users from using the
information system

Form frmBooking
Name
Descriptio
n
Features

Form frmBooking
Name
Image
Figure 1: Schedule Booking Form

Descriptio The schedule booking form will be used by cashiers at the organisation to
n perform tasks related to inquiry and booking of tickets for customers.
Features Viewing Schedules All the schedules available for a day can be
viewed using this form.
Ticket Price Calculation When the schedule for a particular destination is
selected along with the required number of
seats for the journey, the price for can be
calculated.
Ticket Receipt Printing The receipt for a particular ticket can be
generated and printed using this form.

Form Frmschedule details

Name
Form Title Schedule Details
Image
Descriptio This form will be used to input the bus schedule details to the system
n
Features Take the schedule details input and generates

the time table for the routes.
Input details of schedules

Form Frmcusdetails
Name
Form Title Customer Details
Image
Descriptio
n
Features

Form frmtime_keeping
Name
Form Title Time Keeping
Image
Descriptio Provides security to the system by limiting the access to the system to only
n authorized users who have been assigned a password by the Management.
Features Login Feature with The user name and the password have to be
Password provided to login to the system
Access Rights Controls the view of the main form according to
the user’s access rights. The view in the main
form decides the forms which can be opened by
a particular user
Password Change Any user who has can login to the system is
allowed to change their password after they
have logged on to the system. This option will
change the view of the
Auto Log Off Even after the user logs in to the system, the
form will be running in the background
monitoring the activity status of the users. If the
user remains inactive for several minutes the
form will auto log off the user from the system
to avoid unauthorised users from using the

information system
Form frmstaff
Name
Form Title Staff Details
Image
Descriptio This form will helps to input data from the about staff members
n
Features

Form frmLocation
Name
Form Title Location Form
Image
Figure 1: Location Form

Descriptio The location form will be used by the administration to enter the location
n information, distance and rate.
Features
Add/Remove/Updat Add/Remove/Update Location Information, distance

e Location and rate
information

Form frmcustemain
Name
Form Title Customer main menu
Image
Descriptio Form that displays at the customer terminal to customer to Buy

n tickets/Bookings, Recharge account and get account reports.
Features Navigation Navigate customer to buy tickets/Bookings, Recharge

account and get account reports.

Report Design
We basically provide 6 reports in our system in our system.
• Bus Schedule Report
• Passenger Ticket
• Passenger Account Report
• Bus Schedule Timetable
• Transaction Report
• Bus Location report

National Transportation Comisson

Park Road,Colombo
Route Name: xxx xxxx Route No:

xxx
Issued Date: DD/MM/YYYY
No Bus Number Departure Time

xx xxxx-xxx xxxxx
Xx xxxx-xxx xxxxx
Reserved Bus
xxxxx
Page x of x


Park Road,Colombo
Issued Date: DD/MM/YYYY Time : xxxx
No Bus Number Location Due Leaving

time
xx xxxx-xxx xx xxx xxx
Xx xxxx-xxx xx xxx xxx
Page x of x

Park Road,Colombo


xxx
No Bus Number No. Passengers Income

xx xxxx-xxx xx RS.xxx xxx
Xx xxxx-xxx xx RS.xxx xxx
TOTAL INCOME: RS.xxx xxxx
Page x of x

Park Road,Colombo

xxx

No Bus Number Due Departure Departure Late

Time Time
xx xxxx-xxx xx xx YES
Xx xxxx-xxx xx xx NO
Page x of x

Park Road,Colombo
Route Name: xxx xxxx

Issued Date: DD/MM/YYYY
Route 1
No Bus Number Departure Time
xx xxxx-xxx xxxxx
Xx xxxx-xxx xxxxx
Route 2
xx xxxx-xxx xxxxx
Xx xxxx-xxx xxxxx
Page x of x


References

Conclusion
The Objective of the project was to analyze the current bus transportation system and come out
with a computerized system. Many areas in bus passenger transportation will be provide
First few weeks we research and analyze about the current transportation system by
interviewing passengers, officers at Colombo Central bus stand and offices at national
transportation commission.
After that we came up with the proper logical design for the proposed system using Data flow
diagrams, Data dictionaries. Also come with the proper database designs
Comparing with the current manual system proposed computerized system will provide more
efficient services to passengers and transportation authority.

Appendix

Computzing The Bus Tranporation in Sri-Lanka

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SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

National Transport Commission (NTC) is the government organization which handles

ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 1

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CURRENT SYSTEM ANALYSIS

Current System analysis

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 Modification of the Schedules can be time consuming and very expensive,

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 Required to contact the bus station by telephone to obtain information

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 Modification of the Schedules can be time consuming and very expensive,

 Required to contact the bus station by telephone to obtain information

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2.0  Passengers even traveling in the foot board

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1. Do you use Public transport?

2. Are you satisfied with the curr ent Service s Available?

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6. Do you like new ticketing methods than the old one?

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Similar System analysis

Some of the features identified in this system are:

Feature Benefit to Business Benefit to Customer

Availability of Information Online: Making information available online can help if it

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Figure 1- ez Link Electronic card

Figure 2 - Card sensor at bus portal

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Proposed Transportation System

MANAGEMENT CERTIFICATION - Please check the appropriate statement.

______ The document is accepted.

______ The document is accepted pending the changes noted.

______ The document is not accepted.

ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 22

Operations Division Director

Program Area/Sponsor Representative

Program Area/Sponsor Director

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Work Break down Structure

Identifying the Problem 33.3 33.3 33.3

Phase: Systems Analysis

Phase: Systems Design

33.3 33.3 33.3

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Phase: System Development

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Section Description Cost (LKR)

LCD Touch screen displays for ticketing 35000.00

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