UNIT-I IC FABRICATION AND CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION FOR LINEAR ICS PART-A (2 MARKS) 1. Mention the advantages of integrated circuits.

2. Write down the various processes used to fabricate ICs using silicon planar technology. 3. What is the purpose of oxidation !. Why alu"inu" is preferred for "etalli#ation $. What are the popular IC pac%ages available &. 'efine an operational a"plifier. (. )ist out the ideal characteristics* and draw the e+uivalent diagra" of an ,-. /M0. 'efine 1irtual ground property of an ,-./M2. 'raw the voltage follower circuit of an ,-./M13. 'efine the following para"eters as applied to an op.a"p. 11. Why open loop op.a"p configurations is not used in linear applications 12. 'eter"ine the slew rate of the op.a"p. 13. What is active load Where it is used and why 1!. What is an Integrated circuit 1$. Mention the advantages of integrated circuits. 1&. Write down the various processes used to fabricate ICs using silicon planar technology. 1(. What is the purpose of oxidation

10. Why alu"inu" is preferred for "etalli#ation 12. What are the popular IC pac%ages available 23. 'efine an operational a"plifier. 21. )ist out the ideal characteristics* and draw the e+uivalent diagra" of an ,-. /M22. 'efine 1irtual ground property of an ,-./M23. 'raw the voltage follower circuit of an ,-./M2!. 'efine the following para"eters as applied to an op.a"p4 i5 Input bias current ii5 Input offset current iii5 Input offset current iv5 C.M.6.6 v5 -.7.6.6 vi5 slew rate 2$. Why open loop op.a"p configurations is not used in linear applications 2&. In response to a s+uare wave input* the output of an op.a"p changed fro" .31 to 831 over a ti"e interval of 3.2$9 s. 2(. 'eter"ine the slew rate of the op.a"p. 20. What is active load Where it is used and why 22. What is current "irror 33. 'eter"ine the value of the resistance re+uired for the Widlar current "irror shown in the figure* if the reference current is 1 "/ and the control current :I 5 is 139 /. 31. In a constant current source with #ener* the #ener voltage is &.2 1. Calculate the current I in the circuit shown in the figure. PART-B 1. ;xplain in detail the fabrication of ICs using silicon planar technology.:1&5 2. :i5 ;xplain the process of epitaxial growth IC fabrication with neat diagra". :05 :ii5 ;xplain the i"portance of isolation and discuss the "ethod of isolation. :05

3. :i5 ;xplain the process of photolithography.:05 :ii5 ;xplain the process of /l "etalli#ation.:05 !. :i5 With neat circuit circuit diagra" and with necessary e+ations* explain the concept of Wildar current source used in op. a"p circuit. :1&5 $. ;xplain the operation of differential a"plifier and give its differential gain* co""on "ode gain and CM66. :1&5 &. :i5 ;xplain the "ethod of i"proving the slew rate of an op.a"p.:125 :ii5 'raw and explain briefly the e+uivalent circuit of an op.a"p. :!5 (. 'raw and explain the internal bloc% diagra" of an op.a"p.:1&5 0. :i5 'iscuss do"inat pole fre+uency co"pensation in operational a"plifier. :05 :ii5 'efine slew rate. ;xplain the cause of slew rate and derive an expression for slew rate for voltage follower.:05. 2. :i5 What is an active load ;xplain the C; a"plifier with active load.:05 :ii5 ;xplain pole.#ero co"pensation. :05 13. ;xplain the /C and 'C characteristics of an op.a"p. UNIT-II APPLICATIONS OF OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS PART-A ( 2 MARKS) 1. <ive so"e applications of Co"parator. 2. What is a window detector 3. )ist the types of co"parators. !. 'ifferentiate 7ch"itt trigger and co"parator. $. What are the li"itations of an ideal active differentiator

&. 7tate the i"portant features of an instru"entation a"plifier. (. =ow does the precision rectifier differ fro" the conventional rectifier 0. What are the advantages of active filters over the passive filters 2. 'raw the fre+. response of the )->. 13. What is an antilog a"plifier 'raw the circuit of an antilog a"plifier. 11. What is a 1 to C convertor 12. 'raw the circuit of an integrator. 13. Why integrators are preferred over differentiators in analog co"puters 1!. <ive so"e applications of Co"parator. 1$. What is a window detector 1&. )ist the types of co"parators. 1(. 'ifferentiate 7ch"itt trigger and co"parator. 10. What are the li"itations of an ideal active differentiator 12. 7tate the i"portant features of an instru"entation a"plifier. 23. =ow does the precision rectifier differ fro" the conventional rectifier 21. What are the advantages of active filters over the passive filters 22. 'raw the fre+. response of the )->. 23. What is an antilog a"plifier 'raw the circuit of an antilog a"plifier. 2!. What is a 1 to C convertor 2$. 'raw the circuit of an integrator and give its output wavefor". 2&. ?wo voltages 811 and 812 are available. @sing two operational a"plifiers draw a circuit to co"pute $11.312. 2(. Why integrators are preferred over differentiators in analog co"puters

PART-B 1. 7how with help of circuit diagra" an op.a"p used as :i5 7cale changer* :ii5 -hase shifter* :iii5 Inverting adder and Aon. inverting adder. 'raw an op.a"p circuit whose output is 11812.13.1!.:1&5 2. :i5 ;xplain the operation of 7ch"itt trigger :135 :ii5 ;xplain log a"plifier :&5 3. :i5 'iscuss the wor%ing of instru"entation a"plifier. Aa"e two applications of the sa"e.:135 :ii5 /n input dc voltage shown in figure is fed to an op.a"p integrator with 6C B 1 sec. >ind the output and s%etch. ,p. a"p is nulled initially. (6) !. :i5 'esign an op C a"p 7ch"itt trigger with 1@?B 21* 1)?B .!1 D the output swings bEw 8131. If the iEp is $ sin wt * plot iEp D oEp wavefor"s.:05 :ii5 'esign a circuit to i"ple"ent 1oB3.$!$1383.2(31!.1.2$11.212. :05 $. :i5 'raw the circuit diagra" of a second order butter worth active low pass filter and derive an expression for its transfer function.:135 :ii5 'esign the above "entioned filter for a cutoff fre+uency of 1 F=# and a da"ping factor of 1.!.:&5 &. :i5 'esign a second order Gutterworth active high pass filter for a cutoff fre+uency of $ %=#. :135 :ii5 ;xplain antilog a"plifier :&5 (. :i5 'esign an op.a"p circuit to give an output voltage 13B311.2128$13 where 11* 12* and 13 are inputs.:05 :ii5 What is a precision diode With circuit sche"atic explain the wor%ing principle of full wave precision rectifier. :05 0. :i5 ;xplain a positive clipper circuit usig an op.a"p and a diode with neat diagra"s.:05

:ii5 ;xplain a si"ple op.a"p differentiator. Mention its li"itations. 'esign an op. a"p differentiator that will differentiate an input signal with f"axB133=#. UNIT III ANALOG MULTIPLIER AND PLL PART-A (2 MARKS) 1. )ist out the bloc%s of -)). 2. 'efine the following ter"s related to -))* a5 Capture range b5 )oc% range. 3. 'raw the types of low pass filter circuits involved in -)). !. Write the expression of a5 capture range b5 loc% range $. 'efine voltage to fre+uency conversion factor of 1C,. &. Mention the applications of analog "ultipliers. (. )ist out the applications of -)). 0. 'efine phase transfer conversion coefficient of -)). 2. Griefly write on fre+uency synthesi#ers. 13. ;xplain how a fre+uency doubler can be reali#ed using analog "ultiplier. 11. What is a co"pander IC 12. What is a pea% detector 13. 'raw the functional bloc% diagra" of a -)) circuit. 1!. What are the advantages e"itter coupled pair PART-B

1. :i5 With circuit diagra"* explain the wor%ing of variable transconductance "ultiplier. What is its li"itation :135 :ii5 =ow an analog "ultiplier used as fre+uency doubler :&5 2. ;xplain the wor%ing of four +uadrant <ilbert cell "ultiplier circuit.:1&5 3. What are the building bloc% of -)) explain its wor%ing.:1&5 !. :i5 'raw and explain the operation of 1C, IC $&& and derive the expression for fo.:135 $. :ii5 ;xplain the fre+uency synthesi#er using -)). :05 &. ;xplian the "onolithic -)) A;E7; $&$ with necessary diagra"s.:1&5 (. :i5 'erive the expression for capture range and loc%. in.range of -)).:135 :ii5 What are the functions of )-> in -)) :&5 0. ;xplain the applications of -)).:1&5 2. ;xplain various types of phase detectors used in -)).:1&5 UNIT-IV ANALOG TO DIGITAL AND DIGITAL TO ANALOG CONVERTERS PART-A (2 MARKS) 1. ;xplain the operation of basic sa"ple and hold circuit. 2. 7tate the advantages and applications of sa"ple and hold circuits. 3. )ist the drawbac%s of binary weighted resistor techni+ue of 'E/ conversion. !. What is the advantage and disadvantages of flash type /'C $. ?he basic step of a 2 bit '/C is 13.3 "1. If 333333333 represents 31olts* what is the output an input of 131131111 &. Why does the dual slope /'C provide excellent noise reHection of /C signal whose periods are integral "ultiples of the integration ti"e

(. >ind the resolution of a 12 bit '/C converter. 0. 'raw the "onolithic sa"ple and hold IC. 2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of 6.26 ladder '/C. 13. 'efine start of conversion and end of conversion. 11. What are the types of /'C and '/C. 12. What is the difference between direct /'C and integrating type /'C. 13. Which is fastest /'C 7tate the reason. 1!. <ive the advantages of integrating type /'C. PART-B 1. ;xplain the operation of 6.26 ladder type '/C and the weighted resistor type '/C:1&5 2. :i5 'raw and explain the operation of sa"ple and hold circuits. :05 :ii5 ;xplain the operation of inverted 6.26 ladder type '/C. :05 3. :i5 'raw and explain the functional diagra" of the successive approxi"ation /'C converter. :05 :ii5 ;xplain the wor%ing of >lash /'C.:05 !. :i5 / dual slope /'C uses a 1& bit counter and a ! M=# cloc% rate. ?he "axi"u" input voltage is B131. ?he "axi"u" n integrator output voltage should be .01 when the counter has cycled through 2 counts. ?he capacitor used in the integrator is 3.19 >. >ind the value of the resistor 6 of the integrator. If the analog signal is B !. 122 1* find the corresponding binary nu"ber. :05 :ii5 =ow "any bits are re+uired to design a '/C that can have a resolution of $"1 ?he ladder has B01 full scale. :05 $. ;xplain the principle of operations. a5 7ingle slope /'C converter. b5 'ual slope /'C converter. &. :i5 'efine following perfor"ance para"eters of 'E/ converters4 :05 a5 6esolution

b5 /ccuracy c5 Monotonicity d5 Conversion ti"e :ii5 ;xplain the following with reference of /'C4 :05 a5 Conversion ti"e b5 /ccuracy c5 6esolution ti"e d5 Iuanti#ation ti"e (. :i5 =ow "any co"parators are re+uired for a !.bit flash /'C >or an input signal in the range of 3 to 8131. What are the reference voltages needed 7how how they can be generated using a 131 reference and several 1 Foh" resistors. :05 :ii5 ;xplain the over sa"pling /E' convertor with functional bloc% diagra".:05 0. :i5 ;xplain the voltage to ti"e convertor with functional bloc% diagra".:05 :ii5 ;xplain the switches for '/C.:05 UNIT-V SPECIAL FUNCTION INTEGRATED CIRCUITS PART-A (2 MARKS) 1. What are the operating "odes of a $$$ ti"er 2. )ist out the applications of $$$ ti"er 3. 'efine sin% current and source current !. 'efine nor"ally ,A load and nor"ally ,>> load $. What is the use of reset pin of $$$ ti"er &. What is the purpose of control voltage pin :$5 of $$$ ti"er

(. )ist out the "aHor bloc%s of $$$ ti"er functional diagra" 0. 'efine duty cycle 2. Write the expression for pulse width of $$$ ti"er in "onostable "ode 13. Write the expression for total ti"e period of $$$ ti"er in astable "ode 11. What is the fre+uency of oscillation of free running "ode of $$$ ti"er 12. )ist out the applications of $$$ ti"er in astable "ode 13. )ist out the applications of $$$ ti"er in "onostable "ode 1!. 'efine voltage regulators and give the types 1$. What do you "ean by linear voltage regulators 1&. 'efine switched voltage regulators 1(. What are the advantages of adHustable voltage regulators over the fixed voltage regulators 12. )ist out the para"eters related to the fixed voltage regulators 23. 'efine dropout voltage of a fixed voltage regulator 21. What is an opto.coupler IC <ive exa"ples. 22. Mention the advantages of opto.couplers. 23. What is an isolation a"plifier 2!. 'raw the internal circuit for audio power a"plifier. PART-B 1. :i5 ;xplian the operation of ?riangular wave generator.:05 :ii5 ;xplian the operation of 7ine wave generator. :05 2. ;xplain the various types "ultivibrators using op.a"p.:1&5 3. :i5 With diagra" explain the wor%ing principle of IC) 0330 function generator. :135

:ii5 ;xplain the operation of 7aw tooth wave generator op.a"p.:1&5 !. ;xplain in detail the function of $$$ ti"er in astable "ode and derive the expression for fre+uency of oscillation. (16) $. ;xplain in detail the function of $$$ ti"er in "onostable and derive the expression for fre+uency of oscillation. (16) &. :i5 'raw the internal functional diagra" of $$$ ti"er and explain briefly about each pin . :135 :ii5 Write a short note on ,ptocouplers :&5 (. :i5 =ow is voltage regulators classified ;xplain a series voltage regulator.:05 :ii5 ;xplain the operation of fre+uency to voltage convertors.:05 0. ;xplain the operation of IC(23 and design an adHustable voltage regulator using IC (23 to obtain positive low voltage and high voltage.:1&5 2. ;xplain briefly about :i5 -ower a"plifiers :$5 :ii5 ?uned a"plifiers :$5 :iii5 1ideo a"plifiers :&5 13. :i5 ;xplain )M 303 /udio a"plifier:135 :ii5 'iscuss about protection circuit used in IC regulators.:&5 11. :i5 ;xplain the >E1 convertor with a neat diagra".:135 :ii5 'raw the circuit of a switched capacitor filter and explain. :&5 12. :i5 With diagra" explain the wor%ing principle of IC) 0330 function generator. :135 :ii5 What are the different sources of error in 'E/ convertor. :&5