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GSM RF Planning Guide

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Revision History
Version Date Author Reviewed by Revision History

V1.0

2012-10-25

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Contents
1 GSM Link Budget ........................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Input (Cov) ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2 Link Budget Process and Result ......................................................................................... 4 2 GSM Simulation by Atoll ............................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Open the Engineering Template (template.ATL) ................................................................ 4 2.2 Import the Map.................................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Set the Projection Mode and Projection Zone ..................................................................... 7 2.4 Set the Propagation Model .................................................................................................. 8 2.5 Import Antenna Files ......................................................................................................... 10 2.6 Import Site and Cell Information ...................................................................................... 13 2.7 Draw Polygons .................................................................................................................. 18 2.8 Set the Standard Deviation and Penetration Loss ............. Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.9 Set the Propagation Model for the Transmitter by Polygon .............................................. 20 2.10 Calculate the Path Loss ................................................................................................... 24 2.11 Network Performance Predictions................................................................................... 25 2.11.1 RSCP Plot .......................................................................................................... 26 2.11.2 Ec/Io Plot............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.11.3 Best Server Plot ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.11.4 Handoff Status Plot .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.11.5 Eb/No Plot.......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.11.6 Throughput Plot ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.12 Output Simulation Plots and Statistical Results .............................................................. 30 2.12.1 Print PDF-Format Simulation Plots................................................................ 30 2.12.2 Output Statistical Results ................................................................................ 32

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1 GSM Link Budget

The Link Budget Tool is attached below:

LinkBudget_2G.xls

1.1 Link Budget Process and Result From sheet LB(DU) to LB(HW) we can find the link budget process and result for each type of area.

2 GSM Simulation by Atoll

2.1 Open the Engineering Template (template.ATL)

All settings of bearers, services, terminals, carriers and antennas are integrated into the engineering template. Therefore, we only need to open the engineering template instead of creating a blank engineering project to set wireless parameters item by item.

2.2 Import the Map

Click File and choose Import:

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Import the index file in the folder clutter, height and vector respectively, in random order. Pay attention to the data type while importing. As shown in the figure below, select Clutter Classes, Altitudes and Vectors in respective correspondence with the imported clutter, height and vector data. The option Embed refers to whether the calculation file is to be embedded in the project.

Specially, after clutter data are imported, double click Clutter Classes of Geo. Click Refresh on the Description page to filter out clutters that dont exist in the map actually.
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Then set the standard deviation and orthogonality Factor.

Four kinds of standard deviation are involved, whose definition by Atoll is as follows: Model Standard Deviation: used to calculate the shadow fading margin of path loss. The shadow fading margin is related to the standard deviation of the propagation model and user-defined edge coverage probability. Ec/Io Standard Deviation: used to calculate the shadow fading margin of Ec/Io. The shadow fading margin is related to the standard deviation of the propagation model and user-defined edge coverage probability. Eb/Nt Standard Deviation DL: used to calculate the shadow fading margin of DL Eb/Nt. The shadow fading margin is related to the standard deviation of the propagation model and user-defined edge coverage probability. Eb/Nt Standard Deviation UL: used to calculate the shadow fading margin of UL Eb/Nt. The shadow fading margin is related to the standard deviation of the propagation model
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and user-defined edge coverage probability. These four kinds of standard deviation can be set as the set value.

2.3 Set the Projection Mode and Projection Zone Set the primary and secondary projection modes and zones through tools-options.

The primary projection mode and zone must agree with those of the map (the projection mode and zone of the map are displayed in file Projection of folder Height). Since the secondary projection mode and zone are for the sake of our view, wed better set them in the form of longitude and latitude, as shown in the figure below. We should modify the projection mode and zone the moment the map is imported. Please note that the projection mode (Display) should be set in the form of longitude and latitude. There are four formats to display the longitude and latitude: -xx.xxxxx: decimal format, with the south latitude and west longitude displayed in negative form. xx.xxxxs: decimal format with the south & north latitude and east & west longitude distinguished by means of N, S, E, and W. xxdxxmxx.xxs: in the format of degree (d), minute (m) and second (s). xxxxxx.xx: in the format of degree (), minute () and second ().
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The format in accordance with sites longitude and latitude is selected, generally, the -xx.xxxxx format.

2.4 Set the Propagation Model

Standard Propagation Model (SPM) The formula is: Pathloss=k1+k2*log10(d)+k3*log10(Heff)+k4*LDiffractions+k5*log10(Heff)*log10(d)+k6 *(Hm)+kclutter*f(clutter). This is a semi-empirical and semi-deterministic model. All the K values can be obtained through the propagation model test and tuning. As shown below, duplicate a SPM, change its name (e.g. DU), and assign K values. We can get the propagation model for MU, SU and RU in the same way.

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Atolls propagation model is shown below. Parameters are distinguished according to the distance to the transmitter, which is the case of Aircom. In fact, we seldom make such distinction. In Atoll, we can ignore the five Near transmitter parameters but to change those Far from transmitter parameters. Besides, propagation models can be distinguished to line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS models. We wont make such distinction without special requirements. Therefore, k1-loss and k2-loss are the same with k1-nlos and k2-nlos respectively.

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The propagation models we use in BSNL project is as below:

GSM900 Propagation Models.xlsx

2.5 Import Antenna Files Put all antenna txt files in a folder, and create a index txt.

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Copy all the antenna file names into the index txt file.

Right click Antenna of Data, choose Import, and import the index file we prepared, then the antennas are imported in the project.

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The imported antenna as following picture

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2.6 Import Site andTransmitter Information

Edit the site table, transmitter table, whose templates are attached below. You can use the following table to practice.

GSM_MDK.xls

a. The import of Sites is shown below. On the Data page, right click Sites-Open Table, and an Excel table will appear. Paste the site information into this table, making sure that sites longitudes and latitudes are correct. Selecting Default Equipment in the Equipment column. Select the whole column, press ctrl+D to copy the content of the first row.
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Notice: 1. The Altitude in the site table refers to the altitude of the site location. It is auto-read from the digital map according to the longitudes and latitudes. Manual input may result in the distortion of simulation results. 2. When you paste the site info into the table, you must compare the column with table, hide the column in atoll(not in table).

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b. Import of Transmitter Similar to the import of Sites, right click Transmitter-Open Table, and paste the ready data into the pop-up Excel table. Or we can edit the data in the table. Notice that the pop-up table is not exactly the same with our template. We should hide those columns without correspondence. The Antenna name shall be in accord with the antennas we imported earlier, and the Main Propagation Model shall be the accordance with the propagation model we set earlier. The Transmission Feeder Length and Reception Feeder Length both equal to Height + 5m.

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Right click TransmittersEquipmentFeeder Equipment, and set the feeder loss and connector loss.

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Right click TransmittersEquipmentRecalculate Losses and Noise Figure, then the Transmission Loss and Reception Loss will be calculated automatically.

After setting Site, Transmitter respectively, set the Display-Type as Automatic through Transmitter Properties-Display of the right-click menu of Transmitters, so that sectors will be displayed in colors.

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2.7 Draw Polygons

In actual simulations, polygons are used to distinguish propagation models, spread traffic, etc. If the operator doesnt provide any polygon data, we need to draw polygons manually. As shown below, click the New Vector Layer icon.

Then a new Vector will appear on the Geo tab. Rename it as DU, for example. Click the New Polygon icon as shown below, and we can draw a polygon on the map window. We can draw the polygon of MU, SU and RU in the same way.

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On completion, we should save the polygon as tab format. Notice that the projection method and zone should conform with the map settings.

Choose Long./lat. for the coordinate system.

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If the operator has already provided such a tab file to us, this step can be omitted. But we still need to check whether the projection method of the tab file agrees with that of the map file.

2.8 Set the Propagation Model for the Transmitter by Polygon

This step is used for the sites without propagation model defined in the site information. 1) Firstly, distinguish sites by means of polygons. On the Geo tab, click Import of the right-click menu of Zones-Filtering Zone to import the existing polygon, such as RU (set the propagation model for sites in RU first, and then SU, MU and DU at last).

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Import the polygon of RU to the Filtering Zone. Then only sites in RU will display under Transmitters as shown below:

2) Click Properties in the right-click menu of Transmitters. On the pop-up page, set the propagation model for all sites within the Filtering Zone, as well as the calculation radius and resolution. Based on actual situations, the calculation radius can be set as three to four times of the link budget radius. The calculation resolution is to be the
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same as the map resolution.

3) Repeat the above step to set the propagation model for sites in other polygons. Notice that only one polygon can exist in the Filtering Zone. We need to import the polygons in turn (the previous polygon will be replaced with the newly-imported one). If we are able to distinguish whether a site belongs to each propagation model at the very beginning, we can add notes to column Comments in table Site and Transmitter when importing sites. By grouping the Comments (as shown below), we can distinguish different transmitters. It will be more convenient to set the propagation model for different groups of transmitters.

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After distinguishing different transmitters as above picture, we can set propagation model for different groups, not need to draw polygon. It will be more convenient to set the propagation model for different groups of transmitters.

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The radius is used to calculate the pass loss, in BSNL project, RU for 4000m,SU for 3000, MU for 2500,DU for 2000.

2.9 Calculate the Path Loss As the following figure shows, on the Data tab, select Calculations-Calculate Path Loss Matrices in the right-click menu of Transmitters.
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2.10 Network Performance Predictions On the Data tab, click New in the right-click menu of Predictions and the following menu will appear. We can select the item we want to view.

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2.10.1 Prediction Plot

Right-click Predictions for new and choose Coverage by Signal Level:

Change the Name and Resolution in General:

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Set the Cell Edge Coverage Probability in Condition:

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Then set the legend in Display

Then Confirm

Apply First

Then right click RSCPCalculate, then we get the RSCP Plot.

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2.11Output Simulation Plots and Statistical Results

2.11.1 Print PDF-Format Simulation Plots Set the Printing Zone before printing out the simulation plots. Import or draw the zone whose simulation plots need to be printed, or the whole map will be printed out.

In addition, make sure that the PDF printing software has been installed. The professional PDF installer will provide the print function.
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Next, set the printing. Open the print setup page through File-Print Setup as follows.

Landscape printing

Select the paper size

Distance between the print area and the paper edge

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Replaced ZTEs LOGO

with

ZTEs LOGO is attached below:

E:\ZTE logo.bmp

With settings completed, output the plots through File-Print.

2.11.2 Output Statistical Results Choose Generate Report from the right-click menu of a statistical item as follows.

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Select the object whose statistics needs to be collected. It could be a Zone or a separate clutter. In the latter case, select the area or percentage for statistical collection.

For example, the areas (km2) of the Surface Urban High Density corresponding to
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different RSCP are listed below:

Notice that the Focus Zone must be imported before statistical collection, for the Zone serves as a basis. Otherwise, there will be a prompt that The column<****>is not computed if there is no Focus Zone.

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