Bibliography Primary Sources: Abrams et al. v. United States, 250 U.S. 616. Supreme Court of the United States.

1919. Justia U.S. Supreme Court Center. Web. Dec. 2013 This case deals with a Supreme Court decision made by Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes that deals with the extent of free speech. In the Case Holmes states how he believes that all speech should be allowed because when it is allowed it society will stomp out any racist speech. Moreover, he also says that speech should only be limited if needed because of an immediate threat to the entire country. Quotes from this are on the Rights page of my website. African Americans Seek Change. Digital image. "Black People in America Seek Change: 1920s from VOA." ESL Five. Ed. John Robinson, 20 Dec. 2011. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. This source is a photo of a crowd of African Americans whose expressions show discontent and agitation. This source helps my context page by helping illustrate how hard life was for African Americans and the effect it had on them. The photo can be found on my Context page grouped with a quote and analysis describing the hard times African Americans had to go through due to racial stereotypes. Betty Boop Before and After. Digital image. Mental_floss. Mental Floss, 31 Mar. 2010. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. This image shows a comparison of the cartoon character Betty Boop before and after the Hays Code. The source helps show what effects Hays Code had on films and shorts, specifically animated films and shorts. Moreover, the image can be found on the Responsibilities page and is placed next to some analysis and a still image

from coal black showing how some requirements for the production code were forgotten when it came to different races. <http://mentalfloss.com/article/24341/quick-10-9-movies-and-shows-affected-hayscode>. Boy at Segregated Fountain. Digital image. Yahoo Voices. Yahoo, 6 Jan. 2011. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. <http://voices.yahoo.com/on-censorship-huckleberry-finn-7546832.html>. This photograph shows a young African American boy at a fountain labeled Colored. This helps illustrate how prominent segregation was at the time, and gives just one example of how it affected African Americans. This source can be found on the Context page of my website in the header because I feel it really helps demonstrate how hard it was for African Americans. Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips lobby card. 1944 Warner Bros. Pictures. Wikipedia contributors. "Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, 20 Nov. 2013. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. This source has an image of a lobby card for the World War II propaganda Warner Bros. animated short Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips. The looby card provides a glimpse at some of the racist depictions of the Japanese made during World War II as a form of propaganda. These depictions show how much people can be influenced by stereotypes, and how quickly people will resort to stereotypes to tarnish an enemys image. The image can be found on the Context page with quotes and other images along with analysis describing and displaying some of the stereotypes depicted. Censored! Hollywood Censors Its Animated Cartoons. Look. 17 Jan. 1939: 17-21. Look

Magazine Article. Online image, Goldenagecartoons.com. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. This source provides an article from the 1930s showing what people thought of the Looney Tunes cartoons at the time. It helps show how much the cartoons were censored, and the extent of the censorship as well. I will be using this source to show how the producers of looney Tunes thought that they were following the rules, and thus, thought that they were doing nothing wrong. Children Watching TV. Digital image. BBC. BBC, 10 Feb. 2012. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/aboutthebbc/posts/from-muffin-the-mule-to-in-the>. This source bears an photo of children watching television. This image helps remind people that one of the primary viewers of cartoons was and still is children, and thus cartoons have a large influence on their young, impressionable minds. The photo can be found on the Rights & Responsibilities page and is used as a link to the Responsibilities page because televesion producers have a responsibility to have themes and messages appropriate for all audiences in their films and shorts, especially if the film or short is a cartoon. Chuck Jones photo. Digital image. Academy of Achievement - Chuck Jones. N.p., 2 Feb. 2005. Web. 18 Dec. 2013. <http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/jon1bio-1>. This source has a photo of Chuck Jones, one of the primary cartoonists of Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies. The photo is accompanied by a quote of his where Jones comments on censorship. The source can be found on the Rights page. Clean Pastures Poster. "The Censored Eleven Banned Cartoons." The Museum Of UnCut Funk. The Museum Of UnCut Funk, 5 Oct. 2011. Web. 18 Dec. 2013.

This source has a picture of a poster for the animated short Clean Pastures. The poster helps illustrate just a few of the racial stereotypes found in this short from the Censored Eleven. This thus helps show how racist these cartoons where and gives more examples of some of the racist depictions of African Americans used in the Cartoons. This image can be found on the Censored Eleven page of my website. Coal Black and De Sebben Dwarfs Characters. Digital image. Cinemagicon. Cinemagicon, n.d. Web. 17 Dec. 2013. <http://www.cinemagicon.com/censored/>. This source has a picture of all of the major characters in Coal Black and De Sebben Dwarfs, and in turn shows a glance at some of the racist caricatures found in Coal Black and De Sebben Dwarfs. The source shows some of the stereotypes found in many of the Censored Eleven cartoons, such as large lips found in many of the characters and gambling symbolized by the dice replaceing Prince Chawmins two front teeth. This image is placed on the Coal Black page next to a quote describing how insensitive Coal Black and De Sebben Dwarfs is to African Americans. Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs. Dir., Bob Clampett, 1943, Merrie Melodies "Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs" (1943), Online video clip, Dailymotion. Dailymotion, 4 Dec. 2008. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. This source is an original Looney Tunes cartoon with prominent racial stereotypes. The cartoon uses primarily African American characters, and bases these characters off of extremely offensive racist stereotypes. Moreover, because of the many offensive themes of this episode, it became part of the Censored Eleven, a group of cartoons that have been deemed racially insensitive, and thus banned. I will be using this source to provide examples of cartoons that use extremely offensive messages

and themes. Coal Black and De Sebben Dwarfs in Technicolor. Digital image. Futility Closet. Futility Closet, 28 June 2006. Web. 8 Dec. 2013. <http://www.futilitycloset.com/2006/06/28/the-censored-eleven/>. This source has an image of a poster for Coal Black and De Sebben Dwarfs that shows So White and De Sebben Dwarfs. The image helps show some of the stereotypes shown in Coal Black and De Sebben Dwarfs including large lips. In addition, it shows how, mostly because of the difference in race, African American women were allowed to be promiscuous even after Hays Code was put into place. The image can be found on the Coal Black page of the website. Cohen v. California, 403 U.S. 16. Supreme Court of the United States. 1971. Cornell University Law School Legal Information Institute. Web. Dec. 2013 This case deals with a Supreme Court decision made by Supreme Court Justice John Marshall Harlan II regarding free speech. The case helps show that if all speech is legal, then racist speech will be in the public forum and thus end due to the change in the social norm. The case also says that speech may never be prohibited based purely on the content. Quotes from this case can all be found on the Rights page of the website. Fredi Washington in Imitation of Life. Digital image. Essence. Essence Communications Inc., 20 Apr. 2010. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. <http://www.essence.com/2010/04/22/vintage-vamp-fredi-washington/>. This source has a photo of Fredi Washington in Imitation of Life. The photo deals with Fredi Washington, an African American actress, and her role in Imitation of Life, a

film that indirectly challenged racism. The photo can be found on the Context page with a quote and a lot of analysis describing how large an influence actors and actresses like Fredi Washington made to the civil rights movement by breaking out of racial stereotypes and getting jobs that broke free from the stereotypical jobs such as a maid. Hattie McDaniel in Gone With the Wind. Digital image. ABC News. ABC, 29 Feb. 2012. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. <http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/extras/2012/02/29/feb-29-gone-with-the-wind-sweepsoscar -1940/>. This is a photo of Hattie McDaniel in Gone With the Wind. Hattie McDaniel was an African American actress who was the first African American actress to win an Academy Award. Through this Hattie McDaniel helped start an end to the racial stereotypes and a beginning to the civil rights movement. This image can be found with a large amount of analysis describing Hattie McDaniel and other actors and actresses contributions to the end of racial stereotypes and can be found on the Context page. Hughes, Langston, perf. "Harlem." Langston Hughes. Poetry Speaks Expanded. Sourcebooks, Inc., 2007. CD. This source has a poem from the African American poet Langston Hughes titled Harlem. The poem helps provide an African American view on all of the ra cism at the time. A recording of the poem being recited by Langston Hughes can be found on the Context page of my website. Hughes, Langston, perf. "Mother to Son." Langston Hughes. Poetry Speaks Expanded. Sourcebooks, Inc., 2007. CD.

This source has a poem from the African American poet Langston Hughes titled Mother to Son. The poem helps provide an African American view on all of the racism at the time. A recording of the poem being recited by Langston Hughes can be found on the Context page of my website. Isle of Pingo Pongo Poster. Serret, Imogen. "Censored Eleven." Imogen Serret. Blogspot.com, 10 Oct. 2012. Web. 18 Dec. 2013. This source has a picture of a poster for the animated short Isle of Pingo Pongo from the Censored Eleven. The poster shows several stereotypes of African and also shows a racist depiction of an African caricature. This helps show the extent of how racist these cartoons were by showing all of the racism present just in a commercial poster. The poster can be found on the Censored Eleven page of the website. Jenkins, Michael. Thurgood Marshall. Digital image. Thinking Out Loud. N.p., 25 Feb. 2013. Web. <http://www.lpts.edu/about/president/thinking-out-loud/thinking-outloud/2013/02/25/thurg ood-marshall-america-s-promise-and-the-devil-in-the-grove->. This source has a photo of Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. The photo accompanies a quote of Marshall that talks about his views on free speech. The source can be found on the Rights page. Jungle Jitters. Dir., Friz Freleng, 1938, The Censored 11 1938 02 19 Jungle Jitters Online video clip, YouTube. YouTube, 21 Oct. 2013. Web. 8 Dec. 2013.

This source has a video of the animated short Jungle Jitters where a traveling salesman comes to a village of African people who are depicted as completely uncivilized with a white queen. Meanwhile, the people of the village want to eat the traveling salesman. This video thus shows different stereotypes, from those shown in Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs, including cannibalism, exaggerated jewelry, and other characteristics that suggest a general uncivilized people. This video can be found on the Jungle Jitters. Jungle Jitters Poster. Digital image. Taafi. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2013. <http://taafi.com/festival/films/retrospectives/?id=77>. This source shows a poster for the animated short Jungle Jitters. The poster shows one of the stereotypes found in the short Jungle Jitters, and that stereotype is the fact that African people are often cannibals. This obviously false stereotype is clearly shown in the poster by what appears to be a chef from the village salting a man who is in a boiling pot of water. The poster can be found on the Censored Eleven page. Leon Schlesinger Obituary Photo. Los Angeles Examiner. 26 Dec. 1949, 1:3. Digital Image. in Beck, Jerry. "Leon Schlesingers Obituary." Cartoon Brew. Cartoon Brew, 22 July 2008. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. This source has a photo of Leon Schlesinger, the producer of Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunes. The image is paired with a quote of Leon Schlesinger where he acknoledges that while cartoons can be enjoyed by people of any age, children watch cartoons the most, and thus production companies like Warner Bros. are responsible for having appropriate content in their cartoons. This image and quote can be found on the Responsibilities page of the website.

Man Eating Watermelon. Rafferty, Zara. "Censored Eleven: Racist Cartoons." Oh, My Word! N.p., 22 Apr. 2013. Web. 18 Dec. 2013. This still from Scrub Me Mamma with a Boogie Beat shows another extremely racist depiction of African Americans. This helps add another example of how common these racist depictions of African Americans were in cartoons at the time of the Censored Eleven, thus helping show not only how racist the cartoons were but also that it was accepted in society. The image can be found on the Censored Eleven page of my website. Michael Barrier. Digital image. Carton Brew. Cartoon Brew, 15 June 2010. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. <http://www.cartoonbrew.com/ideas-commentary/happy-70th-birthday-michael-

barrier-24342.html>. This image is a photo of Michael Barrier, an author of several books that deal with the history of animation and comics. In the website his photo is paired with a quote of his that says that the Censored Eleven should be shown to an intelligent and perceptive audience of adults in an informed way. This photo can be found on the Analysis page of my website. "The Motion Picture Production Code of 1930 (Hays Code)." The Motion Picture Production Code of 1930 (Hays Code). Ed. Matt Bynum. Artsreformation.com, 12 Apr. 2006. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. This source is a transcription of the original Motion Picture Production Code, published by the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America in 1930. This code provided guidelines for all motion pictures produced in the United States (including animated shorts) until 1968. I use this code on my Context page to show that even

though the motion picture industry had adopted guidelines, racist and sexist portrayals (especially of African Americans) continued throughout this period. National Association for the Education of Young Children. Media Violence in Childrens Lives, NAEYC, 1990. PDF file. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. This position statement made by the influential National Association for the Education of Young Children states that they believe that violence in the media has had a large effect on our society. They contend that the violence often found in the media is also responsible for the violent society we live in. This source will be used in my project to show that violent cartoons, along with most forms of media, have a large effect on our society today. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. Digital image. Baby Kline Clark. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Dec. 2013. <http://klineclark.wordpress.com/category/family/page/6/>. This source has a black and white photo of Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. The photo can be found with one of Holmes quotes that gives one of his comments on free speech. The source can be found on the Rights page. Police Department of City of Chicago v. Mosley, 408 U.S. 92. 1972. Justia U.S. Supreme Court Center. Web. Dec. 2013 This source has a Supreme Court decision that had large effects on the interpretation of free speech. The decision, made by the Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall, helps state that the government believes that no speech should be banned, including racist speech, because society will shut out these ideas naturally. Quotes from this case can be found on the Rights page of my website.

Racist image of WWII Japanese soldier. Still image from Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips. 1944 Warner Bros. Pictures. People and Society: Arts. Web log. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. <http://artsonearth.wordpress.com/category/people-and-society/> This still from Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips shows a Japanese soldier from World War II. The depiction of this soldier shows how racist production companies such as Warner Bros., were when it came to propaganda for the war. The still is on the Context page and can be found with a quote and analysis, both of which are describing how horribly stereotypical the depictions of the Japanese were at the time. Segregated Drinking Fountains. REH: TwoGun Raconteur. The Definitive Robert E. Howard Journal. Ed. Damon C. Sasser. REH: TwoGun Raconteur, 2013. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. This source has a photo of two fountains, one labeled White and one labeled Colored. The photo helps show the extent of the segregation African Americans and Whites and further shows the mistreatment of the African Americans by the difference in quality and maintenance of the water fountain. The photo can be found in the header of the Context page. Smith, Al. Seattle's Jackson Street after hours. Digital Image. "Lesson Twenty-One: African Americans in the Modern Northwest." Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest. Center for the Study of the Pacific Northwest, University of Washington, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. This source shows African American soldiers dancing to music at Seattles Jackson street after hours. The source helps show how African Americans, even when

constantly encountering racial stereotypes and segregation, still tried to fight these stereotypes and improve their own lives. The source can be found on the Context page and is grouped with a quote and some analysis describing how African Americans tried to break the stereotypes. Still image from Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs. Dir., Bob Clampett, 1943, Merrie Melodies "Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs" (1943), Online video clip, Dailymotion. Dailymotion, 4 Dec. 2008. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. This still from Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs shows how provocative So White was allowed to be, even after Hays Code was put in place. This image is placed next to analysis and a before and after Hays Code image of Betty Boop on the Responsibilities page. The analysis points out that even though Hays code said that no indecent exposure was allowed So White was allowed to be shown on television, and this is most likely because of the difference in race. Still image from Fantasia. Walt Disney Productions, 1940. In "American Lectures: Animation Racism." The Zephyr Lounge. Ed. Robert L. Franklin. 20 Feb. 2013. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. Still from Song of the South. Digital image. SongoftheSouth.net. Christian E. Willis, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. <http://www.songofthesouth.net/movie/photos/liveaction.html>. This still image from Fantasia shows how many production companies, not just Warner Bros., had racist depictions of African Americans. The image uses not only several stereotypes of African Americans, such as slightly larger lips and the exaggerated frizzy hair, but also shows a direct comparison of the African American character next to the white character. This thus shows that even production companies who are thought to

be very wholesome today, like Disney, had extremely racist depictions of African Americans. Lastly, the image can be found on the Context page. Still image from Mickey's Mellerdrammer. Walt Disney Productions, 1933. In Tom Calhoun, "Mickey's Mellerdrammer." Tom's Second Blog. 17 Feb. 2007. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. This still from Mickeys Mellerdrammer shows Mickey Mouse putting on blackface and putting on a costume for a play. The image shows how even characters who are thought to be harmless, like Mickey Mouse, were shown doing extremely racist things, thus showing that production companies like Disney, who are thought to be very wholesome today, still had very racist messages in their shorts.This still can be found on the Context page. Still image of Bugs Bunny in blackface. In "Kids KKKomedy! The Racist History of Looney Tunes." A Blumes With a View. Ed. Andrew Blumetti. Blog at WordPress.com, 9 Aug. 2013. Web. 05 Jan. 2014. This is a still image from a Bugs Bunny short in which the character appears in blackface. This image appears in a slide show on my Home page. I use this im age to demonstrate the racism commonly found in animated shorts. Still of Queene. Digital image. Dennis Perrin: Killing Time Before The Asteroid Hits. Dennis Perrin, 24 Sept. 2008. Web. 8 Dec. 2013. <http://dennisperrin.blogspot.com/2008_09_01_archive.html>. This source has a still image of the Queen, when she is irate at the Prince and So White dancing with each other. This still, like many from Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs has many racist stereotypes. The picture further demonstrates how Coal Black

and de Sebben Dwarfs is filled from beginning to end with some of the most vicious racial stereotypes. The image can be found in the header of the Coal Black page. 275 students rally against racism on Bascom Hill, October 15, 1987. Digital image. Eds. Tyler C. Kennedy and David Null. Protests & Social Action at UW-Madison during the 20th Century. University of Wisconsin Online Collections and Exhibits, n.d. Web. 05 Jan. 2014 This is a photograph of a protest against racism at University of Wisconsin, Madison campus, taken in 1987. This photograph is used within the slideshow on the "Home" page. I used this to help illustrate African Americans protesting against racism and racial stereotypes. U.S. Constitution. Amend. I. The Constitutions first Amendment states that there may be no laws that limit free speech. This suggests that people may say whatever they wish, no matter what affect it has on other people. I will use this source as a basis to determine whether entertainment industries have the right to say what they want in order to be successful, or if they have the responsibility to have appropriate messages in their productions. Veteran's Club - 1945. Digital image. HarvestHeart. HarvestHeart, 10 July 2010. Web. 15 Dec. 2013 This source has a photograph of several African Americans at a Veterans Club having a good time. This thus becomes an example of African Americans doing what

they could to improve their own lives, and avoid conforming to the racial stereotypes found in society. The photo is on the Context page of my website, and is found with another photo of African Americans having fun, a quote, and some analysis that talks about how hard it was for African Americans to break free from the racist stereotypes. Vickrey, Robert. Martin Luther King Jr., Man of the Year | Jan. 3, 1964. Digital image. Time Magazine Cover: Martin Luther King Jr., Man of the Year | Jan. 3, 1964. Time, Inc., n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. This is a Time magazine cover from 1964 announcing Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as Times Man of the Year. This image appears both on my Home page and my Analysis page. I use this image to emphasize the significance of the Civil Rights movement in changing attitudes toward the racist portrayals of African Americans in film. "Quotes by Chuck Jones." Quotes by Chuck Jones. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Dec. 2013. <http://www.chuckjones.com/about-chuck-jones/quotes/>. This source has several quotes from Chuck Jones. One quote from the source talks about his view on censorship. The quote can be found on the Rights page.

Secondary Sources: Beck, Jerry, and Will Friedwald. Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies: A Complete Illustrated Guide to the Warner Bros. Cartoons. New York: H. Holt, 1989. Print. This source provides valuable quotes that give brief synopses of the Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs and a lot more of the shorts from the Censored Eleven written in 1989. When summarizing the shorts, the source describes them in a manner that is insensitive to African American culture For example, it describes the mother as a mammy and has many other racist descriptions as well. Thus the source shows that even

so recently as 1989, some of these racist views were still thought to be acceptable. Finally, the quotes from the source can be found on the Coal Black page and the Censored Eleven page. Bernarte, Racidon P., and Cherry C. Pebre. "Violence as Humor: A Content Analysis of Looney Tunes Slapstick Cartoons." (2013). Web. 11 Oct. 2013 This scholarly source provides an insight into Looney Tunes cartoons, and the right to creative free speech as a source of entertainment. The journal provides quotes describing why all speech should be allowed. This quote is used on my Analysis page. Cohen, Karl F. Forbidden Animation: Censored Cartoons and Blacklisted Animators in America. Jefferson, NC: McFarland &, 1997. Print. This print source talks about Japanese stereotypes used in Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips and Tokio Jokio. For example, one quote mentions how Bugs calls some of the Japanese soldiers by names like slant-eyes and monkey-face. This helps show the extent of the stereotypes and racism displayed in the propaganda films and shorts made by companies like Warner Bros. Furthermore, quotes from this source can be found on the Context page of my website. First Amendment. Digital image. Grumpy Opinions Conservative News and Opinions. Grumpy Opinions, n.d. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. <http://grumpyelder.com/2013/06/tomorrow-the-doj-plans-to-repeal-the-firstamendment/>. This source has a digitally created image of the Bill of Rights and the First Amendment. The source shows what rights the first amendment provides, in the exact wording from the Bill of Rights. The image can be found on my Rights & Responsibilities page as a link

to the rights page because the main right that can relate to my topic is the right to free speech. Franklin, John Hope, and Alfred A. Moss. From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. Print. This history of the United States focuses on the experiences and contributions of African Americans. I use quotes from this book on my Context page to demonstrate the impact of slavery and segregation on African Americans in the early twentieth century and to show how African Americans fought back by creating a strong community with unique artistic forms. Gordon, Jill, and Markus Johnson. "Race, Speech, And A Hostile Educational Environment: What Color Is Free Speech?." Journal Of Social Philosophy 34.3 (2003): 414-436. Academic Search Elite. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. This scholarly article talks about the harm caused by racial harassment as a form of racial discrimination and challenges those who use the First Amendment as a protection for racist speech. I use a quote from this article on my Home page to introduce the topic of racism and racist speech. I also use this source on my Context page to address the issue of racism. Sampson, Henry T. That's Enough, Folks: Black Images in Animated Cartoons, 1900-1960. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow, 1998. Print. This source bears quotes that describe Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs, along with quotes of original reviews from the time of the other shorts in the Censored Eleven, and how Hollywood encouraged production companies to make propaganda films and shorts. The quote dealing with Coal Black and de Sebben Dwarfs describes the short

as one of the most viciously racist animated shorts of all time, and when describing cartoons during World War II, Hollywood is described as encouraging production companies to make films that hold Americans in good light, while make nations like Japan, Germany, and Italy look poorly. Sandler, Kevin S. Reading the Rabbit: Explorations in Warner Bros. Animation. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers UP, 1998. Print. This source helps illustrate what happens in the animated short Tin Pin Alley Cats, one of the shorts found in the Censored Eleven. The source described many of the racial stereotypes and racist themes found in the short and thus, helps show how racist and insensitive the cartoons are. A quote from the source can be found on the Censored Eleven page of my website. Slotnik, Daniel E. "Cartoons of a Racist Past Lurk on YouTube." New York Times 28 April 2008. nytimes.com. Web. 20 Oct. 2013. This source describes the Censored Eleven, a group of eleven videos created by the Warner Brothers with extremely racist themes. The article explains how some people believe that these cartoons should be more easily and officially accessible so that we can learn about our past, and in turn our mistakes. I will be using this source to incorporate views of people today, and their opinions on some of the offensive themes within cartoons. Volokh, Eugene. "Deterring Speech: When Is It "Mccarthyism"? When Is It Proper?." California Law Review 93.5 (2005): 1414-1453. Academic Search Elite. Web. 15 Dec. 2013. This scholarly law review article looks at free speech in the United States, and suggests solutions that will help prevent harmful speech (such as racist speech). Volokh

argues that one option is for a society to create norms that condemns harmful speech as well as the people who use it. A quote from this source can be found on the Analysis page of my website.

Gordon and Johnson Franklin and Moss Motion Picture Production code of 1930 Eugene Volokh