Substation Automations Systems, PSGuard

Wide Area Monitoring Systems

Portfolio, applications and experiences

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 1

Wide Area Monitoring Systems From traditional to future grids

Industry challenges
Need for more electricity Emissions reduction Integration and management of renewable energy Optimal use of ageing assets Ensure reliability of supply Energy efficiency and security

Traditional grids
Years of development to provide automation of well-established power system model Electromechanical to numerical technology Centralized and/or distributed architectures Communication protocols : interoperability

Future grids
Automation systems for a new power system and business model Decentralized (renewable sources) Demand-side management FACTS (SVC, TCSC, STATCOM, PST), HVDC

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 2

Wide Area Monitoring Systems From traditional to future grids

Centralized power generation One-directional power flow Generation follows load Operation based on historical experience Limited grid accessibility for new producers Decentralized and distributed power generation Traditional grids Intermittent renewable power generation Consumers become also producers Multi-directional power flow Load adapted to production Operation based more on real-time data

Future grids

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 3

Wide Area Monitoring Systems General challenges in transmission networks

Increasing demand for power Transmission networks get bigger by aggregation (island interconnected) Distance between generation and load changes Laws, regulations & politics often impede building power plants where they are needed Introduction of distributed energy resources e.g. wind Load flow becomes volatile Modern supervision and tools are needed Increase the utilization of new technologies e.g. WAMS to allow the networks to operate closer to its capacity while maintaining system security
Svenska Kraftnt 2001

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 4

Wide Area Monitoring Systems Basic idea

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 5

Wide Area Monitoring Systems Phasor measurements

High accuracy provides the basis for an accurate monitoring of power networks

Timestamp accuracy: Absolute angle accuracy error: CT/VT:

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1 microsecond < 0.1 degree 0.2 0.5%

Local Measurements in Substations

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CTs: high accuracy in small current values requires connection to measurement cores

Phasor Measurement Unit ABB RES521

Based on Protective Relay technology 18 Analog Inputs (4 x 3ph CTs, 2 x 3ph VTs) Selectable transfer rates up to 1 phasor/cycle GPS Synchronization Accurate frequency measurement < 5 mHz error Local functions such as frequency, df/dt Local trigger functions Synchrophasor data format (IEEE 1344-1995, IEEE C37.118)

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 8

Wide Area Monitoring Systems PSGuard

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 9

PSGuard positioning

PSGuard

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 10

PSGuard Wide Area Monitoring System

PSGuard System Based on ABBs process control system and Windows Server technology Server/Client architecture PMU data acquisition with OPC standard interface High resolution data storage and export Graphical User Interface WAMS applications Connection to SCADA systems

PSGuard Communication Gateway PMU data exchange in real-time between utilities

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 11

Wide Area Monitoring Systems Typical architecture

On-line Applications

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 12

PSGuard Wide Area Monitoring System

PSGuard Applications Phase Angle Monitoring Voltage Stability Monitoring Line Thermal Monitoring Event Driven Data Archiving Power Oscillation Monitoring Power Damping Monitoring SCADA/EMS integration Communication gateway

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PSGuard Application Portfolio

Modular and scalable system structure

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 14

Connectivity OPC Data Access Server for PMUs

OPC (OLE for Process Control) is a standard for Process Control Systems Provides PMU measurements to the PSGuard System via OPC Standard Interface Supervises GPS synchronisation and communication channels Supports IEEE1344-1995 and IEEE C37.118

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Basic Monitoring Process Visualization

Efficient Graphical User Interface engineering based on a WAM library

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 16

Data Storage and Export

Configurable ring buffer data storage PMU measurements Application results Every data point stored with Timestamp Value Quality Export application Export to CSV files

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PSGuard Application Portfolio

Modular and scalable system structure

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Event Driven Data Archiving (EDDA)

Wide Area Disturbance Recorder based on logical trigger conditions

Central triggering by observing network-wide data

Configurable archiving length and resolution

Archives are provided in CSV file format (MS Excel)

Continuous archiving provides daily archiving for long-term data storage

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 19

Phase Angle Monitoring (PAM)

Online calculation of voltage phase angle difference

Configurable alarming and warning thresholds

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Power Oscillations Monitoring (POM)

Real-time detection of power swings Algorithm is fed with selected voltage and current phasors Detection of various swing (power oscillation) modes Quickly identifies amplitude and frequency of oscillations

Damping, %

Mode Frequency, Hz

In service since 2005 Field experience in Switzerland, Croatia, Mexico, Thailand, Finland, Norway, Austria

Bus Voltage
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Mode Amplitude, V

Power Oscillations Monitoring (POM)

ABB CRC research finalized on next generation of POM application

Accurate determination of damping levels under ambient conditions Mode shape determination Use of multiple input signals Simulationeous detection of multiple modes

Verified against simulated measurements and field measurements from the Fingrid WAMS Verified against other algorithms in University collaboration Ready for piloting

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 22

Power Damping Monitoring (PDM)

Real-time detection and visualization of multiple oscillation modes to truly understand the system behaviour Monitor damping and modal activity of most dangerous modes in the power system from ambient data (before large excitations happen) Quickly identify the participants and sources of interarea oscillations using online visualization of modal shapes

Early warning of poorly damped lines allows operators to react before an event triggers an inter-area oscillation

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 23

PDM Modal Observability Map Identify participants in inter-area oscillations

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Line Thermal Monitoring (LTM)

Use PMU measurements of voltage and current to calculate average line temperature of the monitored line

On-line display of average temperature

Initial field results correlate increased power transfer from 950 MW to 1150 MW leads to an average temperature increase from 46 degrees to 49 degrees over 30 min

Sample recordings from Swissgrid

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 25

Voltage Stability Monitoring (VSM)

Provides power margin to the point of maximum loadability of transmission corridors regarding voltage stability High accuracy by using PMU data (dynamic data) Fast reaction (Usage of real-time data)

PMU

PMU

transmission corridor

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 26

PSGuard Communication Gateway

PMU data exchange between utilities in real-time PMU standard protocols IEEE13441995 and IEEE C37.118 are supported The external WAM systems are able to communicate with the Gateway as with a physical PMU device Filter functionality allows selective data transmission (e.g. only voltages but no current measurements are provided)

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Interface Manager SCADA integration

The Interface Manager provides operators with processed data and alarms from PSGuard in conventional SCADA/EMS systems.

RTU standard protocols and specific customer protocols are provided for the integration in SCADA.

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ABB PSGuard / WAM-System Installations

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 29

Wide Area Monitoring Systems PSGuard in Fingrid (Finland)

Since 2006 10 PMUs in Finland Communication gateway to PMU in Norway SCADA integration Main application post-disturbance analysis of system performance Collaboration project on power oscillation monitoring

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 30

Wide Area Monitoring Systems PSGuard in Swissgrid (Switzerland)

Since 2004 7 PMUs ABB RES521 Connection to PDCs & PMUs from major European utilities allow monitoring of dynamics across Europe Monitoring and early warning system for the loading of the northsouth corridor of the Swiss transmission grid SCADA integration Monitoring of reconnection of UCTE zones (2004)

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 31

Wide Area Monitoring Systems PSGuard in HEP (Croatia)

Since 2003 14 PMUs ABB RES521 Enhance stability of transmission system and optimize utilization of transmission capacity Features:
20 ms Basic monitoring, storage and archive Line thermal monitoring Voltage stability monitoring Data exchange with other PDCs

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 32

Wide Area Monitoring Systems PSGuard in APG (Austria)

Since 2005 Monitoring of the vital 220 kV double lines between Vienna and Ternitz substations with phase angle monitoring and line thermal monitoring 3 PMUs ABB RES521

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 33

Wide Area Monitoring Systems PSGuard in EGAT (Thailand)

Since 2005 (First WAMS in Asia) 4 PMUs ABB RES521 Monitor stability of heavily loaded 230 kV transmission lines between southern and central region of Thailand Application of Power Oscillation Monitoring to detect power swings

ABB Group April 24, 2012 | Slide 34