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WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis

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The most important part is how to locate the interference.

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RTWP

The reference point for the measurement shall be the Rx antenna connector. In case of receiver diversity the reported value shall be linear average of the power in the diversity branches. RTWP will be increased by UL interference.

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RSSI

The reference point for the measurement shall be the antenna connector of the UE. If receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the measured RSSI value shall not be lower than the corresponding RSSI of any of the individual receive antenna branches. RSSI will be increased by DL interference. The reference point for the RSCP shall be the antenna connector of the UE If Tx diversity is applied on the Primary CPICH the received code power from each antenna shall be separately measured and summed together in [W] to a total received code power on the Primary CPICH If receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the measured CPICH RSCP value shall not be lower than the corresponding CPICH RSCP of any of the individual receive antenna branches. RSCP will not be effected by interference, but RSCP effects Ec/No, its introduced in next page.

RSCP

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If Tx diversity is applied on the Primary CPICH the received energy per chip (Ec) from each antenna shall be separately measured and summed together in [Ws] to a total received chip energy per chip on the Primary CPICH, before calculating the Ec/No. If receiver diversity is in use by the UE the measured CPICH Ec/No value shall not be lower than the corresponding CPICH RSCPi/ RSSIi of receive antenna branch i. CPICH Ec/No will be effected by interference.

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The BLER estimation shall be based on evaluating the CRC of each transport block associated with the measured transport channel after RL combination. BLER will be increased by interference. SIR = RSCP/ISCP of UL DPCCH SF, SIR means the Eb/No of DPCCH after despreading.

SF brings the processing gain

PG

Eb / No Ec / No

SIR will be decreased by interference.

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WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis

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The best method for finding uplink interference is observing the average RTWP among network operation indexes. Normally the unloaded network RTWP is about 105.5 dBm. If the average RTWP of some cells reaches about -95 dBm, 10 dB higher than that of unloaded network, the cell encounters uplink interference. If the average RTWP of some cells reaches about -85 dBm, 20 dB higher than that of unloaded network, the cell encounters strong uplink interference. The downlink interference influence a small number of UEs and the areas affected by the interference are scattered. A fixed interference source only influences a very small area and it is eliminated only in specific situations (subscribers' complaints and influencing KPIs).

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The uplink interference can be divided into two parts. One is from the BTS of other system, and the other is from the mobile phone of other system. Generally speaking, the first one is more serious, because the transmission power of BTS is much more than that of UE, and it may be very close between the BTS of inter-system. Especially, if the sites are co-located, the isolation cant meet the requirement, and then there may be uplink interference.

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WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis

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The spurious emission interference of DCS BS in the band of 1920~1980MHz increases the thermal noise of WCDMA. Notes: In this table, feeder loss of WCDMA and DCS 1800 systems is not considered, which can actually serve as the extra isolation margin.

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As specified in the protocol, spurious emission of the DCS within WCDMA receiving band is -30dBm/3MHz. However, this index of Huawei is less than -54dBm/3MHz based on actual DCS indexes.

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WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis

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Especially when the environment is complex and there are many metal blockings on the platform, the intermodulation will be very strong. Otherwise, the antennas, combiners, power splitters, filters are flawy, after the signals travel through these equipments, the intermodulation occurs. The third order intermodulation (2f1-f2 and 2f2-f1) and fifth order intermodulation are very common and serious to the system.

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Some interference is instantaneous, unabiding, has no more effect to WCDMA system; some others are long-playing, continuous, will affect WCDMA system heavily, so we need to eliminate them or depress their effect.

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Our course is introduced by this process. Finding interference: how to find interference by Huawei OM software Collecting data and confirm interference: how to confirm interference by collected data Interference judgement: whether its internal or external interference

The interference which is not external interference is internal interference, so it follows the internal interference processing procedures. Locating external interference takes more effort and time than locating internal interference. Therefore, if the interference is not confirmed to be internal interference, it must be rechecked

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The best method for finding uplink interferences is observing the average RTWP among network operation indexes Normally the unloaded network RTWP is about 105.5 dBm If the average RTWP of some cells reaches about 95 dBm, 10 dB higher than that of unloaded network, the cells encounters uplink interferences If the average RTWP of some cells reaches about 85 dBm, 20 dB higher than that of unloaded network, the cells encounters strong uplink interferences

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The maximum RTWP is recommend as a reference for judgment only, because it might be caused by an access peak or even is related to UE algorithm and performance. Therefore, you need not pay special attention to it. The average RTWP of cell 40661 is 104.36 dBm, needless of attention. The average RTWP of cell 48602 reaches 94.89 dBm, so you must pay attention to the cell. The average RTWP of cell 58143 reaches 82.79 dBm, the cell strongly interfered, so you must pay special attention to the cell.

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The cells with VIP, with high traffic, and the cells affect the entire network KPIs more should be processed first.

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To confirm interference, and determine the interference strength and types of consequent interference, you should collect the following data: The RTWP data for 7 (days, at least 3 days) x 24 (hours) of cells to be located The RTWP data for 7 (days, at least 3 days) x 24 (hours) of cells adjacent to the cell to be located The standard deviation of difference between main and diversity antennas RTWP shows the correlation between two antennas.

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The inter-modulation interference which takes a high ratio in internal interference features typically as below: The RTWP of main and diversity is usually irrelevant. If the RTWP is relevant, there must be special causes, such as the main and diversity are combined at some point. The interference is related to traffic. The interference occurs less probably when traffic is lower. The RTWP fluctuates sharply, as great as about 10 dB, or even greater than 10 dB. The interference will last for a period, without mutational change, which is different from that of external interference. In terms of time feature of RTWP, the RTWP changes irregularly. The intermodulation usually meets one or more of the previous five features. If the five features are all met, it must be intermodulation.

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WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis

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The interference which is not external interference is internal interference, so it follows the internal interference processing procedures. Locating external interference takes more effort and time than locating internal interference. Therefore, if the interference is not confirmed to be internal interference, it must be rechecked.

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Frequency Resource of GSM System Frequency Range Spectrum (MHz) PGSM900 EGSM900 RGSM900 890~915 935~960 880~915 925~960 876~915 921~960 1710~1785 1805~1880 1850~1910 1930~1990 Uplink Frequency Value Fu(n)=890+0.2n Fu(n)=890+0.2n Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) Fu(n)=890+0.2n Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) Fu(n)=1710.2+0.2(n512) Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n512) ARFCN 1n 124 0 n 124 975 n 1023 0 n 124 955 n 1023 Downlink Frequency Value Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45

DCS1800
PCS1900

512 n 885
512 n 810

Fd(n)=Fu(n)+95
Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80

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WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis

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The RTWP changes as below: The main and diversity are irrelevant The RTWP fluctuates sharply The interference lasts for a period The RTWP changes irregularly in terms of time

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The RTWP changes as below: The main and diversity are irrelevant The RTWP fluctuates sharply The interference lasts for a period The RTWP changes irregularly in terms of time

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The RTWP changes as below: The main and diversity are irrelevant The RTWP fluctuates sharply The interference lasts for a period The RTWP changes irregularly in terms of time

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WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis

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The multiple RF connection involves duplexer, feeder, and jumper connector.

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The multiple RF connection involves duplexer, feeder, and jumper connector. The RTWP changes as below: The RTWP fluctuates sharply The interference lasts for a period The RTWP changes irregularly in terms of time

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WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis

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In the network,a 3G repeater close to the NodeB 501800 transmits a self-excitation signal every hour approximately. Therefore the uplink in multiple cells is interfered. The uplink interference varies according to the direction and the distance between the cell and the repeater. However, it is clear that the uplink interference occurs every hour approximately.

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The RTWP changes as below: The main and diversity are relevant The interference influences multiple cells that are close to each other The interference is mutational The interference changes with a regular internal

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The RTWP changes as below: The main and diversity are relevant The interference influences multiple cells that are close to each other The interference is mutational The interference changes with a regular internal

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Solution: After adjustment of the repeater gain to 70 dB, the RTWP becomes normal. Conclusion: The RTWP variations feature the same as that of improperly configured gain of repeater. Namely, the interference is strong and stable.

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WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis

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The 3G antenna is interfered by a 2G repeater antenna another operator. The 3G antenna uses space diversity. the 3G antenna is a diversity antenna and the main antenna is far from 2G antenna.

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The RTWP changes as below: The main and diversity are relevant The interference is mutational

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This uplink interference is probably due to air-conditioner compressor, but this cannot be confirmed due to property restriction.

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The RTWP changes as below: The main and diversity are relevant The interference is mutational The interference changes with a regular internal

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The RTWP changes as below: The main and diversity are relevant The interference is mutational The interference changes with a regular internal

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Locating internal interference includes initial location and on-site location.

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RTWP variation when the diversity reception is not configured

If the interference remains after the previous operations, you must locate interference on site.

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WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis

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1. Start NodeB LMT and measure the realtime RTWP of the cell to be located. This allows you to observe realtime RTWP variation after using consequent locating methods. 2. If a DCS network is combined to a WCDMA network, you must know the DCS carrier features (the carriers on a channel, the channel number, and the channel where BCCH is) and mark the BCCH channel. 3. If a DCS network is combined to a WCDMA network, you need adjust BCCH to the channel where interference is located under assistance by the operator according to the result of interference. The reason is that if BCCH does not use the problematic channel (The GSM network might transmit signals in both channel, but the BCCH uses only one channel) 4. Knock every RF connector gently on the channel (especially the connectors of jumper, load, and antenna) and check the RTWP variation. If RTWP changes, the connector is problematic. Tasks to improve project quality, such as fastening connectors and reconnections, must be perform under cooperation of the operators' engineers. Ensure to power off power amplifiers of corresponding cells before performing tasks to avoid radiation injury. 5. When the connector are normal and interference is present, use YBT250, filter, and directional antenna to check at WCDMA antenna whether interference signals are received. In special situations, you must customize the filter according to the local WCDMA receiver band and other radio network transmission frequency band). If YBT cannot detect special interference, you need change the NodeB antenna and check whether the interference is caused inside the antenna. If the interference still exists after changing antennas, turn to judgment of interference types. 6. If interference signals are receives at the WCDMA antenna by using YBT250, filter, and directional antenna, you can solve the problem by locating external interference. 7. If the interference cannot be located after repeated checks, solve it by judging interference types. Stop on-site location and restore the original configurations.
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Locating internal interference includes initial location and on-site location.

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It is hard to know when the external interference appears or disappears, so detailed preparations and analysis must be performed before on-site location. Otherwise, the on-site location will be less efficient.

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WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis

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Locate the direction of the interference source by cell antennas of multiple NodeBs. Draw on a map, the crossing point of the direction of each antenna is the interference source.

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WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis

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Start NodeB LMT and monitor realtime RTWP of the cell to be located for the features and time when the external interference occurs. Check the environment of the antenna for metal blockings, antenna of other networks or systems, the antenna distribution of other operators. Check the potential adjacent blockings to signals. Measure the interference strength, direction, and frequency spectrum by using YBT250, filter, and antenna. Find the rough location of the interference source.

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To use the variation of signal strength for interference location, you must know the direction and approximate location of interference. Then move a omnidirectional antenna to the interference and judge the location relationship between the omnidirectional antenna and the interference. Finally fix the specific location of interference near the interference source by using the directional antenna.

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