NUCLEAR REACTION Nuclear reactions change number o protons in the neutrons . Chemical .

They change the number of protons , neutrons , or both . Change the position of the pro SPONANEOUS NUCLEAR REACTION EFFECT OF RADIATION HALF LIVES Nuclear waste is hardzous because the reaction Two atoms of the sam element have different number of neutrons are reffered to as isotopes . Most elements have at least two isotopes REASONS FOR INSTABILITY There are four main reasons for nuclear instability 1. The

SPONTANEOUIS NUCLEAR EMISSION An unstable nuclide will , eventually NUCLEAR PROCSS THERE ARE 3 MAIN NUCLEAR PROCESS Alpha, Beta , Gamma ALPHA What happens to a n element when it ELEMENTS ARE NO LONGER CONSERVED . Thats the key to an alpha emission one element is changed into another called TRANSMUTATION . During an ALPHA (a) emission , nucleons are conserved . The total number of protons and neutrons in the overall reaction is conserved . SPONTANEOUS nuclear reactions (there are other kinds) are the ones called emission reactions or decay reactions Two poducts : The daughter nuclide the (Alpha, Beta, Gamma)

We need the same total on our reagent side The parent Particle = daughter

So to balance the emission reaction: 1. Write down the parent nuclide as the only reagent 2. Write the particle that is formed 3. Balanced the total mass number 4. Balance the total atomic number 5. Figure out what the daughter is based on its atomic number Weite down the parnt material POLOIUM 218 . Atomic number Po -- a Why might a nuclide undergo emission ? - Too big - Wrong ratio : n/p - Too big - Wrong place Why might a nuclide undergo alpha emission ? Alpha carries away nucleons too big means too many nucleaon . Alpha helps Any nuclide that >209 undergoes alpha emissions Removing an alpha particle does shift the neuton to proton ratio : n/p Comparing the n/p

BETA PRTICLE A very fast moving electron , emitted from the nucleus and , likely every electron , it has a mass number of 0, and a charge of -1 Mass number of 0 and Atomic number of -1.

In Beta emission , a neutron breaks apart into proton and lectron n---- P + e The electon is immediately emitted from the nucleus at very high speed . The proton stays . So neutron plitting to a proton and electron is the same as neutron splits into proton and Beta particle n-- P + B What happens to the mass number when neutron turns into one proton within the nucleus s and , the electron / eta particle has left the nucleus Mass number ? Stays the same Atomic number ? Goes up by 1 The atomic number of beta particle is a bit complicated . Neutron hass mas s of 1 and atomic number of 0. Proton has mass number of 1 and atomic number of 1 The eBeta has mass number of 0 an atomic number of -1 In a Beta process you are not convserving . You are convsering mass number and charge .