Probability

Name :________________________ Class No: _______

Class: _____________

Write a short method and give all your answers in fractions.

1. Two balls are drawn from a bag containing 3 red, 3 green and 4 black balls. Find the probability that : (a) (b) (c) both are red, one is green and one is black, both are of the same colour. (c) (a) (a) (b) P(both are red !
3 "& % $ = " "#

P (one is green and one is black ! P(both are of the same colour !

. 'ne bag contains 4 red balls and % blue balls( another bag contains 3 red balls and # blue balls. 'ne ball is drawn from each bag, determine the probability that: (a) (b) both are red, one is red and one is blue.

(b)

!. Four cards are drawn from a pack of #% cards. )etermine the probability that (a) (b) (c) all are aces, they are *, +, ,, they are of the same suit.

(a) (b) (c)

". * bo. contains # white cards and " red card. * second bo. contains 4 white cards. 3 cards are drawn from the first bo. and put into the second bo., and then % cards are drawn from the second bo. and put into the first. )etermine the probability that the red card is still in the first bo..

#. There are three bags. /ag * contains % red coins and # white coins. /ag / contains 3 red coins and 4 white coins. /ag 0 contains 4 red coins and 3 white coins. * bag is selected at random and a coin is drawn from it. Find the probability that a red coin is drawn.

$. There are % red balls and 4 white balls in a bo.. Two balls are drawn from (a) the bo.. Find the probability that : (a) (b) both are red. the second ball is red when the first ball drawn is white. (b)

%. Three light bulbs are chosen at random from "% bulbs of which % are defecti1e. Find the probability that (a) (b) none is defecti1e e.actly one is defecti1e.

(a) (b) (a)

&. 2e are gi1en three bags as follows: /ag * contains "% balls of which 4 are red /ag / contains "# balls of which # are red. /ag 0 contains 3 balls of which % are red. 2e select a bag at random and then draw a ball from it. (a) (b) 2hat is the probability that the ball is red4 5f a ball selected is red, what is the probability that it is drawn from bag *4 '. 5n a class of 4# students, %# students failed 6aths, %& students failed Physics, and "& students failed both sub7ects. * student is selected at random. (a) (b) (c) both. 1(. Two people fire at a target at the same time. The probability that the first person hits the target is "84, while the second person hits the target is "8#. Find the probability that the target is hit. 11. Four students 7oin the entrance e.am of a uni1ersity, the probabilities of the students being accepted are
% " " , and respecti1ely. Find the %& "9 # 3 , 3

(b)

(a)

5f he failed Physics, find the probability that he failed in 6aths. 5f he failed 6aths, find the probability that he failed in Physics. Find the probability that he failed in 6aths or Physics, but not

(b) (c)

probability that at least one of them being accepted. 1 . Three players thrown a die one by one and the first to throw a :si.; wins. Find the probability that (a) (b) the player who throws first wins, the player who throws ne.t wins. (b) (a)

1!. *n urn contains 4 red balls and < white balls. * ball is drawn from the urn (a) and a ball of the other colour is then put into the urn. * second ball is then drawn from the urn. (a) (b) Find the probability that the second ball is red. 5f both balls were of the same colour, what is the probability that they were both red. (b)

1". * man fires at a target with a probability of "8# hitting it. Find the minimum number of fire in order that the probability of hitting the target is at least 48#. 1#. 5n a competition, the chance for -ohn gets the * price is "83 and gets the / price is 384. 2hat is the chance for him to get at least a price assuming that he cannot get both prices. 1$. * bag contains "$ red balls and " white ball. = takes out a ball from the bag at random and asks >. > tells = that it is a white ball. The chance > to tell lie is "8#. 2hat is the probability that the ball taken out from the bag is a white ball4 1%. 5n a tele1ision programme, a game is played. * person who has been gi1en (a) ?"&& plays under the following rules. *t each toss of a fair coin, he bets ?"&& dollars on either tail or head with e@ual return if he wins. The game will be ended if (1) ( ) (a) (b) (c) he has no money left, the coin has been tossed fi1e times. (b)

5f he wins fi1e times, an e.tra of ?%&&& will be gi1en. Find the probability that the game will be ended at the 3rd toss. Find the probability that he can win fi1e times. 0alculate the amount of money he will get in this case. Find the probability that he has at least lost one time in the game. gb (c)

1&. * learnerAdri1er is determined to pass the dri1ing test e1entually. The probability that the learnerAdri1er will pass the dri1ing test on any one occasion is "83. Bach time the learnerAdri1er takes the dri1ing test, he has to pay ?#&&. Find the probability that the learnerAdri1er will (a) (b) (c) (d) fail the test in both his first and second attempts,

(a)

(b)

fail the test in his first three attempts but pass the test in his fourth (c) attempt, spend e.actly ?3&&& on dri1ing test, spend more that ?"&&& on dri1ing test. (d)

Probability

Name :________________________ Class No: _______

Class: ___________

Write a short method and give all your answers in fractions.

1. Two balls are drawn from a bag containing 3 red, 3 green and 4 black balls. Find the probability that : (a) (b) (c) both are red, one is green and one is black, both are of the same colour. (a) (b) (c) (a)
3 "& 3 "& 3 "& 4 < % $ 4 $ % $ = + + " "# 4 "& 3 "& 3 $ % $ = + 4 "# 4 "& 3 $ = 4 "#

. 'ne bag contains 4 red balls and % blue balls( another bag contains 3 red balls and # blue balls. 'ne ball is drawn from each bag, determine the probability that: (a) (b) that (a) (b) (c) all are aces, they are *, +, ,, they are of the same suit. both are red, one is red and one is blue.

3 3

" 4

(b) (a) (b)

4 #%

4 # % 3 "3 + = < 3 < 3 %4

4 #% 3 #" % #& " 4$ = " %9&9%#

!. Four cards are drawn from a pack of #% cards. )etermine the probability

4 #" "3 #%

4 #& "% #"

4 4$ "" #&

4 3 % " = "& 4$ 4 = 44

%#< %9&9%#

(c) ". * bo. contains # white cards and " red card. * second bo. contains 4 white cards. 3 cards are drawn from the first bo. and put into the second bo., and then % cards are drawn from the second bo. and put into the first. )etermine the probability that the red card is still in the first bo..

4"<#

P(red from first bo. to second bo. and red from second bo. to first =
" < 3 " 9 % = " 9

P(white from first bo. to second bo. and white from second bo. to first = P(red is in first bo. ! +
9 " " % =

# <
$

4 #

3 4

" %

"4

#. There are three bags. /ag * contains % red coins and # white coins. /ag / contains 3 red coins and 4 white coins. /ag 0 contains 4 red coins and 3 white coins. * bag is selected at random and a coin is drawn from it. Find the probability that a red coin is drawn. $. There are % red balls and 4 white balls in a bo.. Two balls are drawn from the bo.. Find the probability that : (a) (b) both are red. the second ball is red when the first ball drawn is white. (b)
% # " 3 " 3 " 4 3 + + = 9 3 9 3 9 9 %

(a)

% <

" #

" "#

%. Three light bulbs are chosen at random from "% bulbs of which % are defecti1e. Find the probability that (a) (b) none is defecti1e e.actly one is defecti1e.

(a) (b)

"& % "% " 3

$ 3 < = "% "" "& "" "& "" $ "& 3 = $ %%

&. 2e are gi1en three bags as follows: /ag * contains "% balls of which 4 are red /ag / contains "# balls of which # are red. /ag 0 contains 3 balls of which % are red. 2e select a bag at random and then draw a ball from it. (a) (b) 2hat is the probability that the ball is red4 5f a ball selected is red, what is the probability that it is drawn from bag *4 '. 5n a class of 4# students, %# students failed 6aths, %& students failed Physics, and "& students failed both sub7ects. * student is selected at random. (a) 5f he failed Physics, find the probability that he failed in 6aths. (b) 5f he failed 6aths, find the probability that he failed in Physics. (c) Find the probability that he failed in 6aths or Physics, but not both. 1(. Two people fire at a target at the same time. The probability that the first person hits the target is "84, while the second person hits the target is "8#. Find the probability that the target is hit. 11. Four students 7oin the entrance e.am of a uni1ersity, the probabilities of the students being accepted are

(a) (b)

" # " % "" + + = "% 3 "# 3 3 3<

P(red ball is chosen in bag * !

" 4 4 = 3 "% 3<

4 3< "" 3< 4 ""
= "& %& = " %

P(selected ball is drawn from bag * ! (a) (b) (c)

=

C failed both sub7ects C failed Physics

C failed both sub7ects C failed 6aths %# + %& % "& 4# = # $

"& %#

% #

" " 3 % " " " = " = 4 # # #

"9 "# 4 % 3 % " " " = , and respecti1ely. Find the %& "9 # 3 # %& "9 # 3 3 ,

probability that at least one of them being accepted. 1 . Three players thrown a die one by one and the first to throw a :si.; wins. Find the probability that (a) (b) the player who throws first wins, the player who throws ne.t wins. P(* D P(/ D P(0 ! ",
P(/ = # < P ( * , P (0 = # < P(/ = %# 3< P(*

(a)

3< $"

(b)

3& $"

1!. *n urn contains 4 red balls and < white balls. * ball is drawn from the urn and a ball of the other colour is then put into the urn. * second ball is then drawn from the urn. (a) (b) Find the probability that the second ball is red. 5f both balls were of the same colour, what is the probability that they were both red. 1". * man fires at a target with a probability of "8# hitting it. Find the at least 48#.

(a) (b)

4 3 < # %" + = "& "& "& "& #&

4 3 "& "& "% "&& < # "& "& 3&

P(E , E =

, P( 2, 2 =

"&&

"% % = "% + 3& 9

P(hitting target in one of the n fires

n n n

minimum number of fire in order that the probability of hitting the target is !" F P(not hitting target in all n fires
4 " 4 4 # " # # # # # 4

log # = 9.%" ) n ! 3 log(# 8 4

1#. 5n a competition, the chance for -ohn gets the * price is "83 and gets the /

""

price is 384. 2hat is the chance for him to get at least a price assuming that 3 4 3 4 "% 9 = = " 3 3 $ he cannot get both prices. "

%3

3 4

1$. * bag contains "$ red balls and " white ball. = takes out a ball from the bag at random and asks >. > tells = that it is a white ball. The chance > to tell lie is "8#. 2hat is the probability that the ball taken out from the bag is a white ball4 1%. 5n a tele1ision programme, a game is played. * person who has been gi1en ?"&& plays under the following rules. *t each toss of a fair coin, he bets ?"&& dollars on either tail or head with e@ual return if he wins. The game will be ended if (1) ( ) (a) (b) (c) he has no money left, the coin has been tossed fi1e times.

P(> tells = the ball is white

= "$ %& " # + " %& 4 # = %3 "&& %3 "&& = 4 %3

P(the ball is white = (a) " " = % 3

#
3

4 "&&

(b)

" " = 3% %

?"&& D ?#&& D ?%&&& ! ?%<&&

#

5f he wins fi1e times, an e.tra of ?%&&& will be gi1en. Find the probability that the game will be ended at the 3rd toss. Find the probability that he can win fi1e times. 0alculate the amount of money he will get in this case. Find the probability that he has at least lost one time in the game. 1&. * learnerAdri1er is determined to pass the dri1ing test e1entually. The probability that the learnerAdri1er will pass the dri1ing test on any one occasion is "83. Bach time the learnerAdri1er takes the dri1ing test, he has to pay ?#&&. (a) (c)
3" " " = 3% %

%% 4 = 33 $

Find the probability that the learnerAdri1er will (a) (b) (c) (d) fail the test in both his first and second attempts, fail the test in his first three attempts but pass the test in his fourth attempt, spend e.actly ?3&&& on dri1ing test, spend more that ?"&&& on dri1ing test.

(b)

%%%" 3333

3 3"

(c)

%%%%%" 3% = 3 3 3 3 3 3 9%$

(d)

%% 33

4 $