A Project Report On

AN ADAPTIVE DISTANCE RELAY SETTING FOR UHV/EHV POWER TRANSMISSION LINES MASTER OF ENGINEERING In
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

(Power S !te"! #n$ Power E%ectron&c!)

By '(SU)HASH REDDY *+,+-./+01

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL 2 ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING CHAITANYA )HARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GANDIPET HYDERA)AD30+++40

AN ADAPTIVE DISTANCE RELAY SETTING FOR UHV/EHV POWER TRANSMISSION LINES

DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO OSMANIA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF

MASTER OF ENGINEERING In
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

(Power S !te"! #n$ Power E%ectron&c!)

AS SPECIALI5ATION

) '(SU)HASH(REDDY *+,+-./+01
Under the estee ed !"id#n$e %&

Dr(P(VEN'ATA PRASAD
Ass%$i#te Pr%&ess%r' ()B)I)T)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL 2 ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING CHAITANYA )HARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY GANDIPET HYDERA)AD30+++40
ii

CHAITANYA )HARATHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL 2 ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is t% $erti&y th#t dissert#ti%n entit*ed 6AN ADAPTIVE DISTANCE RELAY SETTING FOR UHV/EHV POWER TRANSMISSION LINES7 is # re$%rd %& +%n#&ide ,%r- d%ne #nd s"+ itted +y '(SU)HASH(REDDY .R%** N%) /0/123/45' &%r the 6#rti#* &"*&i** ent %& the re7"ire ent &%r the #,#rd %& de!ree %& M#!ter o8 En9&neer&n9 in EEE ,ith Power ! !te" 2 Power e%ectron&c! #s s6e$i#*i8#ti%n t% the de6#rt ent %& E*e$tri$#* 9 E*e$tr%ni$s En!ineerin!' (B)I)T' Hyder#+#d( (erti&ied &"rther t% the +est %& %"r -n%,*ed!e' the res"*ts e +%died in this dissert#ti%n h#:e n%t +een s"+ itted t% #ny Uni:ersity %r Instit"te &%r the #,#rd %& #ny de!ree)

Dr) P)VEN;ATA PRASAD Ass%$i#te 6r%&ess%r ()B)I)T Hyder#+#d

Dr) ;) ;RISHNAVENI He#d' De6#rt ent %& EEE ()B)I)T Hyder#+#d

iii

AC'NOWLEDGEMENT

I #

inde+ted t% s%

#ny 6ers%ns th#t # $% 6*ete #$-n%,*ed!e ent ,%"*d +e

en$y$*%6edi$) M#ny %& e<6ress

y &riends #*s% he*6ed +y ,%rd #nd e<# 6*e) I t#-e this %66%rt"nity t%

y 6r%&%"nd #nd ,h%*e he#rt&"* th#n-s t% Dr( P( Ven:#t# Pr#!#$' ,h% ,ith his e' s"$$ess&"* $% 6*eti%n %& the 6r%=e$t

6#tien$e s"66%rt #nd sin$ere !"id#n$e he*6ed

I ,%"*d *i-e t% th#n- Dr( '( 'r&!;n#<en&= He#d %& the de6#rt ent' De6#rt ent %& EEE' (BIT &%r 6er ittin! e t% $#rry %"t the ,%r- #t (BIT) I ,%"*d #*s% t#-e this %66%rt"nity t% e in s"$$ess&"* $% 6*eti%n %& the

th#n- #** st#&& ,%r-

e +ers %& EEE de6#rt ent &%r $%>%6er#tin!

L#st +"t n%t *e#st it is %n*y the *%:e' en$%"r#!e ent $%nst#nt s"66%rt %& e !%in! %n thr%"!h this 6r%=e$t) I # $% 6*eti%n %& this 6r%=e$t) #*s%

y 6#rents -e6t e in

"$h %+*i!ed +y #** th%se ,h% he*6ed

'(SU)HASH(REDDY

i:

DECLARATION
I here +y de$*#re th#t the 6r%=e$t ,%r- entit*ed 6AN ADAPTIVE DISTANCE RELAY SETTING FOR UHV/EHV POWER TRANSMISSION LINES7 is s"+ itted +y e "nder the !"id#n$e %& Dr(P(VEN'ATA PRASAD in 6#rti#* &"*&i** ent %& the re7"ire ent %& M#ster %& En!ineerin! 6r%!r# s"+ itted +y %& Os #ni# Uni:ersity) F"rther I de$*#re th#t the re6%rt h#s n%t +een e t% #ny %ther instit"te %r "ni:ersity &%r the #,#rd %& #ny %ther di6*% # %r de!ree

'(SU)HASH(REDDY *+,+-./+01

A)STRACT
UHV?EHV tr#ns issi%n *ines #re :it#* t% 6%,er syste s #s they $%nstit"te 6%,er syste s @+#$-+%neA' #nd #re intended t% tr#ns it *#r!e # %"nt %& e*e$tri$ 6%,er %:er *%n! dist#n$e) The i 6ed#n$e %& the *ine $#6#$it#n$e is $% 6#r#+*e ,ith the *ine i 6ed#n$e' th"s its e&&e$ts %n the dist#n$e re*#y need t% +e $%nsidered' t% ens"re the dist#n$e re*#yAs re*i#+*e %6er#ti%n) On the %ther h#nd' sh"nt re#$t%rs #re ,ide*y #66*ied %n *%n! UHV?EHV tr#ns issi%n *ines' t% $% 6ens#te &%r $#6#$iti:e re#$t#n$e #nd?%r s"66ress se$%nd#ry #r$ $"rrents .n%r #**y in$*"de # ne"tr#* re#$t%r5 %n sin!*e>6h#se tri66in! s$he es) The re#$t%rs #y +e s,it$hed #s # "nit ,ith the tr#ns issi%n *ine' th"s their $"rrent ,%"*d +e in$*"ded in the $"rrent e#s"red +y the dist#n$e re*#y) Under s"$h $%nditi%n' the sh"nt re#$t%rs ,i** $% 6ens#te &%r s% e %& the e&&e$ts %& *ine $#6#$it#n$e th#t $#n #d:erse*y #&&e$t the dist#n$e re*#y' #nd th"s dire$t*y #&&e$t the re*#y 6er&%r #n$e) In this 6r%6%sed eth%d ,e $%nsidered the in&*"en$e %& sh"nt $#6#$it#n$e' 6re>&#"*t *%#din! $%nditi%ns #nd st"dy is t% 6%int %"t the e&&e$t %& *ine $#6#$it#n$e %n the dist#n$e re*#y' this st"dy $%nsists %& three 6#rts .25 intr%d"$e the +#sis &%r #66#rent i 6ed#n$e #n#*ysis #nd si "*#ti%n "sed in this eth%d) .05 #n#*y8e the e&&e$t %& *ine $#6#$it#n$e %n the #66#rent i 6ed#n$e' #nd there&%re P%int %"t the settin! 6rin$i6*es %& dist#n$e re*#y &%r UHV?EHV *%n! tr#ns issi%n *ines' #nd .B5 :eri&y the #n#*ysis res"*ts #nd settin! 6rin$i6*es ,ith %:er#** si "*#ti%ns t% # *%n! UHV tr#ns issi%n *ine) There #re se:er#* dist#n$e re*#y $h#r#$teristi$s' s"$h #s h%' %&&set h%' 7"#dri*#ter#*) In this 6r%6%sed s$he e' the 7"#dri*#ter#* $h#r#$teristi$ is t#-en #s #n e<# 6*e in the #n#*ysis #nd si "*#ti%ns' +"t the $%n$*"si%ns #re #*s% :#*id &%r %ther $h#r#$teristi$s) There #re se:er#* &#$t%rs #&&e$tin! the %& these &#$t%rs #re re*#ted t% the 6%,er syste e#s"red i 6ed#n$e #t the re*#yin! 6%int) S% e 6#r# eters 6ri%r t% the &#"*t inst#n$e' ,hi$h

$#n +e $#te!%ri8ed int% t,% !r%"6s) First !r%"6 is the str"$t"r#* $%nditi%ns' re6resented +y the sh%rt $ir$"it *e:e*s #t the tr#ns issi%n *ine ends' ,here#s the se$%nd !r%"6 is the %6er#ti%n#* $%nditi%ns' re6resented +y the *ine *%#d #n!*e #nd the :%*t#!e In #dditi%n t% the 6%,er syste #!nit"de r#ti% #t the *ine ends) 6#r# eters :i 6#r# eters' the &#"*t resist#n$e $%"*d !re#t*y in&*"en$e the

e#s"red i 6ed#n$e' in s"$h # ,#y th#t &%r 8er% &#"*t resist#n$e' the 6%,er syste

d% n%t #&&e$t the

e#s"red i 6ed#n$e) In %ther ,%rds' 6%,er syste 6#r# eters +e$% es %re se:ere)

6#r# eters #&&e$t the

e#s"red i 6ed#n$e %n*y in the 6resen$e %& the &#"*t resist#n$e' #nd #s the &#"*t resist#n$e in$re#ses' the i 6#$t %& 6%,er syste

An #d#6ti:e dist#n$e 6r%te$ti%n is intr%d"$ed t% s%*:e the 6r%+*e s $#"sed +y 6resen$e %& the &#"*t resist#n$e) Sin$e the &#"*t resist#n$e is #n "n-n%,n 6#r# eter' 6resented #n ide#* tri66in! $h#r#$teristi$ &%r dist#n$e re*#ys' &%r # de&inite r#n!e %& &#"*t resist#n$e' e)!) />0// %h s) Dis$"ss the #d#6ti:e dist#n$e 6r%te$ti%n &r% :#ri%"s 6%ints %& :ie,)

:ii

CONTENTS
P#9e no( List %& sy +%*s List %& Fi!"res List %& T#+*es CHAPTER 3. 2)2 Intr%d"$ti%n 2)0 C%nes %& 6r%te$ti%n 2)B Essenti#* 7"#*ities %& 6r%te$ti%n 2)D Dist#n$e 6r%te$ti%n 2)4 Liter#t"re S"r:ey 2)3 Or!#ni8#ti%n %& thesis CHAPTER 3 , APPARENT IMPEDANCE CALCULATIONS 0)2 Intr%d"$ti%n 0)0 A66#rent i 6ed#n$e ,ith%"t $%nsiderin! %& *ine $#6#$it#n$e 0)B A66#rent i 6ed#n$e #t re*#yin! 6%int ,ith $%nsider#ti%n %& *ine $#6#$it#n$e 0)D (%n$*"si%n CHAPTER 3 > B)2 Intr%d"$ti%n B)0 Ide#* tri66in! $h#r#$teristi$s B)B Me#s"red i 6ed#n$e :#ri#ti%ns B)D (%n$*"si%ns CHATER3? ADAPTIVE DISTANCE RELAY SETTING 4/ 43 CONCLUSIONS TRIPPING CHARACTERISTICS B0 B0 BE D4 23 23 02 B2 INTRODUCTION 2 0 D 3 2B 24 < <i <iii

D)2 Res"*ts #nd dis$"ssi%ns D)0 (%n$*"si%ns CHAPTER @ 0

:iii

4)2 (%n$*"si%n 4)0 F"t"re ,%r-

4E 41

REFEREN(ES APPENDIF

LIST OF SYM)OLS
i<

R #r$
d C2L C/L G h C2SM #nd C2SN EM #nd EN IPRE VPRE RF (2 (/ IAM VAM I2F I0F I/F

#r$ resist#n$e 6er "nit *en!th *ine 6%siti:e se7"en$e i 6ed#n$e in %h s *ine 8er% se7"en$e i 6ed#n$e in %h s *%#d #n!*e %& the *ine :%*t#!e #!nit"de r#ti% #t the *ine ends s%"r$e i 6ed#n$es s%"r$es :%*t#!es 6re &#"*t *ine $"rrent 6re &#"*t :%*t#!e #t &#"*t 6%int &#"*t resist#n$e HVe se7"en$e $"rrent distri+"ti%n &#$t%r 8er% se7"en$e $"rrent distri+"ti%n &#$t%r 6h#se @AA &#"*t $"rrent Ph#se @AA V%*t#!e e#s"red +y re*#y #t @MA e#s"red +y re*#y 6%int @MA

P%siti:e se7"en$e &#"*t $"rrent Ne!#ti:e se7"en$e &#"*t $"rrent 8er% se7"en$e &#"*t $"rrent

LIST OF FIGURES
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Fi!)2)2 C%nes %& 6r%te$ti%n Fi!)2)0 .#5 O6er#tin! $h#r#$teristi$ %& # re#$t#n$e re*#y .+5 Re#$t#n$e re*#y ,ith st#rtin! "nit Fi!)2)B (h#r#$teristi$s %& MHO re*#y Fi!)2)D (h#r#$teristi$ %& #n!*e>i 6ed#n$e re*#y Fi!)2)4 F#"*t #re# %n #n i 6ed#n$e di#!r# Fi!)2)3 MHO re*#y ,ith +*inders Fi!)2)E M"*ti>in6"t 6h#se $% 6#r#t%r &%r 7"#dri*#ter#* $h#r#$teristi$ Fi!)2)1 :#ri%"s $h#r#$teristi$s res"*tin! &r% indi$#ted in the &i!)2)E Fi!)0)2 Line di#!r# &%r 6h#se>t%>!r%"nd &#"*t ,ith%"t $%nsider#ti%n %& *ine $#6#$it#n$e Fi!)0)0 Se7"en$e di#!r# &%r A>6h#se>t%>!r%"nd &#"*t ,ith%"t $%nsider#ti%n %& *ine $#6#$it#n$e Fi!)0)B M%de* in$*"din! the sh"nt $#6#$it#n$e in&*"en$es &%r the tr#ns issi%n *ine Fi!)0)D Line di#!r# &%r 6h#se>t%>!r%"nd &#"*t ,ith $%nsider#ti%n %& *ine $#6#$it#n$e Fi!)0)4 Se7"en$e di#!r# *ine $#6#$it#n$e Fi!)B)2 Dist#n$e re*#y tri66in! $h#r#$teristi$ #t hJ/)I3' GJ23/ Fi! B)0 Dist#n$e re*#y tri66in! $h#r#$teristi$ #t hJ/)I3' GJ4/ Fi!)B)B Det#i*ed dist#n$e re*#y tri66in! $h#r#$teristi$ Fi! B)D In$re#se in e#s"red resist#n$e' re#$t#n$e' #nd i 6ed#n$e #!nit"de $%nditi%ns Fi!)B)4 Tri66in! $h#r#$teristi$ :#ri#ti%ns ,ith $h#n!es in 6%,er syste Fi! B)3 V#ri#ti%n in # %"nt %& in$re#se in i 6ed#n$e Fi!)B)1 In$re#se in #!nit"de' ,ith $h#n!es in 6%,er syste &%r 6h#se>A>!r%"nd &#"*t ,ith $%nsider#ti%n %& the 6h#se $% 6#ris%n %& in6"ts

B E 1 I 2/ 22 20 2B 2E 21 02 04 03 BB B4 B3 B3 BE B1 BI #!nit"de' BI

e#s"red resist#n$e' re#$t#n$e #nd $%nditi%ns

Fi!)B)E Tri66in! $h#r#$teristi$ *%#d #n!*e $h#n!es e#s"red resist#n$e' re#$t#n$e' #nd i 6ed#n$e *%#d #n!*e $h#n!es

<i

Fi! B)I Tri66in! $h#r#$teristi$ :#ri#ti%n' :%*t#!e r#ti% $h#n!es Fi! B)2/ In$re#se in Fi! B)20 In$re#se in sh%rt $ir$"it Fi! B)2D In$re#se in e#s"red resist#n$e' re#$t#n$e' #nd i 6ed#n$e e#s"red resist#n$e' re#$t#n$e' #nd i 6ed#n$e #!nit"de $h#n!es #!nit"de $h#n!es #!nit"de' e#s"red resist#n$e' re#$t#n$e' #nd i 6ed#n$e #!nit"de #!nit"de' Fi! B)22 Tri66in! $h#r#$teristi$ :#ri#ti%n ,ith sh%rt $ir$"it r#ti%

D/ D2 D0 D0 DB DD DD #!nit"de' D4

Fi! B)2B Tri66in! $h#r#$teristi$ :#ri#ti%ns' sh%rt $ir$"it sh%rt $ir$"it r#ti% $h#n!es

Fi! B)24 Tri66in! $h#r#$teristi$ :#ri#ti%n #s *ine *en!th $h#n!es Fi!)B)23 In$re#se in e#s"red resist#n$e' re#$t#n$e' #nd i 6ed#n$e *ine *en!th $h#n!es Fi!)D)2) Pr#$ti$#* i 6ed#n$e +%"nd#ry +y the 6r%6%sed Meth%d ,ith de*t#J23' hJ/)I3 Fi!)D)0) Pr#$ti$#* i 6ed#n$e +%"nd#ry +y the 6r%6%sed Meth%d ,ith de*t#J4' hJ/)II

43

LIST OF TA)LES
Table.1.1 Causes of failures of a protective scheme may be due to the failure of various elements 4 T#+*e B)2 S%"r$e i 6ed#n$es T#+*e B)0 O:erhe#d *ine 6#r# eters T#+*e B)B F#"*t in Tr#ns issi%n *ine #t I4 K dist#n$e ,ith hJ/)I3' GJ23/ T#+*e B)D F#"*t in tr#ns issi%n *ine #t I4 K dist#n$e ,ith hJ/)I3' GJ4/ T#+*e D)2 :#ri#ti%n %& di&&erent 6#r# eters &%r $h#n!in! re %te s%"r$e i 6ed#n$e <ii B0 B0 BD B4

,ith hJ/)I3' GJ23% T#+*e D)0 D//-V S%"r$e i 6ed#n$es T#+*e D)B D//-V Line 6#r# eters

D1 4/ 4/

<iii