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During sizing, the yarns are under tension, this results in a slight permanent stretch in the yarn. It
leads to a decrease in extensibility or elongation at break of the sized yarn, which leads to more
breakage at the loom shed.
The creel stretch on the existing type of sizing machines has to be controlled manually. The yarn
tension in the creel zone increases gradually with reduction in diameter of the warper's beam. To
counter this, the tightening of the beam is required to be adjusted suitably as the sizing
progresses.
The control of stretch in this zone can be done with the help of 'positive dry nip'.
On multicylinder sizing machines, stretch can be controlled by synchronising the PIV gear
during the cylinders with that driving he finishing squeeze roller in the wet zone.
A moisture control of 8-10% should be maintained in the sized cotton yarns. With excessive
drying, the size film becomes brittle and harsh.
Very high moisture content is also undesirable because it makes the size films soft and the yarn
sticky.
A satisfactory weaver's beam should unwind well on the loom. These are some of the important
package faults:
1. Density of sized beams: A loosly packed weaver's beam does not work well. The density is
mainly influenced by two factors:
a. effectiveness of the friction clutch or the DC drive
b. effectiveness of the bream pressing motion.
Those end breaks during sizing that do not form lappers are called invisible breaks.
Both lappers and invisible breaks result in missing and broken ends in the sized beams.
Crossed Ends- these are formed during weaving whenever the leading end is not available in the
appropriate place on the beam,and, therefore, the weaver has to knot the trailing end to an end
that is far away. This happens because in some cases the leading end of an invisible break
migrates to a distant place.
Sticky ends - These are caused when broken ends from the warper's beam migrate to the yarn of
another warper's beam.
In order to control these faults, it is necessary to control the incidence of lappers and invisible
breaks.
Defective selvedges
There are two types of defective selvedges that cause more difficulty in unwinding during
weaving than the ends of the beam of thebeam. These are:
1. Sunken selvedges
2. Bulging selvedges
Ridges on the beam are formed when the ends that are taken in one dent of the comb do not
spread out. To minimise the falut the eccentric dancing rollers at the headstock should be
adjusted properly.