Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 15

DESIGN PROCESS AND ENGINEERING DRAWING

ME 240 INTRODUCTION TO DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING

Northwestern University

Steps in the Design Process

Conceptual Design

Preliminary Design

Detail Design

Northwestern University

Preliminary (Embodiment) Design


Preliminary design is that part of the design process in which, starting from the concept of a technical product, the design is developed, in accordance with technical and economic criteria to the point where subsequent detail design can lead directly to manufacturing

General objectives: Fulfillment of technical function Economic feasibility Individual and environmental safety Governing rules: Clarity Simplicity Safety
Northwestern University

Preliminary (Embodiment) Design


Principles of Embodiment Design: Principles of force transmission
Flowlines of force; Uniform strength; short force transmission path; Matched deformations; etc.

Principle of the division of tasks


Assignment of sub-functions;

Principle of self-help
Self reinforcing solutions; Self balancing; Self protection; etc

Etc.

Methods/Guidelines for Embodiment Design: Design for X


X = Strength; Deformation; Creep & relaxation; Corrosion; Production; Etc.

Northwestern University

Detail Design
Detail design is that part of the design process which completes the preliminary/embodiment design with final instructions and information about the layout, form, dimensions and surface properties of all individual components, the definitive selection of materials and a final scrutiny of the manufacturing methods and costs.

Steps of Detail Design: Finalizing the definitive layout Integration of individual components into assemblies Completion of production documents
The most important aspect of detail design is the preparation of the production documents and especially of detailed component drawings, of assembly drawings and of parts lists (BOMs).

We will focus now on the rules, techniques and methods of developing detailed component drawings and specifications.
Northwestern University

Example of an Engineering Drawing


Dimensioned according to ANSI

Northwestern University

Projections
3-D Projections:

Multiview Projections:

Northwestern University

Projections
Projection Plane View Point Projection Plane

Perspective Projection

Orthographic Projection

Northwestern University

Third Angle Projection

Northwestern University

Standard Views in Third Angle Projection


Preferred Views

Northwestern University

First Angle Projection

Preferred Views

Northwestern University

First and Third Angle Projection


Summary of standard use and symbols:

Northwestern University

Auxiliary Views

Northwestern University

Sections and Detail Views

Northwestern University

Representation of Threaded Features

Northwestern University

Sheet Layout

ANSI sizes
A B C Etc. 8.50 x 11.00 11.00 x 17.00 17.00 x 22.00 Title block

Northwestern University

ASSEMBLY DRAWING

Northwestern University

PART DRAWINGS

Northwestern University

Line Usage
Outlines, edges of planes, etc. Hidden lines Center lines (axes of rotation) Witness and leader lines 25 25

Dimension lines

EXAMPLE:

Center line Hidden line

Leader line Visible line Dimension line


25
Northwestern University

Extension (witness) line

Dimension Placement
Some important rules:
Dimension lines should lie outside of the outline of the part whenever possible Dimension lines should not cross one another Dimensions should be included on a view that shows the true length of the feature Each feature should be dimensioned only once Dimension lines should be aligned or grouped to promote clarity whenever possible The numerical dimensions and arrows should be placed between the extension lines where space permits Dimensions should be no closer than about 10 mm from the objects outline Dimensions should be placed in clear spaces, as close as possible to the feature they describe

Northwestern University

10

Dimension Placement
Some important rules (continued):
Extension lines may cross visible lines of the object Dimension lines and extension lines should not cross, if possible. Extension lines may cross other extension lines A center line may be extended to serve as an extension line Centerlines should not extend from view to view Leader lines are usually sloped at about 30, 45, or 60 degrees and are never horizontal or vertical There should be no redundant dimensions Dimensions related to function or manufacturing should be given Numerical values of dimensions should be centered between arrowheads Numerical values of dimensions should be standard values if possible

Northwestern University

Dimension Placement
Examples of correct and incorrect use:

Northwestern University

11

Dimension Placement
Examples of correct and incorrect use:

Northwestern University

Dimension Placement
Examples of correct and incorrect use:

Northwestern University

12

Dimension Placement
Examples of correct and incorrect use:

Northwestern University

Dimension Placement
Examples of correct and incorrect use:

Northwestern University

13

A Complete Engineering Drawing

Northwestern University

EXAMPLE
6 8 3 3 3 2 Incorrect Drawing

3 4

15R

Northwestern University

14

EXAMPLE
6 8 Incorrect Drawing

8 6

3 3 3 2

3 4 3 6

15R

Improved Drawing (Incomplete)

3 4

R15
Northwestern University

15

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi