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PART ONE: THE BASIC TOOLS OF CHEMISTRY

Chapter Three: Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
(Text from Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, by Kotz, Treichel, and Weaver

Molecular formula: a formula that describes the composition of the compound but
gives no structural information

Condensed formula: a formula that indicates how certain atoms are grouped together

Structural formula: a formula that shows how all the atoms are attached within a
molecule, with lines between atoms representing bonds

Ball-and-stick model: a type of molecular model that employs multicolored spheres to

represent atoms and sticks to represent bonds

Space-filling model: a type of molecular model that gives a better impression of the
relative sizes of the atoms

Ionic compound: compounds that consist of ions (atoms or groups of atoms that bear
a positive or negative electric charge)

Cation: a positively charged ion

Anion: a negatively charged ion

Halide ions: the anions of group 7A (17), including fluoride, chloride, bromide, and
iodide

Oxoanions: polyatomic negative ions that contain oxygen

Electrostatic forces: the forces of repulsion or attraction that occur when two ions are
brought together

Crystal lattice: the solid state of an ionic solid, an extended three-dimensional

network

Binary compounds: compounds composed of two nonmetallic elements

Mass percent: the mass of each element in the compound relative to the total mass of
the compound

Empirical formula: the simplest whole-number atom ratio for a compound

Hydrated compounds: compounds in which molecules of water are associated with

ions of the compound

Anhydrous: a substance without water

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PART ONE: THE BASIC TOOLS OF CHEMISTRY
Chapter Three: Molecules, Ions, and Their Compounds
(Text from Chemistry and Chemical Reactivity, by Kotz, Treichel, and Weaver