Current and Future Development of Open Source and Latest Development in ICT

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Group Members Name: Yap Boon Thin = 971012-14-6181 Kessler Weisoon Lock = 970623-10-5253 Ng Chun Yee = 970429-14-6529 Leong Yan Bin = 971222-56-5755 Class: 4 Mahir Teachers Name: Puan. Siti Noor

CONTENT INTRODUCTION Definition of Open Source Software Definition of Hardware Definition of Software LATEST OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM Meaning of Open Source Operating System Examples of Open Source Operating System THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE APPLICATION SOFTWARE Meaning of Open Source Application Software Example of Open Source Application Software THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN ICT The Latest Computer Hardware The Latest Computer Software PERVASIVE COMPUTING Meaning of Pervasive Computing Examples of Pervasive Computing

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CONCLUSION

REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION Definition of Open Source Application Software

Open-source software (OSS) is computer software with its source code made available and licensed with an open-source license in which the copyright holder provides the rights to study, change and distribute the software for free to anyone and for any purpose. Open-source software is very often developed in a public, collaborative manner. Open-source software is the most prominent example of open-source development and often compared to (technically defined) user-generated content or (legally defined) open-content movements.

Definition of Hardware
Hardware is best described as a device that is physically connected to your computer or something that can be physically touched. Most hardware will contain a circuit board, ICs, and other electronics. A perfect example of hardware is a computer monitor, which is an output device that lets you see what you're doing on the computer. Without any hardware, your computer would not exist, and software would not be able to run. In the image to the right, is a webcam and an example of an external hardware peripheral that allows users to make videos or pictures and transmit them over the Internet.

Example of hardware: CPU (Central Processor Unit)

Alternatively referred to as the brain of the computer, processor, central processor, or microprocessor, the CPU (pronounced as C-P-U) was first developed at Intel with the help of Ted Hoff in the early 1970's and is short for Central Processing Unit. The computer CPU is responsible for handling all instructions it receives from hardware and software running on the computer. In the below picture, is an example of what the top and bottom of an Intel Pentium processor looks like. The processor is placed and secured into a compatible CPU socket found on the motherboard, and because of the heat it produces it is covered with a heat sink to help keep it cool and running smoothly.

Definition of Software
Software, is any set of machine-readable instructions (most often in the form of a computer program) that directs a computer's processor to perform specific operations. The term is used to contrast with computer hardware, the physical objects (processor and related devices) that carry out the instructions. Hardware and software require each other; neither has any value without the other. Firmware is software that has been permanently stored in hardware (specifically in non-volatile memory). It thus has qualities of both software and hardware. Software is a general term. It can refer to all computer instructions in general or to any specific set of computer instructions. It is inclusive of both machine instructions (the binary code that the processor understands) and source code (more human-understandable instructions that must be rendered into machine code by compilers or interpreters before being executed).

Example of Software:
OS X Mavericks

OS X Mavericks (version 10.9) is the tenth major release of OS X, Apple Inc.'s desktop and server operating system for Macintoshcomputers. OS X Mavericks was announced on June 10, 2013 at WWDC 2013, and is scheduled for a release later in 2013. OS X Mavericks is in beta and currently available to developers. The update places emphasis on battery life, Finder enhancements, other enhancements for power users, and continued iCloud integration, as well as bringing more of Apple's iOS apps to the OS X platform. This release marks the beginning of a change in the naming scheme of OS X, departing from the use of big cats and moving to names based on places in California. Following the new naming scheme, the current version of the operating system is named Mavericks, after the surfing location in California. http://www.apple.com/osx/preview/

LATEST OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEM Meaning of Open Source Operating System
Open Source Operating System is any operating system that is free to use and which provides the original code where the source code is available (under a copyright license) to the public, which enables them to use, modify / enhance the operating system, and redistribute the modified (or unmodified) form of the operating system. The advance user can modify the code of the operating system to make it works better for them in starting the computer or a likely user interface.

Example of Open Source Operating System: Android

Android is a Linux-based operating system designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Initially developed by Android, Inc., which Google backed financially and later bought in 2005, Android was unveiled in 2007 along with the founding of the Open Handset Alliance: a consortium of hardware, software, and telecommunication companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices. The first Android-powered phone was sold in October 2008. Android is open source and Google releases the code under the Apache License. This open source code and permissive licensing allows the software to be freely modified and distributed by device manufacturers, wireless carriers and enthusiast developers. Additionally, Android has a large community of developers writing applications ("apps") that extend the functionality of devices, written primarily in a customized version of theJava programming language. In October 2012, there were approximately 700,000 apps available for Android, and the estimated number of applications downloaded from Google Play, Android's primary app store, was 25 billion. These factors have contributed towards making Android the world's most widely used smartphone platform, overtaking Symbian in the fourth quarter of 2010, and the software of choice for technology companies who require a low-cost, customizable, lightweight operating system forhigh tech devices without developing one from scratch. As a result, despite being primarily designed for phones and tablets, it has seen additional applications on televisions, games consoles, digital cameras and other electronics. Android's open nature has further encouraged a large community of developers and enthusiasts to use the open source code as a foundation for community-driven projects, which add new features for advanced users or bring Android to devices which were officially released running other operating systems. A report in July 2013 stated that Android's share of the global smartphone market, led by Samsung products, was 64% in March 2013. The operating system's success has made it a target for patent litigation as part of the so-called "smartphone wars" between technology

companies. As of May 2013, a total of 900 million Android devices have been activated and 48 billion apps have been installed from the Google Play store.

THE LATEST OPEN SOURCE APPLICATION SOFTWARE Meaning of Open Source Application Software
Open source software is a computer software that the source code is available and free. For Examples include enterprise software, accounting software, office suites, graphics software and media players. Many application programs deal principally with documents. Applications may be bundled with the computer and its system software or published separately, and can be coded as university projects.

Example of Open Source Application Software: WordPress

WordPress is a free and open source blogging tool and a content management system (CMS) based on PHP and MySQL which runs on a Web hosting service. Features include a plug-in architecture and a template system. WordPress is used by over 14.7% of Alexa Internet's "top 1 million" websites, and as of August 2011 manages 22% of all new websites. WordPress is currently the most popular blogging system in use on the Web, powering over 60 million websites worldwide.

THE LATEST DEVELOPMENT IN ICT The Latest Computer Hardware

NVIDIA GTX 760

The GTX 760 factors into this equation perfectly by providing a graphics card that can play at high resolutions and detail settings while targeting one of the markets most popular segments. While the main goal of the GTX 760 is to supplant the well-received GTX 660 Ti in NVIDIAs lineup, there is also some heady competition sitting within its $250 price point. AMDs HD 7950 Boost which can be found for as little as $279 is the most obvious threat since it features an excellent price / performance ratio and includes an over-the-top Never Settle game bundle. Those free games (Far Cry 3 Blood Dragon, Tomb Raider, BioShock Infinite and Crysis 3) present a value added proposition that NVIDIA has yet to match even though AMDs card is a least $30 more than the GTX 760. Theyre also included with the $269 non-Boost HD 7950 but that card is becoming less of a factor in todays environment since higher clocked versions are available for about the same cost. At first glance the latest addition to NVIDIAs lineup looks like yet another slam-dunk for anyone looking at an inexpensive sub-$299 gaming GPU. Even with this competition, AMD seems reluctant to substantially lower their prices, choosing to focus on enhancing their game offerings instead. Whether or not that will carry on into the GTX 760s segment remains to be seen but NVIDIA does seem to have a strong hand in play here.

The Latest Computer Software WhatsApp Messenger

WhatsApp Messenger is a proprietary, cross-platform instant messaging application for smartphones. In addition to text messaging, users can send each other images, video, and audio media messages. The client software is available for Android, BlackBerry OS, BlackBerry 10, iOS, Series 40, Symbian (S60), and Windows Phone. WhatsApps Inc. was founded in 2009 by Brian Acton and Jan Koum, both veterans of Yahoo!, and is based in Santa Clara, California. Competing with a number of Asian-based messaging services (like LINE, KakaoTalk, and WeChat), WhatsApp was handling ten billion messages per day as of August 2012, growing from two billion in April 2012 and one billion the previous October. According to the Financial Times, WhatsApp "has done to SMS on mobile phones what Skype did to international calling on landlines."

Pervasive computing Meaning of Pervasive Computing

Pervasive computing means the technology that is gracefully integrated in our everyday life. The user is no longer aware of this embedded technology. Pervasive computing uses web technology, portable devices, wireless communications and nomadic or ubiquitous computing systems. Other

terms for pervasive computing are Ubiquitous Computing, Calm Technology, and Things That Think. It is about the ability to deliver any information to any device over any network. In short, it is about computers everywhere where computers are embedded into equipments, machines, furniture or people. The current technology has evolved into embedded, networked and wireless.

Example of Pervasive Computing :

The automatic Touch 'n Go

The Touch 'n Go smart card is used by Malaysian toll expressway and highway operators as the sole electronic payment system (EPS). The credit card sized smartcard made of plastic with Philips' MIFARE microchip technology embedded in it. The Touch 'n Go systems are designed to process up to 800 vehicles per hour to ease the queue congestion at toll plazas and if used together withSmartTAG (a non-stop electronic toll collection system), will be able to process up to 1,200 vehicles per hour.

The 4G-LTE Technology Smartphone

In telecommunications, 4G is the fourth generation of mobile phone mobile communication technology standards. It is a successor of the third generation (3G) standards. A 4G system providesmobile ultra-broadband Internet access, for example to laptops with USB wireless modems, to smartphones, and to other mobile devices. Conceivable applications include amended mobile webaccess, IP telephony, gaming services, highdefinition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D television and cloud computing. Two 4G candidate systems are commercially deployed: the Mobile WiMAX standard (at first in South Korea in 2006), and the first-release Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard (in Oslo, Norway and Stockholm, Sweden since 2009). It has however been debated if these first-release versions should be considered to be 4G or not, as discussed in the technical definition section below. In the U.S., Sprint Corporation has deployed Mobile WiMAX networks since 2008, and MetroPCS was the first operator to offer LTE service in 2010. USB wireless modems have been available since the start, while WiMAX smartphones have been available since 2010, and LTE smartphones since 2011. Equipment made for different continents are not always compatible, because of different frequency bands. Mobile WiMAX are currently (April 2012) not available for the European market.

CONCLUSION
Open Source can be used by anyone and because it has no copyright claims, so users are free to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms. Pervasive Computing is to make our lives become more easier because we can interact with computers. Besides, we can easily give the computer commands and the computer will grant your wish.

REFERENCE
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_software http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syllable_OS http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_chrome http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_8