CME 265 Assignment 3 due at 1700h, October 3, 2012

This assignment addresses multiple process unit material balances. Use degrees of freedom analysis to determine the best (or the only possible) starting point. Flowsheets, material balance tables, and degree of freedom analysis may not be explicitly required in the problem statement, but you should assume that they are necessary for all material and/or energy balance problems for the remainder of the course. 1. Component flows modified from Reklaitis 2.29. Oilseed protein sources include syobean, cottonseed, peanut, sunflower, copra, canola, sesame, safflower, castor, and flax. The separation of oil from the protein meal is done using a solvent extraction process shown below. The composition of cottonseed is 4% hull, 10% linter, 37% meal, and 49% oil. During the extraction step, 2 kg of hexane solvent must be used per kg of clean seeds processed. Complete the material balance for a basis of 1000 kg of raw seeds. Start by setting up the material balance table in terms of component flows. Solve as much as you can by inspection, then complete the full degrees of freedom analysis and material balances for any remaining flows and answer the following questions: a) What is the required solvent make-up as a percentage of the required solvent flow in the extraction unit? What is the percent of solvent which is recycled through the solvent recovery unit? b) What is the percent recovery of oil? The following stream information is also available: streams 7, 8, and 9 are pure solvent all of the hulls and linter are removed in the cleaning vessel stream 4 contains 0.5% solvent and all of the meal
Make-up Solvent

Raw Seeds

1 3 9

8 7

2
Hulls and Linter Solvent Extraction

Solvent Recovery

6
Pure Oil

4
Oil-free meal with 0.5% solvent

Not everything that can be counted counts, and not everything that counts can be counted. Einstein

2.

Recycle Streams-reboiler and condenser on a distillation column Felder and Rousseau, problem 431. For this problem, the stream numbers are as follows: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 feed to the column vapor leaving the top of the column reflux stream overhead product stream liquid stream leaving the bottom of the column boilup stream bottoms product

Two material balance tables are required: one for the initial problem statement in part (a), and a final material balance table for the completely solved material balances. Use your solution from part (a) to find the boil-up ratio (F6/F5), and to answer the questions in part (c). Omit part (b). 3. Sugar production modified from Himmelblau 5th ed 2.63. A simplified flowsheet for the manufacture of sugar is shown below. Sugarcane is fed to a mill where a syrup is squeezed out, and the resulting bagasse contains 80% pulp. The syrup (Stream 3) containing finely divided pieces of pulp is fed to a screen which removes all the pulp and produces a clear syrup (Stream 5) containing 15% sugar and 85% water. The ratio of water to sugar in the liquid attached to the pulp may be different from the ratio in the clear liquid filtrate. The evaporator makes a heavy syrup and the crystallizer produces 1000 kg/hr of sugar crystals. a) c) Why can you assume that the compositions are given in weight percent? Complete the material balances and answer the following questions: What is the flowrate of water removed in the evaporator (F6) in kg/hr? What is the composition of the waste stream 4? What is the feedrate of sugar cane (kg/hr)?

b) Using degrees of freedom analysis, identify all starting points (units where the df=0).

d) What percent of the cane sugar is recovered in the product streams? Where does most of the unrecovered sugar go?

Kresta 27/09/2012