ELECTRIC ECOFLOOR

INTRODUCTION:
Scientists discovered ways to produce electric energy in large amounts in order to make heat, light and motion. These discoveries have improved our lives greatly and for many of us it would be difficult to picture what life would be like without electricity. So we need to conserve electricity by avoiding use up of vital natural resources that are in short supply. By conserving electricity, we can save energy and environment in a single shot. So here we came up with one of the idea which already existed and that is the generation of electricity from the floor by the stress created by the mechanical energy. And we call it has Electric Ecofloor. As our discussion goes on further we discuss much about pie oelectric effect, pie oelectric material etc.

HISTORY
E!"#E!"$%""&'
The club(!limate pro)ect is %ondon*s first taste of eco#friendly , making people happy in the knowledge booty shaking can generate +,- of the energy needed to run the building. The venue*s most exciting innovation is the pie oelectric eco floors, which uses .uart crystals and ceramics to turn peoples* movement to current. The pie oelectric eco floor at Bar Surya uses the pressure of person to generate electricity. The owners have variously claimed the floor provides between /, and +, per cent of the entire building*s electricity re.uirement. Building 0att, a new eco building in the 1etherlands, has a similar eco floor and estimates each ecor generates between / and 2, watts.

E!"#0A%3$%""&'
0ho has made this a reality is Stephen !han 0ing Tak. Stephen has come up with Eco# Energy $looring System pads which can illuminate %E4 lights by )ust walking or applying pressure on them. Eco#Energy $looring System is made up of pie oelectric blocks. The pie oelectric

technology is used in the system for converting power and storage of 4! electricity.

WORKING:

RGBS LEDS'&ed,green,blue these different colours of the %E4 lights

makes the generated energy levels visible on the Eco $loor.

MICROCHIP: A 5icrochip is a semiconductor integrated circuit. The function depends

on what it is designed to do. 6t could be a micro processor, memory chip, or digital tuner. 6t could be used in your wristwatch, microwave oven, cell phone, garage door opener, the space shuttle, or almost anything. An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit 7also referred to as an 6!, a chip, or a microchip8 is a set of electronic circuits on one small plate 79chip98 of semiconductor material, normally silicon. This can be made much smaller than a discrete circuit made from independent components. 6ntegrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic e.uipment today and have revolutioni ed the world of electronics. !omputers, mobile phones, and other digital home appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies, made possible by the low cost of producing integrated circuits. 6!s can be made very compact, having up to several billion transistors and other electronic components in an area the si e of a fingernail. The width of each conducting line in a circuit 7the line width8 can be made smaller and smaller as the technology advances, in :,,; it dropped below 2,, nanometers and in :,2< it is expected. Introduction
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Synthetic detail of an integrated circuit through four layers of planari ed copper interconnect, down to the polysilicon 7pink8, wells 7greyish8, and substrate 7green8 6!s were made possible by experimental discoveries showing that semiconductor devices could perform the functions of vacuum tubes and by mid#:,th#century technology advancements in semiconductor device fabrication. The integration of large numbers of tiny transistors into a small chip was an enormous improvement over the manual assembly of circuits using discrete electronic components. The integrated circuit=s mass production capability, reliability, and building#block approach to circuit design ensured the rapid adoption of standardi ed 6ntegrated !ircuits in place of designs using discrete transistors. There are two main advantages of 6!s over discrete circuits' cost and performance. !ost is low because the chips, with all their components, are printed as a unit by photolithography rather than being constructed one transistor at a time. $urthermore, much less material is used to construct a packaged 6! die than to construct a discrete circuit. >erformance is high because the components switch .uickly and consume little power 7compared to their discrete counterparts8 as a result of the small si e and close proximity of the components. As of :,2:, typical chip areas range from a few s.uare millimeters to around (/, mm:, with up to ? million transistors per mm:. T r!ino"o#$: A circuit in which all or some of the circuit elements are inseparably associated and electrically interconnected so that it is considered to be indivisible for the purposes of construction and commerce. !ircuits meeting this definition can be constructed using many different technologies # see for example thin#film transistor, thick film technology, or hybrid integrated circuit. @owever, in general usage integrated circuit has since come to refer to the single#piece circuit construction originally known as a monolithic integrated circuit.

G n r%tion& 6n the early days of integrated circuits, only a few transistors could be placed on a chip, as the scale used was large because of the contemporary technology, and manufacturing yields were low by today=s standards. As the degree of integration was small, the design process was relatively simple. "ver time, millions, and today billions,A of transistors could be placed on one chip, and a good design re.uired thorough planning. This gave rise to new design methods. SSI' MSI %nd LSI : (LSI:

Bpper interconnect layers on an 6ntel ;,(;+4C: microprocessor die The final step in the development process, starting in the 2?;,s and continuing through the present, was 9very large#scale integration9 7D%S68. The development started with hundreds of thousands of transistors in the early 2?;,s, and continues beyond several billion transistors as of :,,?. 5ultiple developments were re.uired to achieve this increased density. 5anufacturers moved to smaller design rules and cleaner fabrication facilities, so that they could make chips with more transistors and maintain ade.uate yield. The path of process improvements was summari ed by the 6nternational Technology &oadmap for Semiconductors 76T&S8. 4esign tools improved enough to make it practical to finish these designs in a reasonable time. The more energy efficient !5"S replaced 15"S and >5"S, avoiding a prohibitive increase in power consumption. 6n 2?;+ the first one megabit &A5 chips were introduced, which contained more than one million transistors. 5icroprocessor chips passed the million transistor mark in 2?;? and the
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billion transistor mark in :,,/.A2;E The trend continues largely unabated, with chips introduced in :,,F containing tens of billions of memory transistors.A2?E ULSI' WSI' SOC %nd )D*IC

FIRMW+RE
6n electronic systems and computing, ,ir!-%r is the combination of persistent memory and program code and data stored in it.A2E Typical examples of devices containing firmware are embedded systems 7such as traffic lights, consumer appliances, and digital watches8, computers, computer peripherals, mobile phones, and digital cameras. The firmware contained in these devices provides the control program for the device. $irmware is held in non#volatile memory devices such as &"5, E>&"5, or flash memory

As the eco floor is fusion of electronics , embedded software and smart durable materials. Smart materials are materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli, such as stress, temperature, moisture, p@, electric or magnetic fields. There are a number of types of smart material, some of which are already common. Some examples are as following' G >ie oelectric materials are materials that produce a voltage when stress is applied. Since this effect also applies in the reverse manner,

WORKING PRINCIPLE'
The eco#floor electricity uses pie oelectric effect, pie oelectric material, generators, commerciali ed lightning packs 7%%!8, and other electric storage and regulatory devices. So here we discuss in brief about them'

>6EH"E%E!T&6! E$$E!T'
!ertain materials, when s.uee ed, develop a charge and produce electricity. Therefore, the conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy or vice versa refers to pie oelectric effect.
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>6EH"E%E!T&6!6TI'
6s the charge which accumulates in certain solid materials in response to applied mechanical strain. The word pie oelectricity means electricity resulting from pressure, which means to s.uee e or press, and electric or electron, which stands for amber J an ancient source of electric charge, is produced. >ie oelectricity is the direct result of the pie oelectric effect. The pie oelectric effect is understood as the linear electromechanical interaction between the mechanical and the electrical state in crystalline materials. The pie oelectric effect is a reversible process in that materials exhibiting the direct pie oelectric effect 7the internal generation of electrical charge resulting from an applied mechanical force8 also exhibit the reverse pie oelectric effect 7the internal generation of a mechanical force resulting from an applied electrical field8.

>6EH"E%E!T&6! 5ATE&6A%'
5any materials, both natural and man#made, exhibit pie oelectricity'

N%tur%""$*occurrin# cr$&t%"&

!ane sugar Kuart

Ot. r n%tur%" !%t ri%"&

Silk 0ood

LE1E&AT"&S'
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An electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy/

%E4S'
A light#emitting diode 0%E41 is a semiconductor light source. %E4s are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting.

$"&5AT6"1 "$ E%E!T&6! E!"$%""&'

The nightbuilding is fitted with a bouncing floor upon springs and a series of power generating blocks. The blocks are made up of crystals7pie oelectric material8 produce small electrical current when s.uashed, by a process known as pie oelectricity. As the ecors move up and down due to the mechanical stress the blocks are s.uee ed current is fed into near by batteries. The batteries are constantly recharged by the movement of the floor, and used to power the parts of the building. And the floor is made by# The pie oelectric material other electrical storage devices is sandwiched between soft flexible covers it is covered with vibrating plate and later with hard cover. Thus the sustainable eco floor is formed. The floor provides uni.ue visual experience on 2 r$ energy level from loading and average to the maximum level of the evening' =ultimate high=M All visuals are a continuous real#time interaction between the people on the floor, allowing every individual=s actions to contribute to the collective experience. The Sustainable Eco $loor consists of separate tiles of +/ cm x +/ cm each. A mechanical system =clicks= the tiles together, which makes it possible to set up the eco floor in every desirable si e.
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The floor can be set up at almost any location. The only limitation for outside use is that the eco floor needs to be covered by a tent. The different colours of the %E4 lights makes the generated energy levels visible on the Eco $loor.

Energy Meter

The Energy 5eter encourages the eco to attain the maximum possible energy level. This means that ecos are constantly reminded of the relationship between their movement and the result of their actions and that this is the sustainable experience. S4! offers two kinds of 5eters' the =Tower= model shows the amount of energy in percentages 7:/-, /,-, F/- and 2,,-8 and controls the colours of the eco floor. The =%E4 Battery= model shows the precise amount of 0atts generated. The background of the screen shows the S4! movie of the eco floor and can be completely customi ed to meet the client=s brand re.uirements.

>rocess N 4evelopment
The eco floor is a fusion of electronics, embedded software and smart durable materials. Every tile makes a vertical movement of up to 2 cm when ec on. These movements are transformed by an advanced electric motor into electric power. Every person is able to

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produce :#:, 0att, depending on the people weight and activity on the eco floor. The generated energy is then used to power the interactive elements of the floor or can be used to power other systems. The technology of the eco floor is continuously being developed. The technology of the floor can also be used for other applications such as gyms, railway stations and airports. 4esigning sustainability to engage with the masses' 6nteractive landscape architects Studio &oosegaarde have developed an ingenious form of architecture designed to engage the wider public with the concept of sustainability. The Sustainable Eco floor, developed for clients Sustainable Eco Building 7S4!8, harnesses the power of dancing using mechanisms and embedded technologies to generate electricity. By using interactive technologies Studio &oosegaarde say their design Ocreates a sensual and interactive environment in which people are engaged with this Sustainable experience.P 5odules of +/ x +/ cm were made using sustainable materials to collect the energy through electronics. S4!*s ambition is to reduce energy consumption by <,- and water consumption and waste production by /,-. The eco floor facilitates this ambition at the new Building 0att in &otterdam. The concept could be continued throughout circuit to power lights or 4Q decks around the world. But for now the .uirky design previewed at the opening of Building 0att on the (th September where it will remain in place.

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The other way of generating electricity is also mentioned here when people press down on the spring#loaded floor, it dips about : cm and activates a flywheel, which starts to capture the kinetic energy of their bumping and grinding and convert it to electricity, similar to the electro#mechanical process of a hand crank or bicycle#back %E4 light. 6n fact, an early version of the floor used the stored to power bright %E4s under tiles of the glass surface 7at least 22 watts each8 and let testers see sustainability in action. But the ultimate goal is to lose that gimmick and feed the main power grid of a building, says 5ichel Smit, general director of the Sustainable Eco Building pro)ect. The building has four sections' a main hall with capacity for 2,/,,, a basement for <,,, two rooftops with chill#out space for smoking 7banned this summer in @olland8, and the %ulu !afR with :, covers at street level and an all#day menu. The venue is designed to reduce energy consumption by <,-, and water consumption and waste production by /,- compared with a typical eco venue. Lreen initiatives include a rainwater#flush system for toilets, renewable energy sources and %E4 lighting, and a ero#waste bar serving organic drinks in recycled plastic cups. The key feature is the basement=s energy#generating eco floor, whereby the movement of the people are converted into electricity by an electro#magnetic generator under the floor.

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Stephen has come up with Eco#Energy $looring System pads which can illuminate %E4 lights by )ust walking or applying pressure on them. Eco#Energy $looring System is made up of pie oelectric blocks. The pie oelectric technology is used in the system for converting power and storage of 4! electricity. 0hen one walks on these pads the pressure is applied and pie oelectric blocks s.uee es and generates power. The power that is generated by such mechanism is stored on a paper battery system. The batteries are fre.uently recharged by the movement of people on such pads and the energy is used to illuminate %E4 lights that could be used in signage or displaying public or commercial information. The Eco#Energy $looring System can be used in many places. 6t finds its use in the common areas or pathways in building, theaters, shopping malls and many other areas where there is heavy movement of people. There are + layers in Eco#Energy $looring System. $irst layer is upper housing which is water resistant and has an ultra#sonic welding. The ultra#sonic welding ensures that the moisture does not enter the lower levels. Below the upper housing is the "%E4 board. "%E4 board supports %E4s that provide visual information. >rogrammed with letters and patterns and other stuffs, the "%E4 board is illuminated by the power below. 1ext layer is sponge material which could be silicone rubber. This layer provides cushioning and is used for distribution of force and pressure. Below this layer is the pie oelectric board that contains crystals boards to generate energy. 1ext is the >!B board. Then comes the >aper battery that stores the energy and the last layer is %ower housing that touches the ground. 3ohei @ayami u has a bold vision for the future' a city that is in itself an electric power station. A place where all roads, bridges and sidewalks generate electricity from the vibrations produced by the cars and people that move over them. @e is starting small by transforming one s.uare meter into an electricity generator. But he has chosen the locaton wisely. @e has placed four sheets in the pavement in one of the world*s busiest pedestrian areas J the Shibuya train station crossing, where everyday ?,,,,,, people pass by.
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The system is based on the technology @ayami u developed at 3eio Bniversity*s Lraduate School of 5edia and Lovernance, and makes use of Opie oelectricityP, a property certain materials have to generate an electric current when they are s.uee ed or pressed. The Shibuya location was chosen to make sure a high number of people would walk over the installation, thus generating a good amount of power. @ayami u says that during the entire :, day period of the installation, they will generate enough electricity to power 2,(:: televisions for one hour 7which is the same as one television for 2,(:: hours if you could store the electricity somehow8. But it also has the purpose of reminding us in a positive and playful way of the pressing need we have to find new and cleaner sources of energy. @ayami u thinks that similar systems could be installed on a wide range of scales, from small systems embedded on mobile phones, to huge systems installed on highways that would harness the electricity generated by the movement of cars and big trucks.

The Qapanese have developed technology which converts vibrations from footsteps into electricity, in the form of tiles to replace standard flooring. 6f high traffic areas, such as train stations, are e.uipped with these tiles, then it is possible to freely harness the daily foot traffic of commuters everyday. Several sample installations have already been done, starting with Tokyo Station, one of the
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world*s busiest train stations. Electrical output is still low, with one person generating around ,.2 watt per step. That would re.uire +,, people to step on the tiles to power a 2,, watt light bulb for one minute. Efficiency is increasing though, and it is now generates 2, times the amount of electricity the technology did in :,,+.

A sample installation powered by people walking through train gates in Tokyo Station

A4DA1TALES'
The environmental benefits are obvious.
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6t is easily transported and setup. 6t can be used in museums, company halls, public space,railway stations. Airports.

The collection of energy through electronics it reduces the consumption of water and waste production by /,-.By this we can reduce the effect of global warming.

The generated energy can be used to power the interactive elements of the floor or can be used to power other systems.

6n addition to saving electricity costs and reducing the need for the burning of fossil fuels, once the technology matures, is economical and is deployed on a large#scale, then the city may be capable of contributing back to the power grid.

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6f deployed on roads and highways, the possible electricity generating potential is limitless.

46SA4DA1TALES'
The floor can be setup almost any location the only limitation for outside use is that the floor needs to be covered by a tent.

+33"ic%tion&:
The 4igital Energy 5eter is a software that shows the instantaneous power 7watt8 and the total power produced 7)oules or watt x seconds8. These information are preferably to be shown on a large screen in high resolution. THE ENERGY TOWER A :,/ meter high %E4 battery working in the same way the Energy Tower does, but with more visual impact. The battery can be used to create a climax in a large dancing crowd or to attract visitors to a booth or location where the floor is installed.

T. P.oto +33"ic%tion

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he >hoto Application is a perfect example for a combination of sustainability and interaction . "nce the Energy Tower 7or Battery8 reached the 2,,-, a camera which is installed on top of the Tower takes a photo of the dancing crowd. This picture is shown on the 4igital Energy 5eter, and can be printed on the spot or used afterwards online 7social media8. The application can also be used in combination with a R d Button integrated in the 4Q booth, which will be hit by the 4Q when the maximum is reached.

G%!in# S tu3&

$urthermore we can also provide S4$ in a gaming set up' creating a competition with the floor in combination with the applications mentioned above. $or example the Energy Battle, where the total electricity generated for different groups at the same time is measured and shown on a screen, or where instructions are given and the participants have to step on a certain colour of modules as fast as possible. 6n this scenario, the feedback from the Energy 5eter is made understandable by linking the information to daily life examples like' # OThe energy you generated is enough to power your microwave and heat up your dinnerP # O!ongratulationsM Iou )ust powered this light bulb for :/ secondsMP # O6n the last < minutes you burnt the e.uivalent of 2S2,th Big 5ac in calories.P

E4t rn%" S$&t !&

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The floor can trigger or power external systems, such as music, video screens, charging mobile phones and charging a !hristmas tree.

CONCLUSION

Electric eco floor is eco friendly to nature, as it does no pollute it. As this technology can be used on the roads in future to generate the electricity re.uired for lighting up the street lights, traffic signals as they us enormous amount of the costly current generated by means of water, coal which causes pollution to avoid his we have to go for eco floor. As the electricity is available in short so, we need to conserve electricity by avoiding use up of vital natural resources that are in short supply.

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REFERENCES
1. 9The @apless Tale of Leoffrey 4ummer9 , 7n.d.8, 7@T5%8, Electronic Product News, accessed ; Quly :,,;. 2. Leorge &ostky, 7n. d.8, 95icromodules' the ultimate package9, 7@T5%8, EE Times, accessed ; Quly :,,;. <. 3urt %ehovec=s patent on the isolation p#n )unction' B.S. >atent <,,:?,<++ granted on 2, April 2?+:, filed :: April 2?/?. &obert 1oyce credits %ehovec in his article J 95icroelectronics9, Scientific American, September 2?FF, Dolume :<, 1umber <, pp. +<J?. 4. :,,;. 5. ::2 6. 7. 9Texas 6nstruments J 2?+2 $irst 6!#based computer9. Ti.com. &etrieved :,2:#,;#2<. 1obel 0eb AB, 72, "ctober :,,,8,7The No"el Pri#e in Physics $%%%, &etrieved :? 5ay :,,; ;. 95ilestones'$irst Semiconductor 6ntegrated !ircuit 76!8, 2?/;9. !EEE &lo"al 'istory Network. 6EEE. &etrieved < August :,22. ?. 10. 22. www.google.co.in www.ecoecofloor.com www.sustainableecofloor.com 0inston, Brian. Media technology and society a history from the telegraph to the !nternet, 72??;8, &outeledge, %ondon, 6SB1 ,#(2/#2(:<,#C 6SB1 ?F;#,#(2/#2(:<,#(, p. The Chip that Jack Built, 7c. :,,;8, 7@T5%8, Texas 6nstruments, &etrieved :? 5ay

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