PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND MEASUREMENTS

Objective
To obtain derived quantity from base quantities To ensure consistency, sensitivity and accuracy of instruments

Inference
1. Base quantities are the quantities that cannot be defined in terms of other quantities. 2. Derived quantities are physical quantities derived from the base quantities through multiplication, division or both. 3. Density of substance, = mass = m Volume v 4. Relative density,

Hypothesis
1. Measuring physical quantity precisely. 2. Differentiate between base and derived quantities.

Apparatus /Material
Wooden block, vernier calliper, beam balance, glass rod, ruler, metal block, measuring cylinder

Experiment 1a

Apparatus 1. Metal block 2. Vernier calliper 3. Beam balance/ Electronic balance Procedure 1. Measure the dimension of the wooden block by using vernier calliper. 2. Weigh the mass of the Metal block by using Beam balance / Electronic Balance. 3. Record all the data in the TABLE 1.0 Result

Dimension Height, h Width, w Length, l Mass, m Volume, V Density, Relative Density, r cm cm cm g cm3 g cm3

Reading m m m kg m3 kg m3

Experiment 1b

Apparatus 1. Metal rod 2. Micrometer screw gauge / vernier calliper 3. Beam balance / electronic balance 4. Ruler Procedures 1. Measure the dimension of the glass by using Micrometer Screw Gauge or Vernier Calliper 2. Record all the data in TABLE 2.0. Result

Dimension Diameter, D Length, l Mass, m Volume, V Density, Relative Density, r

Reading cm cm g cm3 g cm3 m m m m3 kg m3

Experiment 1c
Apparatus 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Metal block Micrometer screw gauge / vernier calliper Beam balance / electronic balance Measuring cylinder Scissor String

Procedures 1. Measure the dimension of the metal by using micrometer screw gauge or vernier callipe. 2. Record all the data in TABLE 3.0

Result
Reading Dimension Trial 1 Diameter, D/ width, w Length, l Mass, m Experiment Volume, Vexp Theory volume, Vtheory - using formula Experiment density,
exp

Average Trial 2

Theory density,
theory

% error for density Relative density, r

Questions
State the precautionary steps to avoid errors in the experiment . Repeated reading are taken and the average value is calculated Avoid parallax error Avoid zero error Use instruments which is not defective

Conclusions
The derived quantities can be calculated or expressed in terms of base quantities Exercising greater care and effort when taking readings

Experiment 1a

Experiment 1b

Experiment 1c