Significance of objective of impression taking in complete denture An impression is made for the purpose of achieving the properties and

characteristics in the denture to be fabricated. 1.To take the primary impression in order to obtain the widest possible denture bearing area In complete denture construction, denture base should be covered as wide as possible for denture retension and stability. Retension increases with the increase in size of denture bearing area. Maxillary denture bearing area usually around 24 sqcm always has greater retension than mandibular denture bearing area , 14sqcm in average. The formula ,P= F/A shows the more the bearing area,the forces are equally distribute on the underlying tissues and the less stress on the alveolar ridge. It will also cover the greatest area of the bone and giving optimum support. 2.to obtain the full functional depth of the sulci by functional trimming by functional exercise. Impression periphery must always trimmed functionally so that the border tissue will neither press upon it and move the denture nor depart from it, break the peripheral seal during function. That objective can get with the functional exercises. During these movements records the floor of mouth,sulci, fornis vestibule and frenums in their functional position. So the denture base cannot easily be displaced from the underlying tissue , retentive and stability. 3.To obtain the anatomical landmarks in an edentulous jaw It is very important to record the limiting, relief and covered areas thoroughly notice on the working cast. Limiting structures are labial frenum,buccal frenum,labial vestibule,buccal vestibule,hamular notch,posterior palatal seal. To allow free movements of the frenum and to advoid trauma from denture. Supporting structures are stress bearing areas, hardpalate , posterolateral slopes of alveolar ridges , Rugae which prevent forward movement of denture and Maxillary tuberosities the buccal flanges opposite to them afford best for the denture support, retension and stability. Fovea platinae providing posterior palatal seal. Necessary landmarks in the mandible External oblique ridges to be covered. Mylohyoid ridges - to be covered. Internal oblique ridge??? Extension to vestibular reflection - to be complete. Lingual, labial, and buccal fraena - to be recorded. VIP) 1Retromolar pads - to be covered. , give retension and determine the level of occlusal plane,seal, widest possible denture bearing area, and pound triangle ???? 2Buccal shelf areaprimary stess bearing area , provide support 3;lingual pouch_ dt ure retension and stability Mental foramen- relieved to advoid numbess Extension into the post-mylohyoid fossa to be complete. There should be no wrinkles on the impression surface. 4.To obtain the good peripheral seal As the retension of denture is largely depend on the adequacy of the contact with the soft tissue and the periphery to obtain the good peripheral seal.Good peripheral seal obtain by terminating the periphery in the sulci,edges must be placed over very compressiable tissues. Retension by the posterior palatal seal achieve by placing the edges at junction of hard and soft palate but not so far back on movable tissue providing adequate seal without causing ulceration. 6.to instruct the individual tray for secondary impression The preliminary cast will be used only for the diagnosis purpose and mainly for the construction of individual tray. Th e tray should locate the border of TRP(tissue reflecting point).Proper tray for individual patient is

important to get the excellent impression. Significance of objective of Secondary impression taking in complete denture 1. To obtain an impression from which a retentive denture base can be constructed. denture base must be extended until its~ lies on displaceable tissue where a seal can be developed to achieve a seal but not so much that they tend to displace the denture injury. Extension to provide retention ensures the maximum coverage of the jaw ** to obtain the functional periphery as the functional height of the sulci is important to advoid the traumatic extension(overextension) and to advoid dislordgement when underextended. Elastic distension which is harmony during functioning with denture increases the peripheral seal and improves appearance 2.Processing a good interfacial Adhelsive and cohellsive forces are cooperated between the denture base , saliva and oral mucosa obtaining the denture retension and stability.The important fact is that the cast from impression must be surface detail of the patient mucosa.Upon maintaining the salivary meniscus , retension can be restored. 3.To obtain the good peripheral seal seal As the retension of denture is largely depend on the adequacy of the contact with the soft tissue and the periphery to obtain the good peripheral seal.Good peripheral seal obtain by terminating the periphery in the sulci,edges must be placed over very compressiable tissues. Retension by the posterior palatal seal achieve by placing the edges at junction of hard and soft palate but not so far back on movable tissue providing adequate seal without causing ulceration.

Pounds Triangle The triangle that extends from the mesial contact point of the canine to the buccal and lingual aspects of the retromolar pad can be used as a guide for the positioning of mandibular artificial posterios teeth. The lingual surfaces of the teeth should always be within this griangle close to the lingual line. The posterior tooth positioning is determined by a triangle which has become known as Pounds triangle. The occlusal scheme refered to as lingualized occlusion, an arrangement of the posterior teeth in which the maxillary palatal cusps function in the buccolingual centers of the mandibular posterior teeth. The occlusion is balanced to enchance masticatory efficiency and denture stability. Ref: Textbook of Prosthodontics By Nallaswamy

IMPRESSION A negative likeness or copy in reverse of the surface of an object . (or) An impression can also be defined as an imprint of the teeth and adjacent structures for use in dentistry. PRELIMINARY IMPRESSION A preliminary impression is an impression made for the purpose of diagnosis or for the construction of a tray. FINAL IMPRESSION: A final impression is an impression for making the master cast.

Lower denture anatomical landmarks:

1. Mylohyoid line 2. Premylohyoid fossa 3. Sublingual gland 4. Lingual frenum 5. Retromylohyoid fossa 6. Retromolar pad 7. Masseter groove 8. External oblique line 9. Buccal shelf 10. Buccal frenum 11. Mentalis muscle 12. Labial frenum

Uppder denture anatomical landmarks:

1. Incisive papilla 2. Labial frenum 3. Buccal frenum 4. Palatal torus 5. Maxillary tuberosity 6. Anterior vibrating line 7. Posterior vibrating line 8. Fovea palatine 9. Hamular notch 10. Pterygomandibular raphe

Ref:nagao

a. Adhesion and cohesion Adhesion is the force of attraction existing between the atoms of dissimilar bodies in the close contact. It acts more powerfully at right angles to the surface and is directly propotional to the area of surfaces in contact. The cohesion is the force of attraction existing between similar bodies in close contact. For example: the adhesion of denture and oral mucosa with salivary miniscus. The force acts from one surface of the saliva to denture and from the one surface to the oral mucosa. Within the film of water, the force of cohesion bonds the atoms together. They are the strongest when the salivary meniscus is thin and the surface are smooth. Therefore, a very dry mouoth patient or V-shaped palatal vault do not favour this force.

Fig: showing Adhesion forces

Fig: showing Cohesion forces Ref:fenn

Retromolar Pad
The tissue (usually pear-shaped), located at the distal termination of the mandibular residual ridge. Histologically, the anterior portion of the pad consists of loose connective tissue and the

posterior half consists of mucosa glands. This area is known as the pear-shaped area, due to residual scar formation from the retromolar pad and third molar extraction site. The posterior portin is movable. The posterior half only refers as the term retromolar pad but it is difficult to make distinction between the two retions.

The the time of impression, the margin should extend to conver 2/3 of the retromolar pads distal end. Next in order to cofirm the movement of the retromolar pad, give tension to the pterygomandibular raphe by asking the patient to open/close their mouth. The final posterior extension is determined in this way. Ref: http://www.artistic-dental.com/PUBLIC-DentalGlossary.html
Ref:nagao

Postdam The Ah-Line can be visible when the patient says Ah, also known as Ah-line or vibrating-line which runs across the soft palate from one hamular notch to the other. Adjacent to the midline, closely in front of the Ah-Line, on each side, is a small pit, the palatine fovea, which is also known as fovea palatinae. They are always in the soft palate, and therefore are very useful guides for locating the posterior border of the denture. For the posterior border of the upper denture, there is no formation of the fornix or sulcus to provide the peripheral sea. To effect the seal, the border must be bedded into resilient tissue in the soft palate. This posterior palatal seal is popularly known as the post-dam. To be effective, the post-dam must lie anterior to the Ah-line just posterior to the hard palate. If it extends beyond the Ah-line, the seal will be broken each time the soft palate rises during function. If it is placed too far forward on the hard palate, the seal will not be effective because the mucosa is not sufficiently compressible. Since the fovea palatinae are situated posterior to hard palate, but anterior to the Ah-line, it would be the most practical to draw the post-dam immediately in front the foveae. Ref:Anatomy and physiology in relation to complete denture construction

Hamular Notch It is the bony area located between the maxillary tuberosity and the tip hamulus of the pterygoid plate. It can be located by the intraorally with a T-shaped burnisher. Place the burnisher on the ridge and feel along distally and at the distal end of the ridge there is a depression. It is hamular notch.

Ref:nagao

Palatine fovea The small depression located bilaterally along the palate median line is called the palatine fovea. This is the opening of the mucous glands, and because of its location near the vibrating line, it is a useful landmark for determining the distal end of the denture. Ref:nagao