THE THU ONG

(THE PASSIVE VOICE)

* The chu ong (active voice) la cach at cau ma chu t ong vai tro chu ong.
- Mr. Brown wrote the report yesterday.
- He has already finished his homework.
* The thu ong (passive voice) la cach at cau ma chu t ong vai tro b ong.
- That house was built 100 years ago.
- Those windows are painted blue.
Passive sentence :
S + be + past participle
1/ Hay quan sat v du sau :
* Active : Tom broke the chair yesterday.
S
V
O
* Passive : The chair was broken by Tom yesterday.
S
be + P.P
by
doer
2/ Ghi nh: Cach oi mot cau t active sang passive :
* Lay tuc t (O) trong cau chu ong xuong lam chu t (S) trong cau thu ong.
* Nhan xet xem ong t chia trong cau chu ong th nao, ta chia TO BE th o roi viet ong
t chnh dang qua kh phan t (p.p).
* Lay chu t (S) trong cau chu ong xuong lam doer trong cau thu ong, nh viet BY ngay ang
trc.
* Trang t gi nguyen khong oi va thng at cuoi cau (neu la trang t ch thi gian).
3/ Mot vai v du khac :
+ (a) simple present : [Subject+ am / is / are + P.P ]
- Mr.Green teaches history. History is taught by Mr.Green.
+ (b) present perfect : [ S + has / have + been + p.p ]
- He has just done his homework.
His homework has just been done by him.
+ (c) present continuous : [ S + am / is / are / + being + p.p]
- She is cleaning the windows. The windows are being cleaned by her.
+ (d) simple past : [ S + was / were + p.p]
- The boss sacked ten workers. Ten workers were sacked by the boss.
+ (e) past perfect : [ S + had been + p.p]
- Mary had written the letter. The letter had been written by Mary.
+ (f) Past continuous : [ S + was / were + being + p.p]
- The police were questioning Tom. Tom was being questioned by the police.
+ (g) simple future: [ S + will / shall + be + p.p]
- John will deliver the letter. The letter will be delivered by John.
+ (h) Modal verbs : [ S + must / can / may + be + p.p]
- He must do it right now. It must be done by him right now.
+ (i) special structures : [ S + is / are going to + be + p.p]
- The engineers are going to build the bridge. The bridge is going to be built by the engineers.
( con ap dung vi cac cau truc khac nh : have to, had to, used to, ought to )
+ (j) 2 objects :
- They gave me a present yesterday. I was given a present yesterday(by them).
A present was given to me yesterday(by them).
(Neu sau BY la them / people / someone / somebodyta co the bo i)
+ (k) perception verb with bare infinitive : [ S + be p.p + to inf ]
- I never hear him shout at his children. He is never heard to shout at his children.
+ (l) perception verb with present partciple : [ S + be p.p + V-ing ]
- I saw the boy coming into the room. The boy was seen coming into the room.
+ (m) With make : [ S + be made + to inf ]
- They made me do it. I was made to do it.
+ (n) With let : [ S + be let + bare inf ]
- They let him do it. He was let do it.
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+ (o) With begin or start: [ S + begin / start + to be + p.p ]

- They began to build the house in 1980. The house began to be built in 1980.
+ (p) With say, report, rumour:
- People say that prevention is better than cure. It is said that prevention is better than cure.
Prevention is said to be better than cure. (cach oi nay c ap dung cho cac ong t
nh: SAY, REPORT, THINK, BELIEVE, RUMOUR)
+ (q) cau menh lenh : [ Let + O + be p.p ]
- Open the door, please. Let the door be opened, please.
B NG CA TM NG T C BIT.
Cc ng t : suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist(on), recommend.
Cng thc:
S + suggest/ recommend/ order/ require... + that + clause.
( trong clause = S + Vinf + O)
>> B ng:
It + was/ will be/ has been/ is... + V3/ed (of 8 verb) + that + st + be + V3/ed.
( trong "be" l khng i v ng t trong clause cu ch ng dng Vinf)
EX: He suggested that she buy a new car.
>> It was suggessted that a new car be bought.
X/ B NG CA CU TRC CH NG GI " IT".
Cng thc:
It + be + adj + for sb + to do st.
>>B ng:
It + be + adj + for st + to be done.
EX: It is difficult for me to finish this test in one hour
>> It is difficult for this problem to be finished this test in one hour.

Mt s Trng hp c bit khc:

a. Mt s ng t c bit: remember; want; try; like, hate ...
V d:
I remember them taking me to the zoo. (active)
I remember being taken to the zoo.(passive)
V d:
She wants her sister to take some photogtaphs.(actiove)
She wants some photographs to be taken by her sister. (passive)
V d:
She likes her boyfriend telling the truth. (actiove)
She likes being told the truth. (passive)
Mt s Trng hp c bit nguyn mu c TO: Suppose; see; make;
V d:
You are supposed to learn English now. (passive)
= It is your duty to learn English now. (active)
= You should learn English now. (active)
V d:
His father makes him learn hard. (active)
He is made to learn hard. (passive)

Exercises 10 (Passive and Relative Pronoun)

EXERCISE I : Supply the correct tense and voice.
1/ Everyone (shock) ___________by the news yesterday.
2/ Almost everyone (enjoy)___________ the lecture last night.
3/ English (speak) _________ all over the world.
4/ A terrible accident (happen) _________ right here at 6 oclock last night.
5/ Mr. Smith (teach) _________ at this university since 1985.
6/ Not much (say) _________ about the matter since last week.
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7/ He (borrow) _________ the money from her two weeks ago.

8/ A new textbook (publish) _________ by that company next year.
9/ Everything (go) ________ well so far. There (be) _________ no trouble yet.
10/ Who the book (write) _________ by ?
11/ Think carefully. Im sure you (remember) _________ his name.
12/ The report (examine) _________ now.
EXERCISE II : Turn into the passive voice.
1/ He is running his own restaurant.____________________________________________________________
2/ The secretary opens the mails every morning.__________________________________________________
3/ The teacher doesnt allow me to take the seat by the window.______________________________________
4/ Toms absence worried his mother.___________________________________________________________
5/ They are building a new school in this town.____________________________________________________
6/ You should finish the report right now._______________________________________________________
7/ We shall discuss the matter in the afternoon.___________________________________________________
8/ The workers are going to pull down that old building.____________________________________________
9/ He has to pay the bills before the fifth of the month.______________________________________________
10/ No one has opened that box for the past hundred years.___________________________________________
11/ The boy screamed while the dentist was pulling out one of his teeth.
- ______________________________________________________
12/ The enemy used to attack the bay._____________________________________________________________
13/ The fire has destroyed many houses.__________________________________________________________
14/ The children are carrying the chairs into the house.______________________________________________
15/ They awarded him the Nobel Prize for medicine in 1946.__________________________________________
16/ We saw him leave the office at 6 oclock this morning.___________________________________________
17/ No one told me the truth.
18/ You ought to water these plants once a week.____________________________________________________
19/ People saw her driving a car near the bridge.____________________________________________________
20/ They said that he was the richest man in the town.________________________________________________
21/ Scientists began to carry out researches on AIDS in 1981._________________________________________
22/ The boy knew that they were praising him._____________________________________________________
23/ Everybody believed that he had died of lung cancer._____________________________________________
24/ They hadnt built the bridge when we first came here._____________________________________________
25/ I can assure you that I will arrange everything in time.___________________________________________
26/ People dont learn a foreign language in a short time.____________________________________________
27/ Henry wrote that book years ago ____________________________________________________________
28/ I wasnt introduced to any of the guests._______________________________________________________
29/ You should place matches out of reach of children.______________________________________________
30/ Scientists started discovering the universe thousands of years ago.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
31/ Nothing can be gained without effort.__________________________________________________________
32/ The robbers forced the bank manager to hand over the money.______________________________________
33/The teacher gave each of us two exercise books. _________________________________________________
34/ Someone will tell him that news. _____________________________________________________________
35/ They had sent enough money to these poor boys. ________________________________________________

13/ They let us go.

- ______________________________________________________
14/ The police stopped Tom on the highway and made him show his I.D card.
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- ______________________________________________________
15/ Write your address on the back of the cheque.
- ______________________________________________________
16/ Where did your child find the keys ?
- ______________________________________________________
17/ Some people think he is a dangerous criminal.
- ______________________________________________________
18/ They will have to sign these documents.
- ______________________________________________________
- ______________________________________________________
- ______________________________________________________
8/ Are you going to post this letter ?____________________________________________________________
17/ My parents didnt let me go to school this morning because I was ill.
______________________________________________________________________________________
EXERCISE V : More exercises on Passive voice.
1. Yes - No questions :
a. Do they teach English here ?
- ___________________________________________________
b. Will you invite her to your wedding party ?
- ___________________________________________________
c. Did the teacher give some exercises ?
- ___________________________________________________
d. Is she going to write poem ?
- ___________________________________________________
e. Have they changed the window of the laboratory ?
- ___________________________________________________
f. Is she making big cakes for the party ?
- ___________________________________________________
g. Has Tom finished the work ?
- ___________________________________________________
h. Are the police making inquires about the thief.
- ___________________________________________________
i. Must we finish the test before ten ?
- ___________________________________________________
j. Will buses bring the children home ?
- ___________________________________________________
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2. Wh - questions :
a. Why didnt they help him ?
- ___________________________________________________
b. How many games has the team played ?
- ___________________________________________________
c. Where do people speak English ?
- ___________________________________________________
d. Who are they keeping in the kitchen ?
- ___________________________________________________
e. How can they open this safe ?
- ___________________________________________________
f. What books are people reading this year ?
- ___________________________________________________
g. How did the police find the lost man ?
- ___________________________________________________
h. Who looked after the children for you ?
- ___________________________________________________
i. How long have they waited for the doctor ?
- ___________________________________________________
j. What time can the boys hand in their papers ?
- ___________________________________________________
2/ Did anyone ask any questions about me ?____________________________________________
5/ What sort of research are they doing in the laborotary ?_______________________________________
7/ People say that inflation is getting out of control.____________________________________________
8/ Well have finished all the work by the weekend.__________________________________________
9/ I heard her singing very beautifully._____________________________________________________
3. Sentences with two Objects :
- ___________________________________________________
- ___________________________________________________
- ___________________________________________________
d. They have given the women in most countries in the world the right to vote.
- ___________________________________________________
e. They paid me a lot of money to do the job.
- ___________________________________________________
4. Sentences with verb of reporting :
a. People believe that 13 is an unlucky number.
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- ___________________________________________________
b. They rumoured that man was still living.
- ___________________________________________________
c. They declared that she won the competition.
- ___________________________________________________
d. They know that English is an international language.
- ___________________________________________________
e. People think that Jack Londons life and writings represent the American love of adventure.
- ___________________________________________________
f. They say that John is the brightest student in class.
- ___________________________________________________
g. They reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.
- ___________________________________________________
h. They think that he has died a natural death.
- ___________________________________________________
i. They reported that the troops were coming.
- ___________________________________________________
j. People believed that the earth stood still.
- ___________________________________________________
5. Sentences with verbs Continue and Begin :
a. Well continue to use this computer.
- ___________________________________________________
b. They began to plant rubber trees in big plantations.
- ___________________________________________________
c. People can continue to enjoy natural resources.
- ___________________________________________________
d. People will continue to drink Coca - Cola in the 21st century.
- ___________________________________________________
e. American people begin to love football.
- ___________________________________________________
6. Sentences with Phrasal verbs :
a. They gave up the research after three hours.
- ___________________________________________________
b. Someone should look into the matter.
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- ___________________________________________________
c. Dont speak until someone speaks to you.
- ___________________________________________________
d. A neighbour is looking after the children.
- ___________________________________________________
e. Your story brings back pleasant memories.
- ___________________________________________________
7. Sentences with verbs of Perception :
a. I have heard her sing this song several times.
- ___________________________________________________
b. People saw him steal your car.
- ___________________________________________________
c. The teacher is watching them work.
- ___________________________________________________
d. He wont let you do that silly thing again.
- ___________________________________________________
e. People dont make the children work hard.
- ___________________________________________________
f. They made him work all day.
- ___________________________________________________
g. The detective saw the woman putting the jewelry in her bag.
- ___________________________________________________
h. The terrorists made the hostages lie down.
- ___________________________________________________
i. Police advise drivers to use an alternative route.
- ___________________________________________________
j. She helps me to do all these difficult exercises.
- ___________________________________________________
8. Sentences of order :
a. Open your book.
- ___________________________________________________
b. Take off your hat.
- ___________________________________________________
c. Dont do that silly thing again.
- ___________________________________________________
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d. Lets tell them about it.

- ___________________________________________________
e. Dont let the other see you.
- ___________________________________________________
9. Sentences with Advise, Beg, Order, Urge, Agree, Decide,... :
a. She advised me to sell that house.
- ___________________________________________________
b. They begged us to help them.
- ___________________________________________________
c. He orders us to clean the floor.
- ___________________________________________________
d. He recommends me to do the job.
- ___________________________________________________
e. She urges him to visit her parents as soon as possible.
- ___________________________________________________
10. Some special sentences :
a. It is dangerous for us to take the short cut.
- ___________________________________________________
b. You need to have your hair cut.
- ___________________________________________________
c. Smoke filled the room.
- ___________________________________________________
d. You must see it to believe it.
- ___________________________________________________
e. He wants someone to take some photographs.
- ___________________________________________________
f. He likes people to call him Sir.
- ___________________________________________________
g. Its your duty to do this work.
- ___________________________________________________
h. We enjoy writing letters.
- ___________________________________________________
i. Nobody has slept in this room for long time.
- ___________________________________________________
j. You ordered me about and I was tired of it.
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- ___________________________________________________

EXERCISE III : Change to the active voice.

1/ Progress in science is being made day after day._________________________________
2/ The palace was designed by a French architect._________________________________
3/ The road in front of my house has been paved.__________________________________
4/ You can see that the dishes havent been washed._________________________________
5/ Our salaries will not be increased this year._____________________________________
6/ Wasnt that theatre built two years ago ?_____________________________________
7/ The problem may be discussed again.__________________________________________
8/ My brother has been offered a well-paid job._____________________________________
9/ It is reported that the war started again in South America.____________________________
10/ I was told that I was going to be appointed manager of this company.__________________