Operator Manual Series GEM OEM Industrial Lasers GEM

Operators Manual
GEM Series OEM/Industrial Lasers

GEM-100 Air Cooled
1280 Blue Hills Avenue
Bloomfield, Connecticut 06002-1301
Telephone: (800) 367-7890
GEM-100 Air Cooled Laser Operators Manual
ii
This document is copyrighted with all rights reserved. Under the copyright
laws, this document may not be copied in whole or in part or reproduced in
any other media without the express written permission of Coherent, Inc.
Permitted copies must carry the same proprietary and copyright notices as
were affixed to the original. This exception does not allow copies to be
made for others, whether or not sold, but all the material purchased may
be sold, given or loaned to another person. Under the law, copying
includes translation into another language.
Coherent, Coherent/DEOS, the Coherent Logo, GEM-25, GEM-30,
GEM-50, GEM-60, GEM-100, GEM-200PC, GEM-Q400. GEM-Q3000,
and PC-1 Controller are registered trademarks of Coherent, Inc.
DOWFROST, DOWTHERM, and DOWCAL are registered trademarks of
The Dow Chemical Company. UCARTHERM is a registered trademark of
Union Carbide Corporation. Pipe Saver is a registered trademark of
Virginia KMP Corp. Teflon is a registered trademark of E. I. du Pont de
Nemours and Company.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the data given in this document
is accurate. The information, figures, tables, specifications and schematics
contained herein are subject to change without notice. Coherent makes no
warranty or representation, either expressed or implied with respect to this
document. In no event will Coherent be liable for any direct, indirect,
special, incidental or consequential damages resulting from any defects in
its documentation.
Technical Support
In the US:
Should you experience any difficulties with your laser or need any
technical information, please visit our web site www.coherentinc.com.
Additional support can be obtained by contacting our Technical Support
Hotline at 800-367-7890 or E-mail (clg.tech.services@coherentinc.com).
Telephone coverage is available Monday through Friday (except U.S.
holidays). If you call outside our office hours, your call will be taken by our
answering system and will be returned when the office reopens.
If there are technical difficulties with your laser that cannot be resolved by
support mechanisms outlined above, please E-mail or telephone Coherent
Technical Support with a description of the problem and the corrective
steps attempted. When communicating with our Technical Support Group,
through the web or telephone, the model and Laser Head serial number of
your laser system will be required by the Support Engineer responding to
your request.
Outside the US:
If you are located outside the US visit our web site for technical assistance
or contact, by phone, our local Service Representative. Representative
phone numbers and addresses can be found on the Coherent web site,
www.coherentinc.com.
Coherent provides telephone and web technical assistance as a service to
its customers and assumes no liability thereby for any injury or damage
that may occur contemporaneous with such services. These support
services do not affect, under any circumstances, the terms of any warranty
agreement between Coherent and the buyer. Operation of any Coherent
laser with any of its interlocks defeated is always at the operator's own risk.
Table of Contents
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface ........................................................................................................................... vii
U.S. Export Control Laws Compliance ......................................................................... vii
Notice Concerning Regulatory Status of GEM Series Lasers ....................................... vii
Notice Concerning Warranty......................................................................................... vii
Symbols Used in This Manual...................................................................................... viii
Section One: Description and Specifications........................................... 1-1
Introduction................................................................................................................... 1-1
Purpose of This Manual ................................................................................................ 1-1
Variations in Hardware Configuration ......................................................................... 1-2
RF Cable Lengths ................................................................................................ 1-2
Specifications and Input Requirements ........................................................................ 1-2
Hardware Overview...................................................................................................... 1-3
DC Input Power ................................................................................................... 1-3
Cooling Requirements .................................................................................................. 1-3
Comparison of Air-Cooling and Liquid-Cooling (Reference) ............................ 1-3
Laser Head .................................................................................................................... 1-4
RF Power Supply.......................................................................................................... 1-4
Compatibility and Interchangeability .................................................................. 1-5
Section Two: Laser Safety .................................................................................. 2-1
Optical Safety ............................................................................................................... 2-1
Electrical Safety............................................................................................................ 2-3
Laser Head ........................................................................................................... 2-3
Laser Safety Requirements ........................................................................................... 2-3
Safety Interlocks .................................................................................................. 2-4
Radiated Emission Compliance .................................................................................... 2-4
Interference Potential of the System.................................................................... 2-4
Compliance to Standards Relevant to CE Mark ........................................................... 2-4
Location of Safety Labels ............................................................................................. 2-5
Certifications of Compliance ........................................................................................ 2-8
Section Three: Utility Requirements and SystemInstallation..... 3-1
Unpacking and Inspection ............................................................................................ 3-1
Verifying Delivery............................................................................................... 3-1
Checking Delivered Items ................................................................................... 3-1
Safety Issues in Laser Installation ................................................................................ 3-2
Mechanical Mounting................................................................................................... 3-2
Mounting Considerations for Laser Heads .......................................................... 3-5
Mounting Considerations for the RF Power Supply............................................ 3-5
Ambient Air Cleanliness...................................................................................... 3-5
Air Cooling ................................................................................................................... 3-5
Air Flow............................................................................................................... 3-6
iv
Signal Interface .................................................................................................... 3-6
Over Temperature Interlock Switch .................................................................... 3-6
DC Power Relay .................................................................................................. 3-6
Electrical Power Connection ........................................................................................ 3-7
DC Power Supply Requirements ......................................................................... 3-8
Control Signal Connection............................................................................................ 3-8
RF Power Supply Connection....................................................................................... 3-8
Coaxial Cable....................................................................................................... 3-8
Cable Connections and Torque............................................................................ 3-9
Section Four: Laser Operation........................................................................ 4-1
Signal Interface Connectors.......................................................................................... 4-1
Operating Modes........................................................................................................... 4-1
Typical Waveform............................................................................................... 4-1
CW Mode............................................................................................................. 4-1
Gated CW Mode .................................................................................................. 4-3
Variable Output Power Capability; Pulsewidth Variation................................... 4-3
Optical Pulse Shape .................................................................................... 4-3
Complex Modulation Waveforms ....................................................................... 4-4
Varying the Pulsewidth............................................................................... 4-4
Protection from Unacceptable Inputs ......................................................... 4-4
Turning On the Laser .................................................................................................... 4-4
Electronic Control......................................................................................................... 4-5
Electronic Signals Required to Turn On the Laser .............................................. 4-5
Modulation Select ....................................................................................... 4-5
Start-up Sequence ....................................................................................... 4-5
Response Times of Laser to Modulation, and Power Supply Enable.................. 4-6
Signals Used for Fault Detection......................................................................... 4-6
VSWR Faults During Initial Turn-on .................................................................. 4-7
Section Five: Maintenance and Troubleshooting................................. 5-1
Maintenance.................................................................................................................. 5-1
Cleanliness of Output Optical Element ............................................................... 5-1
Troubleshooting............................................................................................................ 5-1
Connectors and Cables......................................................................................... 5-1
DC Power and Voltage ........................................................................................ 5-2
Control Inputs ...................................................................................................... 5-2
VSWR Fault Indicator ......................................................................................... 5-2
Over Temperature Shutdown............................................................................... 5-2
CW Mode............................................................................................................. 5-2
Visualizing........................................................................................................... 5-3
Voltages ............................................................................................................... 5-3
Output Beam........................................................................................................ 5-3
Parts List ........................................................................................................................ A-1
Table of Contents
v
Warranty.........................................................................................................................B-1
GEM Series Laser Warranty.........................................................................................B-1
Conditions of Warranty ................................................................................................B-1
Responsibilities of the Buyer ........................................................................................B-1
Limitations of Warranty................................................................................................B-2
Glossary ............................................................................................................... Glossary-1
Packing Procedure....................................................................................................C-1
For Liquid Cooled Lasers/ RF Power Supplies ............................................................C-1
For All Laser Heads......................................................................................................C-1
For All RF Power Supplies...........................................................................................C-2
Shipping Instructions ....................................................................................................C-2
RMA Form Instructions................................................................................................C-2
Index ........................................................................................................................... Index-1
vi
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
1-1 GEM-100 Air Cooled Laser System.......................................................................... 1-1
1-2 GEM-100 Air Cooled Laser Head............................................................................. 1-4
1-3 D-1000 Air Cooled RF Power Supply....................................................................... 1-5
2-1 Location of Safety Labels .......................................................................................... 2-5
2-2 Declaration of Conformity......................................................................................... 2-8
3-1 GEM-100 Air Cooled Laser Head Dimensions......................................................... 3-3
3-2 D-1000 W Air Cooled RF Power Supply Dimensions .............................................. 3-4
3-3 Electrical Connections to D-1000 RF Power Supply ................................................ 3-7
4-1 RF Input Waveform and Laser Output Waveform.................................................... 4-3
4-2 Fault Detection Circuit............................................................................................... 4-6
5-1 GEM-100 Voltage Chart............................................................................................ 5-4
LIST OF TABLES
1-1 Specifications and Input Requirements for GEM-100 Lasers ................................... 1-6
4-1 Signal Interface Description and Connector Pinout .................................................. 4-2
A-1 GEM-100 (100 Watts) Laser System - Typical Configurations ............................... A-1
A-2 GEM-100 (100 Watts) Laser Component Part Numbers.......................................... A-1
Preface
vii
Preface
This is the Operators Manual for the GEM-100 Air Cooled
OEM/Industrial carbon dioxide (CO
2
) lasers manufactured by
Coherent/DEOS. These lasers are OEM systems, they are
designed as components which are to be inserted by the original
equipment manufacturer (OEM) prior to delivery to the end user. It
is strongly recommended that the user read Section Two, Laser
Safety, before operating the laser.
Caution use of controls or adjustments or performance of
procedures other than those specified in this manual may result
in hazardous radiation exposure.
U.S. Export
Control Laws
Compliance
It is the policy of Coherent/DEOS to comply strictly with the U.S.
export control laws.
Export and re-export of lasers manufactured by Coherent/DEOS are
subject to the U.S. Export Administration Regulations administered
by the Department of Commerce, Bureau of Export Administration.
The applicable restrictions vary depending on the specific product
involved, intended application, and the product destination. In some
cases, an individual validated export license is required from the
U.S. Department of Commerce prior to resale or re-export of certain
products. If you are uncertain about the obligations imposed by U.S.
law, obtain clarification from Coherent/DEOS.
Notice
Concerning
Regulatory
Status of GEM
Series Lasers
This laser component does not include all safety features that are
required by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA),
Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) in laser
systems sold to end users. It is sold solely to qualified manufacturers
who in their end product, supply interlocks, indicators, and other
required safety features, in full compliance with 21 CFR 1040,
Subchapter J and/or other applicable national and local regulations.
Notice
Concerning
Warranty
Operation or handling of this laser component, inconsistent with this
manual, may void the warranty.
viii
Symbols Used in
This Manual
This symbol is intended to alert the operator to the presence of
dangerous voltages associated with the laser that may be of suffi-
cient magnitude to constitute a risk of electric shock.
This symbol is intended to alert the operator to the presence of
important operating and maintenance instructions.
This symbol is intended to alert the operator to the danger of
exposure to hazardous visible and invisible laser radiation.
Description and Specifications
1 - 1
SECTION ONE: DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFICATIONS
Introduction
In this section, specifications and characteristics of the GEM-100
laser will be discussed. Characteristics to be discussed include
mechanical, thermal, electrical, and optical interfaces; and environ-
mental requirements and limitations.
The GEM-100 laser is a sealed-off, RF excited CO
2
laser capable of
CW or modulated operation. From the laser safety point of view, this
laser is considered a component and must be integrated into a system
by a qualified original equipment manufacturer (OEM) prior to
delivery to the end user. See Section Two for a complete discussion
of laser safety issues.
Purpose of
This Manual
This manual is designed to assist the original equipment manufac-
turer during the integration or the GEM-100 OEM laser. It contains
information on the performance and operation of the laser as well as
installation and control methods.
Figure 1-1. GEM-100 Air Cooled Laser System
1 - 2
Variations in
Hardware
Configuration
For each GEM-100 laser there are a number of variations in the
configuration of hardware delivered to customers. These variations
are due to the following factors:
Customers can also select among several options in the length
of the RF power cable which connects the RF power supply to
the laser head. These optional extender cables, if selected by
the customer, are added to the short RF cable which comes
with every GEM-100.
Do not operate any GEM-100 laser head with any RF power
supply other than the Coherent/DEOS Model D-1000 RF
power supply. Any operation of an GEM-100 laser head with an
RF power supply other than the Model D-1000 will void the
Coherent/DEOS warranty. Do not under any circumstances
modify the RF cable.
RF Cable Lengths
There are several options regarding the length of the cable which
connects the RF power supply to the laser head. The RF cable
options are described in the section entitled RF Power Supply
Connection. For part numbers please check the section titled Parts
List in this manual.
Specifications
and Input
Requirements
Figure 1-1 provides specifications, and requirements for power
inputs, for the Model GEM-100 laser.
Figure 1-1 illustrates the baseline configurations (i.e., without any
optional hardware additions or deletions) of the GEM-100 laser.
Each laser system consists of a laser head assembly, a radio
frequency (RF) power supply, and a coaxial cable for connecting the
RF power supply to the laser head. The RF power supply converts
48-50 VDC, 50 A power to radio frequency power. Connection of
the customer-supplied DC power supply to the Coherent/DEOS
supplied Model D-1000 RF power supply is through a barrier strip
with screw terminals on the RF power supply. The barrier strip
includes terminals for connection of wires for remote voltage
sensing. Such sensing is recommended to better control the voltage
at the input to the RF power supply.
1 - 3
Hardware
Overview
The GEM-100 laser is a waveguide carbon dioxide (CO
2
) laser. RF
electric fields provided by the RF power supply are delivered to the
laser head through the special connecting coaxial cable. The RF
electrical field excites the CO
2
gas mixture. The standard configura-
tion of this laser operates at a wavelength near 10.6 m in the
infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
DC Input Power
DC input power is provided by the user through customer-supplied
bus wiring, which goes to the RF power supply. The RF power
supply converts this DC electrical power into RF power which is
used to excite the gas in the laser head.
Cooling
Requirements
Total heat dissipation for the laser head and RF power supply is
specified in Table 1-1. The laser head typically dissipates 1200 W
from its base surface while the RF power supply typically dissipates
800 W, for a total typical heat dissipation of 2000 W (maximum
total heat dissipation is 2400 W). The GEM-100 must be provided
adequate cooling to keep the laser operating temperature within
acceptable limits. The cooling method that is used must not induce
stresses that will result in misalignment of the laser resonator. The
heat sinks which are included in the air cooled GEM-100 are
designed so that the assembled structure remains free of excessive
stress. Installation requirements related to cooling of the air-cooling
version of the GEM-100 laser are discussed in detail in Section
Three in the subsection entitled Air Cooling.
Comparison of
Air-Cooling and
Liquid-Cooling
(Reference)
Air cooling has some distinct advantages relative to liquid cooling.
It is low in cost, low in complexity, and has low service requirements.
The air-cooling option is easier to install. Liquid-cooling, on the
other hand, can yield the most compact arrangement and is gener-
ally more suitable for applications in which the ambient air temper-
ature exceeds 40C and/or the ambient air is heavily laden with
particulates. One should also consider if condensable vapors are
present and take suitable measures to purge sensitive areas such as
optical surfaces with a suitable gas. It is generally easier to make a
hermetically sealed system using a liquid-cooling approach rather
than an air-cooling one. Applications which require the highest
process stability will also yield better results if the temperature is
controlled with a liquid based cooling system.
1 - 4
To avoid damage to the laser head and the RF power supply,
never operate the laser without adequate air cooling.
Laser Head
The laser head takes RF input power and converts some of it to laser
radiation. The rest of the RF input power is exhausted as waste heat.
For the GEM-100 air cooled laser, the waste heat is exhausted into
the ambient air. The laser head consists of the folded optical
waveguide resonator, the all-metal gas envelope structure, the RF
matching network, and a type-N RF power connector. Infrared laser
radiation is emitted from the optical aperture. Pictures and dimen-
sions drawings for the GEM-100 air cooled laser is shown in
Figure 1-2 and Figure 3-1.
RF Power Supply
The Model D-1000 RF power supply converts DC input power to RF
energy which is sent through the RF cable to the laser head. Heat
from the RF power supply is exhausted into the surrounding air. A
male 15-pin D type connector built into the RF power supply, is used
to control the laser system. All the user interfaces (DC power and
signal interface) are on one panel of the RF power supply.
Figure 1-2. GEM-100 Air Cooled Laser Head
1 - 5
The GEM-100 laser head requires approximately 1000 W of CW RF
input power in CW Mode. A picture of the 1000 W RF power supply
(D-1000) for the GEM-100 air cooled laser is shown in Figure 1-3.
The corresponding dimensions is shown in Figure 3-2.
Compatibility and
Interchangeability
Any two GEM-100 laser heads can be interchanged (except as noted
in the section entitled Mounting Considerations for Laser Heads).
Similarly, any two GEM-100 RF power supplies can be inter-
changed.
To avoid possible damage to the laser head and the RF power
supply, use only the Model D-1000 RF power supply with the
GEM-100 laser head.
Figure 1-3. D-1000 Air Cooled RF Power Supply
1 - 6
Table 1-1. Specifications and Input Requirements for GEM-100 Lasers
CHARACTERISTIC SPECIFIED VALUE COMMENTS
Wavelength 10.6 m Lines near 10P20 line of
12
C
16
O
2
1
CW Output Power 100 W De-rate power by 1% per C for laser head
temperatures above 25C.
Power Stability < 5%
Mode >98% TEM
00
Beam Size 3.8 0.4 mm At 1/e
2
diameter at exit aperture
Beam Divergence <5 mrad At 1/e
2
diameter in the far field
1
Beam Quality M
2
<1.3
Polarization >100 to 1 fixed linear
1
Modulation TTL up to 25 kHz
Weight of Laser Head 26 lbs (11.8 kg) Nominal values
Weight of Power Supply 18 lbs (8.2 kg) Nominal values
Input voltage 48-50 VDC Remote sensing at power input terminals
on RF power supply recommended.
Input DC current 49 A
Ambient Air Temperature 15C to 40C
Altitude <6,500 ft. (2,000 m)
Humidity Non-condensing
1 Those characteristics are guaranteed; all other stated characteristics are typical.
Specifications are subject to change without notice.
Laser Safety
2 - 1
SECTION TWO: LASER SAFETY
Optical Safety
The GEM-100 laser has undergone extensive testing to ensure that,
with proper usage, it is a safe and reliable device.
Laser light, because of its special properties, poses safety hazards
not associated with light from other sources. The safe use of lasers
requires that all laser users and everyone near a laser be aware of the
dangers involved in laser operation.
Direct eye contact with the output beam from the laser will cause
serious damage and may cause blindness.
All personnel in the same room as the laser or anyone who may be
exposed to the laser beam should be informed that a laser is in oper-
ation. All personnel must wear laser safety glasses which protect
against the wavelengths in use.
Note: There is no visible indication at the GEM-100 laser head
that it is operating.
Exercise caution to protect against specular reflections since
reflections at the GEM-100 laser wavelength are invisible.
Eye safety is a great concern when using a high-power laser such as
the GEM-100 laser. There are often many secondary beams present
at various angles near the laser. These beams are specular reflections
of the main beam from polished surfaces. While weaker than the
main beam, such beams may still be sufficiently intense to cause eye
damage.
Laser beams are also powerful enough to burn skin, clothing or
paint. They can ignite volatile substances such as alcohol, gasoline,
ether, and other solvents and can damage the light-sensitive
elements in video cameras, photomultipliers, and photodiodes.
2 - 2
Coherent provides the following recommendations to promote the
safe use of the GEM-100 laser. Operators are advised to adhere to
these recommendations and employ sound laser safety practices at
all times.
Use protective eyewear when operating the laser and guard
against inadvertent exposure to skin or clothing. Select
eyewear which is suitable for use with the wavelengths and
radiation intensity that the laser emits. Refer to the Guide for
Selection of Laser Eye Protection, Laser Institute of America
(5
th
Edition), 2000.
Do not remove the protective covering over the beam path.
During normal operation, internal reflections are confined
within the laser head and pose no safety hazard.
Never look directly into the laser output port when the power
is on.
Set up the laser and all optical components used with the laser
away from eye level. Provide enclosures for the laser beam.
Use the laser in a room with access controlled by door inter-
locks. Post warning signs. When operating the laser, limit
access to the area to individuals who are trained in laser safety.
Avoid operating the laser in a darkened environment.
Do not use the laser in the presence of flammables, explosives,
or volatile solvents such as alcohol, gasoline, or ether.
For additional information on laser safety, refer to the following
publications:
American National Standard for the Safe Use of Lasers,
Z136.1-2000, American National Standards Institute, 2000.
Performance Standard for Laser Products. FDA., (FR-40)
(148): 32252-32265. Department of Health, Education and
Human Service Bureau of Radiological Health, July 31, 1974.
Laser Safety Guide, Laser Institute of America. (10
th
Edition).
Orlando, FL 2000.
Guide for Selection of Laser Eye Protection, Laser Institute of
America (5
th
Edition), 2000.
D. Sliney and M. Wolbarsht. Safety with Lasers and Other
Optical Sources,. Plenum Publishing Company, New York,
N.Y., 1980.
Laser Safety
2 - 3
Many of these documents on Laser Safety are available through
Laser Institute of America, 13501 Ingenuity Drive, Suite 128,
Orlando, CA 32826. Phone 800-345-2737 and on their web site
www.laserinstitute.org. Regulatory information if available at their
CDRH web site www.fda.gov/cdrh.
Electrical Safety
The GEM-100 RF power supply requires only 48 VDC to 50 VDC
input voltage. These voltages can be lethal. Every portion of the
electrical system should be treated as if it is at a dangerous voltage
level.
Laser Head
High voltages are present in the laser head when the power is on.
There are no serviceable parts or optics within the laser head. Do not
remove any covers or make any adjustments to any screw.
Laser Safety
Requirements
This laser does not conform to the United States or Foreign Govern-
ment requirements for laser safety. In the United States, it is the
responsibility of the buyer that the product sold to the end user
complies with all laser safety requirements prior to resell. These
laser safety requirements are contained in 21 CFR, Sub Chapter J
and are administered by the Center for Devices and Radiological
Health.
The text of this federal law is available from the U.S. Government
Printing Office Bookstore located in most major cities in the U.S. as
well as Washington, D.C. A report detailing how the laser product
complies with the Federal law is required before the product is
shipped. The form of this report is covered in a pamphlet entitled:
Guide for Preparing Product Reports for Lasers and Products
Containing Lasers, Sept. 1995:
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Public Health Service
Food and Drug Administration
Center for Devices and Radiological Health
Division of Small Manufactures Assistance
Rockville, Md 20857
Voice phone: 1-800-638-2041
Web site: http://www.fda.gov/cdrh
For jurisdictions outside of the United States, it is the responsibility
of the buyer of this laser device to ensure that it meets the local laser
safety requirements.
2 - 4
Safety Interlocks
The RF power supply and laser head covers are not interlocked.
These covers should never be removed. There are no user service-
able components inside.
Use of controls or adjustments, or performance of procedures
other than those specified herein, may result in hazardous radi-
ation exposure.
Radiated
Emission
Compliance
The GEM-100 laser has been tested and verified that it is in compli-
ance with the radiated emission limits of FCC rules contained in 47
CFR Part 18 Subpart C for industrial, scientific, and medical equip-
ment.
The following information to the user is provided in compliance
with United States Government requirements contained in 47 CFR
18.213.
Interference
Potential of
the System
In our testing in a variety of laboratory and industrial settings, we
have not found any significant electrical interference that can be
traced to the GEM-100 laser. The GEM-100 laser is excited by an
RF power supply operating at 100 MHz. The RF power is modulated
at the same pulse width and pulse period selected in operating the
laser. If the GEM-100 laser is determined to be the source of inter-
ference with other equipment, use shielded cables, including control
cables, to the unit experiencing the interference problem. The shield
should be grounded.
Compliance
to Standards
Relevant to
CE Mark
The GEM-100 laser units are components and thus the system inte-
grator is responsible for meeting the applicable standards for CE
mark. As part of the testing program, the GEM-100 laser with the
optional DC power supply has been shown to be compliant with the
relevant requirements of the electromagnetic compatibility direc-
tive. The tests shows compliance with radiated emissions and
conducted line emissions (EN 55011 (1991) Class A, Group 2), elec-
trostatic discharge (EN 61000-4-2 (1995) Level 3 air, Level 2
contact), radiated immunity (EN 61000-4-3 (1997) Level 3/ENV
50204 (1995)/ ENV 50140 (1993), Level 3, Criteria A), electrical
fast transients (EN 61000-4-4 (1995) Level 3), and conducted RF
immunity (EN 61000-4-6 (1996)/ENV 50141 (1993) Level 3).
Laser Safety
2 - 5
Compliance to the applicable standards for a particular laser system
incorporating the GEM-100 laser unit must be demonstrated by the
manufacturer. By testing the GEM-100 laser system, it is shown that
this step is possible. The primary issue for the system integrator is to
show compliance with specific covers, routing of the electrical
cables, laser safety standards, as well as other applicable standards.
Location of
Safety Labels
Refer to Figure 2-1 for a description and location of all required
safety labels. These include warning labels indicating removable or
displaceable protective housings, apertures through which laser
radiation is emitted and labels of certification and identification
[CFR 1040.10(g), CFR 1040.2, and CFR 1010.3/EN60825-1,
Clause 5].
Figure 2-1. Location of Safety Labels (Sheet 1 of 3)
2
4
3 5 6
2 - 6
1. IDENTIFICATION LABEL
2. DANGER OF LASER RADIATION LABEL
7
Laser Safety
2 - 7
3. AVOID EXPOSURE TO INVISIBLE RADIATION FROM APERTURE LABEL
4. APERTURE LABEL
5. ALERT TO INVISIBLE LASER RADIATION LABEL
6. CE COMPLIANCE LABEL
7. ELECTRICAL WARNING SYMBOL LABEL
2 - 8
Certifications of
Compliance
The following pages contain certifications of compliance of
GEM-100 lasers and associated documentation with various regula-
tions and standards.
Figure 2-2. Declaration of Conformity
Utility Requirements and System Installation
3 - 1
SECTION THREE: UTILITY REQUIREMENTS AND
SYSTEM INSTALLATION
This section covers unpacking and installation of your GEM-100
laser. Detailed operating instructions are given in Section Four:
Laser Operation.
Unpacking and
Inspection
Before unpacking the laser components, inspect the shipping carton
for evidence of rough handling, and note any damage. If damage to
the shipping carton is evident, request the carriers agent be present
when the unit is unpacked. Inform the shipping carrier and
Coherent/DEOS of any evidence of damage in shipment. The
Buyer and its shipping carrier is responsible for any damage which
occurs during shipment.
Verifying Delivery
The shipping container contains the following:
Laser head;
RF power supply;
RF cable;
Final Test Sheet;
a copy of this Operating Manual.
If any of these items are missing, report this to Coherent/DEOS
immediately.
Checking
Delivered Items
Verify each of the following:
The delivered laser head model is that same as the one ordered.
The delivered RF power supply is compatible with the deliv-
ered laser head, i.e., the laser head is a Model GEM-100 and
the power supply is a Model D-1000.
Verify that the received RF cable is the one that was ordered.
If there is any discrepancy noted, contact Coherent/DEOS imme-
diately.
3 - 2
We recommend that you save the shipping box and packing mate-
rials, since these will be useful should you need to ship the laser back
to Coherent/DEOS.
Safety Issues
in Laser
Installation
Installation of the GEM-100 laser must be such as to comply with all
applicable electrical safety and laser safety laws and regulations.
Review Section Two on Laser Safety for important information
relating to safety.
The negative (return) side of the DC input connection to the
GEM-100 RF power supply is connected internally to the chassis.
The user must assure that the system into which the GEM-100 is
built protects against the possibility that the GEM-100 laser head or
RF power supply chassis could be at a hazardous voltage and that
personnel could be exposed to these voltages.
To avoid potentially fatal electrical shock hazards from electrical
equipment, be sure to follow all applicable electrical codes such as
(in the U.S.) the National Electrical Code.
Be sure the laser is properly secured to avoid the possibility of the
laser moving unexpectedly during operation, thus creating a
hazardous condition. The location of the output beam of the
GEM-100 laser head is shown in Table 3-1. The laser output is
emitted from the aperture shown in the referenced figures and prop-
agates within a full cone angle up to 5. Be sure that the acceptance
angle of the system aperture intercepts all of the output of the laser.
It is also extremely important to understand the direction, diver-
gence, and magnitude of all reflections that will occur from optical
surfaces. Infrared (IR) beams such as those from GEM-100 lasers
can also be located with commercially available IR screens such as
those produced by Macken Instruments, Inc. [tel. (707) 566-2110].
Coherent/DEOS recommends that all beam propagation paths be
enclosed and that personnel operating the laser be qualified optical
technicians who are familiar with this type of hardware.
Mechanical
Mounting
The dimensions for the GEM-100 laser head is shown in Figure 3-1.
The dimensions for the D-1000 RF power supply is shown in
Figure 3-2. Mechanical mounting of the GEM-100 laser head must
be such that the laser head is not distorted or stressed in any way, or
optical alignment and power stability could be adversely affected.
3 - 3
Dimensions are in inches [mm]
Figure 3-1. GEM-100 Air Cooled Laser Head Dimensions
3 - 4
Dimensions are in inches [mm]
Figure 3-2. D-1000 W Air Cooled RF Power Supply Dimensions
3 - 5
Mounting
Considerations
for Laser Heads
Certain aspects of specific customer applications may preclude
absolute interchangeability of laser heads. For example, for certain
applications, the sensitivity of the application to optical beam
pointing errors may require optical realignment after the laser head
is replaced in the customers integrated system. Depending on the
method of mounting and the sensitivity of the integrated customer
system to beam pointing errors, even removing a laser head from the
customers system, then replacing the same laser head back into the
customers system may require optical realignment. Consult
Coherent/DEOS if there is any question about such interchange-
ability issues.
Coherent/DEOS recommends use of the optional brackets (part
number #1400-12-0009 set of 4) that are designed for safe mounting
of the laser without inducing any stress onto the laser. In any case
take care not to induce stress onto the laser head as optical mis-align-
ment can occur which would require the laser to be returned to
Coherent/DEOS for service.
Mounting
Considerations
for the RF
Power Supply
The main considerations in the mounting of the RF power supply are
that it be near enough to the laser head that the available RF cable,
including strain relief, spans the required distance.
Ambient Air
Cleanliness
GEM-100 laser heads are designed for use in a dust free or nearly
dust free environment. They should be installed in a protective
housing which prevents dust or debris from contaminating the
optical output window. Do not turn on the laser if there is water, dust,
or dirt on the output element, damage to the coating on this optical
element may occur. To prevent such optical damage never allow the
output window to become contaminated.
The Coherent/DEOS warranty covers defects in material and
workmanship relating to the output optical element, but this
warranty does not cover damage to the external output optical
surface which is the result of contamination of the surface, or abra-
sion of the surface.
Air Cooling
The GEM-100 air cooled laser incorporates heat sinks, cooled by
forced air (blown by fans), which are included. The six fans (three
on the laser head and three on the RF power supply) draw 3 A of
current when supplied with the required 48 VDC electrical power.
Running the fans at higher voltages will reduce the operating life and
3 - 6
is strongly discouraged. It is important to provide the correct voltage
polarity to the fans in order for the airflow direction and volume to
be sufficient to adequately cool the laser and RF power supply.
Air Flow
For the GEM series of air cooled lasers, it is critical to have open air
flow for both the laser head and the RF power supply. Therefore, we
require that there is clear access to free air within 100 mm of the
cooling fans and fins for both the laser head and RF power supply.
Signal Interface
It is also possible to use the signal interface in the laser interlock
system to shut off the laser when the fans fail to operate. With this
approach, the laser is commanded through the signal interface to
shut down if the airflow interlock system detects excessive heat. It
is recommended that both Modulation and Power Supply Enable be
commanded to the off state when the airflow interlock system
detects an over temperature fault. These signals are listed in
Table 4-1 and further discussed in subsections of Section Four:
Laser Operation.
Over Temperature
Interlock Switch
To prevent operating the laser accidentally without enough airflow,
it is recommended that the OEM install a DC interlock so that the
laser assembly does not operate, unless the air temperature standards
have been met (Refer to Table 1-1). As a backup to such an inter-
lock, the RF power supply incorporates a thermal shutdown feature,
as discussed in Laser Operation. Therefore, the RF power supply is
protected even if the flow of air is interrupted, but no such backup
protection is provided for the laser head.
DC Power Relay
The recommended DC power relay used to cut off DC power to the
laser in the event of cooling system failure can also be used as part
of the laser safety interlock system. Similarly, if the signal interface
is used to shut down the laser when there is a cooling system fault,
it may be desirable to use the signal interface to shut down the laser
in the event that there is a breach of a safety interlock. The design of
the interlock controls must be in compliance with applicable safety
standards, including those described in the section entitled Laser
Safety.
3 - 7
Electrical Power
Connection
The GEM-100 laser requires 48 to 50 VDC input DC power. This
power is carried from the power source to the RF power supply
through the terminal block on the Model D-1000 RF power supply.
The maximum current required is 49 A.
The negative (return) side of the DC input connection to the
GEM-100 RF power supply is connected internally to the chassis.
The user must assure that the system into which the GEM-100 is
built protects against the possibility that the GEM-100 laser head or
RF power supply chassis could be at a hazardous voltage and that
personnel could be exposed to these voltages.
Figure 3-3. Electrical Connections to D-1000 RF Power Supply
3 - 8
To avoid potentially fatal electrical shock hazards from elec-
trical equipment, be sure to follow all applicable electrical codes
such as (in the U.S.) the National Electrical Code.
It is strongly recommended that the user review the precautions
described in Section Two: Laser Safety regarding electrical safety
before using the GEM-100 laser. It is the users responsibility to
provide circuit breakers and/or fusing of the AC power source, in
accordance with all applicable laws and regulations.
DC Power Supply
Requirements
The following are the requirements for the customer supplied DC
power supplies.
Regulation: <+/- 2%
Regulation Sensing: Remote at load
Ripple and Noise: <1% p-p (20MHz BW limit)
Overload and Short Circuit Protect Automatic Recovery
Control Signal
Connection
Electrical control of the GEM-100 laser is through the 15-pin D-type
connector built into the RF power supply, as shown in Figure 3-3.
The signals carried on each of the pins are indicated in Table 4-1.
Details of controlling the laser through the signal interface are
discussed in Section Four: Laser Operation.
RF Power Supply
Connection
The connector attached to the RF power supply which carries the
control signals should be securely attached using the attachment
points provided on the RF power supply.
Coaxial Cable
A special coaxial cable is used to connect the RF power supply to the
laser head. It is critical that only a qualified cable with suitable char-
acteristics be used to connect the RF power supply to the laser head.
The length, impedance, and power handling capability of the RF
cable are critical to the proper functioning of the GEM-100 laser
system.
3 - 9
To avoid possible damage to the RF power supply, always use the
correct coaxial cable to connect the RF power supply to the laser
head, and make sure the cable connections are tight at both
ends.
Any GEM-100 laser can be used with any of the Coherent/DEOS
supplied coaxial cables listed in the parts list. Never use any other
cable to connect the RF power supply to the laser head, except those
listed in the parts list. Unless the customer otherwise specifies, each
GEM-100 laser is delivered with the shortest cable among those
listed in the parts list. That cable, P/N 1101-10-0025-01, has a
nominal length of 7.7 ft. (2.3 m). The RF cables are marked with the
part numbers shown in the table.
It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the RF cable is
mechanically secured so that mechanical forces due to flexing of
the cable do not occur at the connectors.
Cable
Connections
and Torque
Avoid overstressing the RF cable. The RF cable should not be used
to support other cables, water lines, or other conduits or ducts. The
RF cable should be supported at least once in every meter of length.
A separate steel cable can be used to provide intermediate support
points. Use cushioned supports to avoid crushing the RF cable.
Avoid bundling the RF cable with other cables. The heat dissipated
by the operating RF cable will damage other cables bundled to it.
Keep the inner bend radius greater than 2 inches (5 cm).
If both the laser head and RF power supply will be in a non-moving,
non-vibrating environment, tightening the RF connectors by hand
should be sufficient. However, if the laser head or the RF power
supply will be used in a dynamic or vibrating environment, the
connectors should be tightened with a torque wrench to
(23 3) in-lbs. [(2.6 0.3) N-m], and retightened at least once per
month.
3 - 10
Laser Operation
4 - 1
SECTION FOUR: LASER OPERATION
Signal Interface
Connectors
For all GEM-100 lasers, the signal interface between the GEM-100
laser and the customers equipment is through a 15-pin D-type male
connector which is built into the RF power supply. The pin assign-
ments for the interface are indicated in Table 4-1. The signal inter-
face and its use are discussed in detail in this section.
To avoid damage to the RF power supply, make sure your elec-
tronic controller is compatible with the interface described in
Table 4-1.
As noted in the Laser Safety section of this manual, the signal inter-
face is designed to provide a high degree of reliability in the control
of laser output. The Laser Safety section should be reviewed for
guidance on any use of the signal interface in safety interlock
subsystems, or in any other subsystem which affects personnel
safety.
Operating
Modes
All GEM-100 lasers can be operated in CW Mode or Gated CW
Mode. Each mode is described in the following sections, details of
how to operate the laser in each mode is also discussed.
It will be assumed in the discussion below that the laser has been
initially started so the laser is now ready for operation.
Typical Waveform
Figure 4-1 illustrates a typical periodic pulsed laser waveform. The
RF input to the laser will generally follow the Modulation signal
(Table 4-1). The laser output will generally follow the RF input, but
will be distorted. The pulse repetition frequency PRF = 1/T, where T
is the period of the waveform. The duty cycle DC = ( /T)x100
where is the pulsewidth.
CW Mode
To command any GEM-100 laser to operate in CW Mode, Modula-
tion must be set continuously to Logic Level 1 (high).
4 - 2
Table 4-1. Signal Interface Description and Connector Pinout
PIN NO. FUNCTION DESCRIPTION
1 RS-423 MODULATION
Input signal (unbalanced)
The RS-423 specification requires a driver capable of delivering a
signal between 4 V and 6 V into a test load of 450 .
2(+)
and
3()
MODULATION
Differential input signal
(RS-422)
The RS-422 balanced specification requires a driver that is capable of
developing a differential signal between 2 V and 10 V into a load of
100 .
4 ANALOG FORWARD
Voltage output signal
Analog representation of the RF power supplys forward RF output
voltage. 0 V to 5 V, 5 V = full scale. Signal will drive 10 k load. A
voltage level lower than 2.5 V indicates a bad RF power supply. See
representative signal curves for the particular GEM-100 RF power
supply.
5 ANALOG REFLECTED
Analog representation of the RF power supplys reflected RF output
voltage. 0 V to 5 V, 5 V = full scale. Signal will drive 10 k load. A
voltage level greater than 1.0 V may indicate either a bad laser head,
a bad RF cable, or both. Call Coherent/ DEOS for advice if this condi-
tion exists.
6 VSWR Fault
Open collector output
Will sink 25 mA of current when an VSWR fault occurs. This indi-
cates an excessive mismatch between the laser head and the RF power
supply.
7 Not currently used.
8 VDC
+15 VDC 0.5 VDC, 0.25 amp max output available from RF power
supply to user equipment.
9 GND
Ground
Customer ground. Return line for all signals. Is also chassis ground.
10 Power Supply Enable
TTL input signal
Enables internal DC power supply. TTL high will enable this pin.
11 MODULATION SELECT
Input signal
Selects between unbalanced TTL modulation or Differential modula-
tion signal. No connection selects unbalanced input (Pins 1 and 9).
Ground this pin to selected balance inputs (Pins 2 and 3).
12 OVER TEMPERATURE
Open collector output
Will sink 25 mA of current when an OVER TEMPERATURE fault
occurs. This indicates that the RF power supply has gone over temper-
ature.
15 OEM is required to ground this pin.
Laser Operation
4 - 3
Gated CW Mode
The GEM-100 laser is capable of producing a wide range of pulse
repetition frequencies (PRFs), pulsewidths, and duty cycles in Gated
CW Mode. Modulation pulsewidths of less than 1 s and/or PRFs
greater than 25 kHz are not advisable. Except for these restrictions
on pulsewidths and PRFs, the RF power supply will support any
duty cycle from zero to 100% in Gated CW Mode.
Variable Output
Power Capability;
Pulsewidth
Variation
All GEM-100 lasers provide the capability to continuously vary the
average laser output power from near zero to at least the CW output
power specified in Table 1-1. The user can implement this capability
by adjusting the pulsewidth of the input command Modulation
Select.
Optical Pulse Shape When the pulsewidth of the input digital signal Modulation is varied,
the pulsewidth of the RF input to the lasers electric discharge is also
varied. Because of the complex dynamics of the electric discharge
and the laser resonator, the optical output from the laser will be a
distorted version of the RF input waveform.
Adjustment of the RF pulsewidth to vary the laser output power is
done in Gated CW Mode. The recommended lower limit on pulse-
width in Gated CW Mode is 1 s.
Figure 4-1. RF Input Waveform and Laser Output Waveform
RF Input
Laser Output
T
t
PRF = 1/ T
Duty Cycle = t / T
= Pulse Period
= pulsewidth
4 - 4
Complex
Modulation
Waveforms
There are a variety of potentially useful Modulation waveforms in
addition to simple periodic waveforms with a single pulse per period
of the waveform.
Varying the
Pulsewidth
For example, some users may desire pulsed output, with fixed pulse-
width but variable pulse energy. It may be possible to approximate
the ideal desired optical output by pulsing the laser at a relatively
high PRF (e.g., 25 kHz), then envelope modulating at a lower PRF
(e.g., 1 kHz). Variation of the pulsewidth of the 25 kHz modulation
would then provide the ability to continuously vary the pulse energy
of the 1 kHz pulses.
Protection from
Unacceptable Inputs
The GEM-100 laser will easily accommodate complex Modulation
waveforms. The RF power supply will protect itself and the laser
head from damage due to inappropriate inputs, even for such
complex input waveforms.
Turning On
the Laser
To turn on an GEM-100 laser and perform an output power check,
do the following:
1. Make sure that the laser output aperture is clear and free of
packing material.
2. Place a laser power meter head in a position to intercept the
output beam, and turn on the power meter.
3. Verify that the laser head and the RF power supply do not have
condensation on their outer surfaces.
4. Verify that all required laser safety interlocks are positioned
for laser operation, if the GEM-100 laser is built into a system
with safety interlocks.
5. Verify that other safety features, such as equipment covers,
shutters, and warning lights are functional and operating prop-
erly.
6. Verify that there is a solid electrical connection between the
negative DC input terminal on the RF power supply and earth
ground, as was discussed in the section titled Grounding.
7. Insure that all safety procedures, such as use of laser safety
goggles, are observed.
8. Turn on AC power to the DC power supply.
9. Turn on DC power to the RF power supply.
Laser Operation
4 - 5
10. Set the user-supplied control equipment to activate the laser in
CW Mode, in accordance with the instructions below.
11. After a few seconds of laser operation, read and verify the
power level. The laser output should meet or exceed the laser
output power specification given in Table 1-1.
12. Set the user-supplied control equipment to deactivate the laser.
13. Turn off DC power.
14. Turn off AC power.
Electronic
Control
Your GEM-100 laser is controlled through the electronic interface
described by Table 4-1. In this section, additional information is
provided about the use of this control interface. This discussion
supplements the discussion in the section entitled Signals Interface
and Operating Modes and its subsections.
Use of the control interface in any strategy for assuring personnel
safety must comply with the design guidelines discussed in the Laser
Safety section of this manual.
Electronic Signals
Required to Turn
On the Laser
The laser can be electronically commanded to turn on at any time
that DC power is applied to the RF power supply and the RF power
supply is properly connected to the laser head. It is recommended
that all the control signals be set to their off condition until DC
power is applied to the RF power supply.
Modulation Select The signal named Modulation Select (Pin 11) should be set to the
desired value by grounding (earthing) the conductor connected to
Pin 11, or leaving it open. As indicated in Table 4-1 if Pin 11 is open,
then Pin 1 (an unbalanced TTL input) will control the RF output and
laser output; if Pin 11 is grounded, then Pins 2 and 3 (an RS-422
differential input) will control the RF output and laser output.
Start-up Sequence Mode Control (Pin 15) must be grounded by the OEM.
The recommended sequence to turn on the laser in CW Mode, after
DC power is applied, is as follows:
Set Power Supply Enable (Pin 10) to TTL high (logic 1). This
enables the RF power supply by enabling DC power to an
internal control board.
Set Modulation to logic 1 (Pin 1, or Pins 2 and 3). This acti-
vates the RF output of the RF power supply.
4 - 6
Response Times
of Laser to
Modulation, and
Power Supply
Enable
The response time of the RF power supply to Power Supply Enable
(Pin 10), and to Modulation (Pin 1, or Pins 2 and 3) are quite
different. The response to Modulation is on a microsecond time
scale, whereas the response to Power Supply Enable is on a time
scale of milliseconds. This difference is not significant if the objec-
tive is to use the power supply only in CW Mode. However, if it is
desired to use the power supply in Gated CW Mode, it is important
to take into account the response time of the power supply to Power
Supply Enable, and to Modulation. In general, it is best to turn the
DC power supply on with Power Supply Enable and leave it on
while modulating Modulation as required.
Signals Used for
Fault Detection
Several of the signals listed in Table 4-1 may, at the customers
option, be used for diagnosing faults in the laser system. The
approach that gives the easiest access to these signals is to provide
indicators [such as light emitting diodes (LEDs)] on the customers
system control console for three of these signals, as follows. One
way to use these uncommitted collector signals is to sink the current
for one LED on the operators control panel with each of the
following three signal leads:
Figure 4-2. Fault Detection Circuit
PIN 12
PIN 6
VSWR
Fault
RF Power
Supply Thermal
Shutdown
+ 5 V
Laser Operation
4 - 7
VSWR Fault Indicator (Pin 6): This signal should be open
unless the RF power supply has detected excessive RF power
reflected from the laser head, indicating a fault in the laser
head. A reasonable fault indication would be to turn on an indi-
cator light labeled VSWR Fault whenever this signal is
active (i.e., available to sink current).
Over-Temperature Shutdown (Pin 12): This signal should be
open unless the RF power supply has shut down due to exces-
sively high temperature. A reasonable fault indication would
be to turn on an indicator light labeled RF Power supply
Thermal Shutdown whenever this signal is active (i.e., avail-
able to sink current).
Two other output signals, named Forward Power Output Indicator
(Pin 4) and Reflected Power Output Indicator (Pin 5) are available
for diagnosing faults in the laser system.
See Section Five: Maintenance and Troubleshooting for guidance on
how to interpret and use indications by the above signals of faults in
the laser.
Do not ignore indications of faults in the laser system, even
though the laser seems to be working normally otherwise.
Continued operation in the presence of a fault may result in
damage to the laser head or the RF power supply.
VSWR Faults During
Initial Turn-on
The electric discharge in the laser head is more difficult to start after
extended non-operational periods. As a result, the laser may not
immediately start when it is first commanded to do so after more
than a few hours of being turned off (not lasing). This may occasion-
ally result is the signal VSWR Fault Indicator becoming active
(high), indicating an VSWR fault (i.e., high standing wave ratio in
the RF power cable due to failure of the electric discharge to light).
Such transient indications of an VSWR fault when the laser is first
turned on each day do not indicate any fault in the RF power supply
or laser head. Therefore, we recommend that the VSWR fault is logi-
cally qualified to be true for a time period of 1.0 seconds after laser
modulation and power supply enable have been active.
If the VSWR Fault Indicator signal indicates VSWR faults for more
than a second or so during the first operation of the laser on any
given day, this may indicate a genuine fault in the laser system. In
this case, the operator should proceed to the section of this manual
entitled Section Five: Maintenance and Troubleshooting.
4 - 8
Maintenance and Troubleshooting
5 - 1
SECTION FIVE: MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING
Maintenance
The GEM-100 laser heads and RF power supplies require no routine
maintenance.
Users should never open the covers on either the laser head or
the RF power supply. Opening these covers presents a safety
hazard, and is not useful since there are no user serviceable
parts inside.
The protective covers of the laser RF power supply and the laser
head should never be removed by the user. There are no user service-
able components inside. Opening the cover exposes the operator to
potentially fatal electric shock hazards.
Cleanliness of
Output Optical
Element
The laser head should never be activated if the output optical
element is contaminated by water, dust, dirt, or any other contami-
nant. Operation of the laser head with any contaminant on the
surface of that optical element may result in damage to the coating.
If any such contamination is present, the laser must be returned to
Coherent/DEOS so the problem can be corrected. The customers
system design should also be reviewed to prevent a recurrence of the
contamination problem.
Troubleshooting
Coherent/DEOS recommends that the following checks be
performed before calling for service.
Connectors
and Cables
Inspect all four RF connectors for evidence of overheating due
to improper installation of the RF cable.
If either of the two RF connectors on the RF cable is burned,
the RF cable (with connectors) must be replaced as a unit.
Verify that the RF cable is installed as described in the section
entitled RF Power Supply Connection.
5 - 2
If the RF connector which is part of the RF power supply, or
the RF connector which is part of the laser head, is discolored
or shows other signs of heat damage, return the RF power
supply or the laser head (as appropriate) to Coherent/DEOS
for replacement of the damaged connector.
DC Power
and Voltage
Verify that DC power is available to the RF power supply.
Verify that the voltage on Pin 8 of the signal interface
connector is (+15 0.5) VDC, as shown in Table 4-1. (The
location of the signal interface connector is shown, for
example, in Figure 3-2.)
If the voltage is not within the specified range, the RF power
supply is faulty and must be returned to Coherent/DEOS.
Control Inputs
Verify that the control inputs at the interface connector are set
to appropriate values in accordance with Table 4-1.
The fault detection signals from the RF power supply are
discussed in the section entitled Signals Used for Fault Detec-
tion.
Note the status of these signals when the laser is commanded
to CW Mode (as described in the section entitled CW Mode).
VSWR Fault
Indicator
If the fault detection signal named VSWR Fault Indicator
(Pin 6 in Table 4-1) is active, try changing RF cables or
switching laser heads (if spare RF cables and/or laser heads are
available) to see if the fault goes away with such substitutions.
If the VSWR fault indication goes away when the RF cable or
the laser head is replaced, the fault is probably in the item
which was replaced.
Over Temperature
Shutdown
If the fault detection signal named Over-Temperature Shut-
down (Pin 12 in Table 4-1) is active, troubleshoot the cooling
system to determine why the RF power supply appears to be
overheating.
CW Mode
If the laser output is non-zero, measure the laser output power
in CW Mode and compare it to the output power specified for
your laser model in Table 1-1.
Maintenance and Troubleshooting
5 - 3
The signal inputs required to place the laser in CW Mode are
discussed in the section entitled CW Mode.
Visualizing
If the laser output is non-zero and you have access to any way
of visualizing the spatial structure of the output beam, perform
such a visualization and record the results.
Voltages
With the laser commanded to CW Mode (as described in the
section entitled Electronic Signals Required to Turn On the
Laser), measure the voltages on Pins 4 and 5 of the signal
interface. (This interface is described in Table 4-1).
The voltage on Pin 4 should be (4.5 0.4) VDC.
The voltage on Pin 5 should be 0.7 0.25 VDC.
If these voltages are not as stated, the RF power supply is prob-
ably faulty and must be returned to Coherent/DEOS for
service.
Output Beam
If there is evidence that the spatial quality (Transverse Mode
quality) of the output beam is degraded, examine the output
optical element of the laser head, looking for evidence of
damage to the optical coating. (Of course, this examination
must be performed with AC power to the laser system discon-
nected.)
If such coating damage is present, the laser must be returned to
Coherent/DEOS so the problem can be corrected.
The customers system design should also be reviewed to
determine if contamination of the optical element could have
contributed to the coating damage.
If, after performing the above checks, you still believe there is a
problem with the laser, proceed to the section of this manual entitled
Warranty.
5 - 4
Figure 5-1. GEM-100 Voltage Chart
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
0 20 40 60 80 100
Operating Duty Cycle, % (At 24 kHz)
O
p
t
i
c
a
l

O
u
t
p
u
t

P
o
w
e
r
,

W
a
t
t
s
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
4.00
4.50
5.00
O
u
t
p
u
t

V
o
l
t
a
g
e
,

V
o
l
t
s
Poptical Vfwd Vref
Parts List
A - 1
PARTS LIST
The following parts can be ordered by contacting Coherent/DEOS
Customer Service at 1-800-367-7890 (within USA) or
1-408-764-4557 (outside USA) or your local Coherent/DEOS repre-
sentative.

Preferred Liquid Configuration
Preferred Air Configuration
Table A-1. GEM-100 (100 Watts) Laser System - Typical Configurations
SYSTEM LASER HEAD RF SUPPLY CABLE DESCRIPTION
GEM-100L 1400-00-0003 7203-00-0001 1101-10-0025-1 Liquid cooled/220 VAC
GEM-100A 1400-00-0011 7223-00-0001 1101-10-0025-1 Air cooled (fins and fans)
Table A-2. GEM-100 (100 Watts) Laser Component Part Numbers
PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION NOTES
LASER HEADS
1400-00-0003 GEM-100L Laser Head (liquid) Water cooled
1400-00-0011 GEM-100A Laser Head (air) Air cooled
1400-00-0013 GEM-100A Laser Head (fins wo/fans) Special (customer supplied fans)
RF POWER SUPPLY
7203-00-0001 D-1000 RF Power Supply (liquid) Water cooled/220 VAC
7223-00-0002 D-1000 RF Power Supply (air) Air cooled (fins and fans)/48 VDC
7223-00-0001 D-1000 RF Power Supply (fins wo/fans) Special (customer supplied fans)/48 VDC
CABLES
1101-10-0025-01 Cable, RF, 2 Half Waves Length is 7.7 feet (2.3 meters)
1401-10-0042 Cable, RF, 1 Half Waves Length is 3.7 feet (1.1 meters)
A - 2
1101-10-0091 Flexible RF Cable, 3 Half Waves Length is 11.8 feet (3.6 meters)
Table A-2. GEM-100 (100 Watts) Laser Component Part Numbers (Continued)
PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION NOTES
Warranty
B - 1
WARRANTY
GEM Series
Laser Warranty
Coherent, Inc. warrants to the original purchaser that the GEM-100
laser system conforms to the specifications published by Coherent
and is free from defects in materials and workmanship.
For specific warranty terms and conditions for your GEM-100 laser
system, refer to your sales contract.
GEM-100 laser systems are warranted for parts and labor for a
period of twelve (12) months. Warranty begins from the date of ship-
ment.
GEM-100 laser systems do not include installation in the purchase
price.
Conditions of
Warranty
For warranty service requiring the return of any product to Coherent,
the product must be returned to a service facility designated by
Coherent. The Buyer is responsible for all shipping charges, taxes
and duties.
Parts replaced under warranty shall become the property of Coherent
and must be returned to Coherent, Inc., Santa Clara, or to a facility
designated by Coherent. All laser systems must be carefully packed
in a suitable shipping container(s). Coherent does not assume
responsibility for components broken in shipment due to improper
packaging or handling. The Buyer will be obligated to issue a
purchase order for the value of the replaced parts and Coherent will
issue credit when the parts are received.
Responsibilities
of the Buyer
Damage to the GEM-100 laser caused by failure of Buyer's utilities
or the Buyer's failure to maintain an appropriate operating environ-
ment, is solely the responsibility of the Buyer and is specifically
excluded from any warranty.
The Buyer is responsible for prompt notification to Coherent of any
claims made under warranty. In no event will Coherent be respon-
sible for warranty claims later than seven (7) days after the expira-
tion of the warranty.
B - 2
Limitations of
Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from:
1. Components or accessories with separate warranties manufac-
tured by companies other than Coherent.
2. Improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer.
3. Buyer-supplied interfacing.
4. Operation outside the environmental specifications of the
product.
5. Improper site preparation and maintenance.
6. Unauthorized modification or misuse.
Coherent assumes no responsibility for customer-supplied material.
The obligations of Coherent are limited to repairing or replacing,
without charge, equipment that proves to be defective during the
warranty period. Replacement systems may contain reconditioned
parts. Repaired or replaced parts are warranted for the duration of
the original warranty period only. This warranty does not cover
damage due to misuse, negligence or accidents, or damage due to
installations, repairs or adjustments not specifically authorized in
writing by Coherent.
Glossary
Glossary - 1
GLOSSARY
% Percent
C Degrees centigrade or Celsius
F Degrees Fahrenheit
m Micrometers = 10
-6
meters
rad Microradians = 10
-6
radians
s Microseconds = 10
-6
seconds
1/e
2
Beam diameter parameter = 0.13534
A Amperes
AC Alternating current
ANSI American National Standards Institute
BNC Type of connector
CaCO
3
Calcium carbonate
CDRH Center for Devices and Radiological Health (part of the Food and
Drug Administration of the Public Health Service, U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services)
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
cm Centimeters = 10
-2
meters
CO
2
Carbon dioxide
CW Continuous wave
DC Direct current
DCPS DC power supply
DEOS DeMaria ElectroOptics Systems
DVM Digital voltmeter
EMC Electromagnetic compatibility
FDA Food and Drug Administration (an agency of the U.S. Department
of Health and Human Services)
FPT Female pipe thread
ft. Foot (Feet) (length)
gpm Gallons per minute
hex Hexagon
Hz Hertz or cycles per second (frequency)
I.D. Inner diameter
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
in. Inch(s) (length)
IR Infrared
kg Kilograms = 10
3
grams
kHz Kilohertz = 10
3
hertz
kPa Kilopascals = 10
3
pascals
kV Kilovolts = 10
3
volts
Glossary - 2
kW Kilowatts = 10
3
watts
k Kilohm(s)
lbs. Pound(s)
LED Light emitting diode
m Meter(s) (length)
mA Milliamperes = 10
-3
Amperes
mg Milligrams = 10
-3
grams
MHz Megahertz = 10
6
Hz
mJ Millijoules = 10
-3
Joules
mm Millimeters = 10
-3
meters
MNPT Male National Pipe Thread
mrad Milliradians = 10
-3
radians (angle)
ms Milliseconds = 10
-3
seconds
mW Milliwatts = 10
-3
Watts (power)
N
2
Nitrogen
nm Nanometers = 10
-9
meters (wavelength)
N-m Newton-meter(s)
NPT National Pipe Thread American national standard taper pipe thread
(American National Standards Institute, B2-1-1968)
Phase
O.D. Outer diameter
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration, part of the U.S.
Department of Labor
P/N Part number
ppm Parts per million (by weight)
PRF Pulse repetition frequency
psi Pounds per square inch
psig Pounds per square inch, gauge (pressure relative to ambient
atmospheric pressure in psi)
RF Radio frequency
RMA Return material authorization
RMS Root mean square (effective value of a sinusoidal wave)
SS Stainless steel
STD Standard
TEM Transverse electromagnetic (cross-sectional laser beam mode)
TTL Transistor-to-transistor logic (Designed to +5 V nominal maximum
voltage)
V Volts
VAC Volts alternating current
VDC Volts direct current
vol% Volume percent
VSWR Voltage, standing wave ratio
W Watts
Packing Procedure
C - 1
PACKING PROCEDURE
The following is the factory recommended packing procedure for
the GEM laser system. This procedure should be followed if the
laser system is to be shipped to another location after initial installa-
tion, or returned to the factory for service. It is recommended that
you save the shipping box and packing materials, since these will be
useful should you need to ship the laser back to Coherent/DEOS.
Never ship or store any GEM laser head or RF power supply
containing coolant if it is possible it will be exposed to tempera-
tures below the freezing point of the coolant during such ship-
ment or storage. Plug or cap coolant inlet and outlet to prevent
coolant leaks during shipment or storage.
For Liquid
Cooled Lasers/
RF Power
Supplies
1. Uncouple the laser head and RF power supply from the chiller.
2. Drain the cooling lines into the proper drain/receptacle.
3. Blow out the cooling lines on both laser head and RF power
supply using compressed air (<75 psi).
4. Seal the cooling lines with the caps/plugs originally supplied
with the laser system.
Be sure to drain all cooling liquid from the laser head and RF
power supply prior to packing for shipment. This can be accom-
plished by lightly blowing compressed air into the cooling lines.
For All Laser
Heads (After
Draining and Clearing
Cooling Lines for Liquid
Cooled Laser Systems)
1. Seal the output coupler/window with tape.
2. Wrap the laser head in protective plastic bag/sheet. Seal with
tape. (In the event that the original shipping container is not
available, wrap the laser head in bubble-wrap protective
packing so that the laser head has a least 4 inches of protec-
tive packing around the entire laser).
3. Package the laser head in the original inner shipping container
and seal with packaging tape.
C - 2
For All RF Power
Supplies (After
Draining and Clearing
Cooling Lines for Liquid
Cooled Laser Systems)
1. Wrap the RF power supply in protective plastic bag/sheet. Seal
with tape. (In the event that the original shipping container is
not available, wrap the RF power supply in bubble-wrap
protective packing so that the RF power supply has a least
4 inches of protective packing around the entire laser).
2. Package the RF power supply in the original inner shipping
container and seal with packaging tape.
Shipping
Instructions
1. Place the return shipping label(s) (located on the page after the
RMA Form) on the shipping the container(s) WITH THE
RMA NUMBER CLEARLY VISIBLE and ship to
Coherent/DEOS. The shipper should be notified that the
contents are fragile and sensitive to shock and moisture
2. Enclose a copy of the completed RMA Form in the return ship-
ping container. Retain a copy for your records.
3. Package carefully, both the laser head and RF power supply in
the original Coherent/DEOS outer shipping container(s).
RMA Form
Instructions
Call your local Coherent Service Representative to obtain an RMA
number prior to filling out this form. After receiving an RMA
number, this form should be filled out and accompany your return
shipment.
1. Date and RMA Number
Enter todays date and RMA number. Upper right hand corner.
2. Requestor Information
Provide all of requestors address and ship to address informa-
tion. Provide customer reference number if applicable.
3. System Information
Provide system product number, system serial number.
Note: Enter None for Service Inventory Returns.
4. Return Part(s) Information
Provide the part number, description, serial number (if appli-
cable) and quantity of returned part(s).
5. Failure Information/Comments
Provide failure details or explain why the part(s) is being
returned.
Please fill out this form and include with the return shipment.
In Order To Process, Form Must Be Complete
*coherenT/deos
Bloomfield, CT 06002
(800) 367-7890
www.coherentinc.com
RMA FORM
Date
RMA Number
Requestor Information Cust Ref #_____________ Ship to Information
Organization Organization
Contact Contact
Address Address
City City
State / Zip State / Zip
Telephone Telephone
Fax Number Fax Number
System Information
System Product Number System Serial Number
Return Part(s) Information Enter the following information, include applicable serial numbers.
Part Number Description Serial Number Quantity
Failure Information/Comments Explain why this part is being returned and/or provide failure details.
Ship to:
coherent/deos
Attn.: Customer Service
RMA # ________________________
Ship to:
coherent/deos
Attn.: Customer Service
RMA # ________________________
Index
Index - 1
INDEX
A
Air cooling 3-5
DC power relay 3-6
Interlock switch 3-6
Signal interface 3-6
vs. liquid cooling 1-3
Air flow 3-6
Ambient air
Cleanliness 3-5
C
Cable
Coaxial 3-9
Connections 3-9
Lengths 1-2
Cables 5-1
Certifications
Compliance 2-8
Cleanliness
Ambient air 3-5
Output optical element 5-1
Coaxial cable 3-9
Compatibility 1-5
Complex modulation waveforms 4-4
Compliance
Certification 2-8
Standards relevant to CE mark 2-4
Connection
Control signal 3-8
Electrical power 3-7
Power supply 3-8
Connectors 5-1
Control signal
Connection 3-8
Cooling
Requirements 1-3
CW mode 4-1
D
DC input power 1-3
E
Electrical
Power connection 3-7
Safety 2-3
Electronic control 4-5
Electronic signals required to turn on the laser 4-5
F
Fault detection
Signals used 4-6
G
Gated CW mode 4-3
H
Hardware configuration 1-2
Hardware overview 1-3
I
Inspection 3-1
Interchangeability 1-5
Interference
Potential of the system 2-4
Interlocks
Safety 2-4
L
Laser head 1-4
Mounting considerations 3-5
Laser installation
Safety issues 3-2
M
Maintenance 5-1
Mechanical mounting 3-2
Mounting considerations
Laser heads 3-5
Power supply 3-5
O
Operating modes 4-1
CW mode 4-1
Gated CW mode 4-3
Typical waveform 4-1
Optical pulse shape 4-3
Optical safety 2-1
P
Packing procedure C-1
Power supply 1-4
Connection 3-8
Mounting considerations 3-5
Protection from unacceptable inputs 4-4
Pulsewidth variation 4-3
R
Radiated emission compliance 2-4
Requirements
Cooling 1-3
Input 1-2
S
Safety
Index - 2
Electrical 2-3
Interlocks 2-4
Labels, location of 2-5
Laser head 2-3
Optical 2-1
Requirements 2-3
Signal interface connectors 4-1
Signals used for fault detection 4-6
Specifications 1-2
System
Interference potential of 2-4
T
Torque 3-9
Troubleshooting 5-1
Control inputs 5-2
Coolant 5-1
CW mode 5-2
DC power and voltage 5-2
Output beam 5-3
Over temperature shutdown 5-2
Visualizing 5-3
Voltages 5-3
VSWR fault indicator 5-2
Turning on the laser 4-4
Typical waveform 4-1
U
Unpacking 3-1
V
Variable output power capability 4-3
Varying the pulsewidth 4-4
Verifying delivery 3-1
VSWR faults 4-7
W
Warranty B-1
Conditions of B-1
Limitations of B-2
Responsibilities of the buyer B-1
Coherent, Inc., 01/2002, Printed in the U.S.A.
Coherent P/N: 1008288, Rev A

Operator Manual Series GEM OEM Industrial Lasers GEM

Transféré par

Informations du document

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Operator Manual Series GEM OEM Industrial Lasers GEM

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

Operators Manual

GEM Series OEM/Industrial Lasers

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi