Demand Vs Div

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Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor

OCTOBER 31, 2011 48 COMMENTS (HTTP://ELECTRICALNOTES.WORDPRESS.COM/2011/10 /31/DEMAND-FACTOR-DIVERSITY-FACTOR-UTILIZATION-FACTOR-LOAD-FACTOR /#COMMENTS)
(1) Demand factor:

Demand Factor = Maximum demand of a system / Total connected load on the system Demand factor is always less than one. Example: if a residence having 6000W equipment connected has a maximum demand of 3000W,Than demand factor = 3000W / 6000W = 0.5 The lower the demand factor, the less system capacity required to serve the connected load. Feeder-circuit conductors should have an ampere sucient to carry the load; the ampere of thefeedercircuit need not always be equal to the total of all loads on all branch-circuits connected to it. Remember that the demand factor permits a feeder-circuit ampere to be less than 100% of the sum of all branch-circuit loads connected to the feeder. Example: One Machine Shop has 1. Fluorescent xtures=1 No, 5kw each, Receptacle outlets =1 No, 1500w each. 2. Lathe=1No, 10 Hp, Air Compressor=1 No, 20 Hp, Fire Pump=1 No, 15 Hp. After questioning the customer about the various loads, the information is further deciphered as follows: 1. The shop lights are on only during the hours of 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. 2. The receptacle outlets are in the oce only, and will have computers and other small loads plugged into them. 3. The lathe is fully loaded for 5 minutes periods. The rest of the time is setup time. This procedure repeats every 15 minutes. 4. The air compressor supplies air to air tools and cycles o and on about half the time.
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5. The re pump only runs for 30 minutes when tested which is once a month after hours. Calculation: Lighting Demand Factor = Demand Interval Factor x Diversity Factor. = (15 minute run time/ 15 minutes) x 1.0 = 1.0 Lighting Demand Load = 5 kW x 1.0 = 5 kW Receptacle Outlet Demand Factor = Demand Interval Factor x Diversity Factor = (15 minute run time / 15 minutes) x 0.1 = 0.1 Receptacle Outlet Demand Load = 15 x 1500 wa s x 0.1 = 2.25 kW Lathe Demand Factor = Demand Interval Factor x Diversity Factor. = (5 minute run time / 15 minutes) x 1.0 =0 .33 Lathe Demand Load = 10 hp x .746 x .33 = 2.46 kW Air Compressor Demand Factor = Demand Interval Factor x Diversity Factor. = (7.5 minute run time / 15 minutes) x 1.0 = 0.5 Air Compressor Demand Load = 20 hp x .746 x .5 = 7.46 kW Fire Pump Demand Factor = Demand Interval Factor x Diversity Factor. = (15 minute run time/ 15 minutes) x 0.0 = 0.0 Fire Pump Demand Load = 15 hp x .746 x 0.0 = 0.0 kW Summary of Demand Loads : Equipment Lighting Receptacle Outlets Lathe Air Compressor Fire Pump TOTAL kW 5 22.5 7.5 15 11.25 61.25 Kw D.F. 1 .1 .33 0.5 0.0 Demand KW 5 2.25 2.46 7.46 0.0 17.17 Kw
(2) Diversity factor / simultaneity factor (Ks):

Diversity Factor = Sum of Individual Max. Demand. / Max. Demand on Power Station. Diversity Factor = Installed load. / Running load. Diversity factor is usually more than one. (Since the sum of individual max. demands >Max. Demand) The load is time dependent as well as being dependent upon equipment characteristics. The diversity factor recognizes that the whole load does not equal the sum of its parts due to this time Interdependence (i.e. diverseness). When the maximum demand of a supply is being assessed it is not sucient to simply add together the ratings of all electrical equipment that could be connected to that supply. If this is done, a gure somewhat higher than the true maximum demand will be produced. This is because it is unlikely that all the electrical equipment on a supply will be used simultaneously.
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The concept of being able to De-rate a potential maximum load to an actual maximum demand is known as the application of a diversity factor. 70% diversity means that the device in question operates at its nominal or maximum load level 70% of the time that it is connected and turned on. If total installed full load ampere is twice your running load ampere then the diversity factor is two. If total installed full load ampere is four times your load a ampere then the diversity factor is four. If everything (all electrical equipment) was running at full load at the same time the diversity factor is equal to One Greater the diversity factor, lesser is the cost of generation of power. Diversity factor in a distribution network is the ratio of the sum of the peak demands of the individual customers to the peak demand of the network. This will be determined by the type of service, i.e., residential, commercial, industrial and combinations of such. Example-I: A distribution feeder serves 5 houses, each of which has a peak demand of 5 KW. The feeder peak turns out to be 20 kw. The diversity is then 20/25 or 0.8. This results from the timing dierences between the individual heating/cooling, appliance usages in the individual customers. As supply availability decreases, the diversity factor will tend to increase toward 1.00. This can be demonstrated when restoring service after outages (called cold starts) as the system initial surge can be much greater than the historical peak loads. Example-II: A sub-station has three outgoing feeders: 1. 2. 3. 4. feeder 1 has maximum demand 10 MW at 10:00 am, feeder 2 has maximum demand 12 MW at 7:00 pm and feeder 3 has maximum demand 15 MW at 9:00 pm, While the maximum demand of all three feeders is 33 MW at 8:00 pm. Here, the sum of the maximum demand of the individual sub-systems (feeders) is 10 + 12 + 15 = 37 MW, while the system maximum demand is 33 MW. The diversity factor is 37/33 = 1.12. The diversity factor is usually greater than 1; its value also can be 1 which indicates the maximum demand of the individual sub-system occurs simultaneously. Diversity is the relationship between the rated full loads of the equipment downstream of a connection point, and the rated load of the connection point. To illustrate: 1. The building at these co-ordinates is ed with a 100A main supply fuse. 2. The distribution board has 2no. 6A breakers, 1no. 20A breaker and 5no. 32A breakers, a total, potentially, of 192A. Not all these rated loads are turned on at once. If they were, then the 100A supply fuse would rupture, as it cannot pass 192A. So the diversity factor of the distribution board can be said to be 192A/100A, or 1.92, or 52%. Many designers prefer to use unity as the diversity factor in calculations for planning conservatism because of plant load growth uncertainties. Local experience can justify using a diversity factor larger than unity, and smaller service entrance conductors and transformer requirements chosen accordingly. The diversity factor for all other installations will be dierent, and would be based upon a local evaluation of the loads to be applied at dierent moments in time. Assuming it to be 1.0 may, on some occasions, result in a supply feeder and equipment rating that is rather larger than the local installation warrants, and an over-investment in cable and equipment to handle the rated load current. It is be er to evaluate the pa ern of usage of the loads and calculate an acceptable diversity factor for each particular case.
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In the case of the example given above, achieving a diversity of 1.0 or 100% would require well over twice the cross-sectional area of copper cable to be installed in a deep trench underneath a eld, the rebuild of a feeder cabinet to larger dimensions, more substantial overhead supply cables for a distance exceeding 2km northwards and a dierent tari, where one pays rather more for a kWh than at present. The investment required to achieve 1.0 simply isnt justiable in this particular case. Diversity factor is mostly used for distribution feeder size and transformer as well as to determine the maximum peak load and diversity factor is always based on knowing the process. You have to understand what will be on or o at a given time for dierent buildings and this will size the feeder. Note for typical buildings diversity factor is always one. You have to estimate or have a data records to create 24 hours load graph and you can determine the maximum demand load for node then you can easily determine the feeder and transformer size. The diversity factor of a feeder would be the sum of the maximum demands of the individual consumers divided by the maximum demand of the feeder. In the same manner, it is possible to compute the diversity factor on a substation, a transmission line or a whole utility system. The residential load has the highest diversity factor. Industrial loads have low diversity factors usually of 1.4, street light practically unity and other loads vary between these limits. Diversity Factor in distribution Network: Diversity Factors Elements of System Residential Between individual users Between transformers Between feeders Between substations From users to transformers From users to feeder From users to substation From users to generating station 2.00 1.30 1.15 1.10 2.00 2.60 3.00 3.29 Commercial 1.46 1.30 1.15 1.10 1.46 1.90 2.18 2.40 General Power 1.45 1.35 1.15 1.10 1.44 1.95 2.24 2.46 1.15 1.32 1.45 1.05 1.05 1.10 Large Industrial
Diversity Factor for distribution switchboards: Number of circuits Assemblies entirely tested 2 and 3 4 and 5 6 to 9 10 and more Assemblies partially tested in every case choose Diversity Factor (ks) 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 1
Diversity Factor for according to circuit function (IEC 60439): Circuits Function
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Diversity Factor (ks)
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Lighting Heating and air conditioning Socket-outlets Lifts and catering hoist For the most powerful motor For the second most powerful motor For all motors Diversity Factor for an apartment block: Apartment 2 To 4 5To 19 10To 14 15To 19 20To 24 25To 29 30 To 34 35 To 39 40To 40 50 To Above Diversity Factor (ks) 1 0.78 0.63 0.53 0.49 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.41 0.40
0.9 0.8 0.7 1 0.75 0.8
Example: 5 storey apartment building with 25 consumers, each having 6 kVA of installed load. The total installed load for the building is: 36 + 24 + 30 + 36 + 24 = 150 kVA The apparent-power supply required for the building is: 150 x 0.46 = 69 kVA It is a ma er of common experience that the simultaneous operation of all installed loads of a given installation never occurs in practice, i.e. there is always some degree of diversity and this fact is taken into account for estimating purposes by the use of a simultaneity factor / Diversity Factor (ks). The Diversity factor ks is applied to each group of loads (e.g. being supplied from a distribution or sub-distribution board). The determination of these factors is the responsibility of the designer, since it requires a detailed knowledge of the installation and the conditions in which the individual circuits are to be exploited. For this reason, it is not possible to give precise values for general application. Designing Size of Electrical Switchgear by use of Demand Factor and Diversity Factor: Diversity factors are used by utilities for distribution transformer sizing and load predictions. Demand factors are more conservative and are used by NEC for service and feeder sizing. Demand factors and diversity factors are used in design. For example, the sum of the connected loads supplied by a feeder is multiplied by the demand factorto determine the load for which the feeder must be sized. This load is termed the maximum demand of the feeder. The sum of the maximum demand loads for a number of sub feeders divided by the diversity factor for the sub feeders will give the maximum demand load to be supplied by the feeder from which the sub feeders are derived.
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Example-1: Suppose We have four individual feeder-circuits with connected loads of 250 kVA, 200 kVA, 150 kVA and 400 kVA and demand factors of 90%, 80%, 75% and 85% respectively.Use a diversity factor of 1.5. Calculating demand for feeder-circuits 250 kVA x 90% = 225 kVA 200 kVA x 80% = 160 kVA 150 kVA x 75% = 112.5 kVA 400 kVA x 85% = 340 kVA 837.5 kVA The sum of the individual demands is equal to 837.5 kVA. If the main feeder-circuit were sized at unity diversity: kVA = 837.5 kVA 1.00 = 837.5 kVA. The main feeder-circuit would have to be supplied by an 850 kVA transformer. However, using the diversity factor of 1.5, the kVA = 837.5 kVA 1.5 = 558 kVA for the main feeder. For diversity factor of 1.5, a 600 kVA transformer could be used. Example-2: A conveyor belt made up of six sections, each driven by a 2 kW motor. As material is transported along this belt, it is rst carried by section 1, and then each section in succession until the nal section is reached. In this simple example only one section of conveyor is carrying material at any point in time. Therefore ve motors are only handling no-load mechanical losses (say .1 kW) keeping the belts moving whilst one motor is handling the load (say 1 kW). The demand presented by each motor when it is carrying its load is 1 kW, the sum of the demand loads is 6 kW but the maximum load presented by the system at any time is only 1.5 kW. Diversity factor =Sum of Individual Max. Demand / Max. Demand = 6 Kw / 1.5 Kw =4. Demand Factor = Maximum demand / Total connected load = 1.5 Kw / 12 Kw = 0.125.
(3) Load factor:

Load Factor = Average load. /Maximum load during a given period. It can be calculated for a single day, for a month or for a year. Its value is always less than one. Because maximum demand is always more than avg. demand. It is used for determining the overall cost per unit generated. Higher the load factor, lesser will be the cost per unit. Load Factor = Load that a piece of equipment actually draws / Load it could draw (full load). Example: Motor of 20 hp drives a constant 15 hp load whenever it is on. The motor load factor is then 15/20 = 75%. Load factor is term that does not appear on your utility bill, but does aect electricity costs. Loadfactor indicates how eciently the customer is using peak demand. Load Factor = ( energy (kWh per month) ) / ( peak demand (kW) x hours/month ) A high load factor means power usage is relatively constant. Low load factor shows that occasionally a high demand is set. To service that peak, capacity is si ing idle for long periods, thereby imposing higher costs on the system. Electrical rates are designed so that customers with high load factor are charged less overall per kWh. For Example Customer A High Load Factor 82% load factor = (3000 kWh per month x 100%) / 5 kW x 730 hours/month.
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Customer B Low Load Factor 41% load factor = (3000 kWh per month x 100%) / 10kW x 730 hours/month. To encourage the ecient use of installed capacity, electricity rates are structured so the price perkWh above a certain load factor is lower. The actual structure of the price blocks varies by rate.
(4) Utilization factor (Ku):

In normal operating conditions the power consumption of a load is sometimes less than that indicated as its nominal power rating, a fairly common occurrence that justies the application of an utilization factor (ku) in the estimation of realistic values. Utilization Factor = The time that a equipment is in use./ The total time that it could be in use. Example: The motor may only be used for eight hours a day, 50 weeks a year. The hours of operation would then be 2000 hours, and the motor Utilization factor for a base of 8760 hours per year would be 2000/8760 = 22.83%. With a base of 2000 hours per year, the motor Utilization factor would be 100%. The bo om line is that the use factor is applied to get the correct number of hours that the motor is in use. This factor must be applied to each individual load, with particular a ention to electric motors, which are very rarely operated at full load. In an industrial installation this factor may be estimated on an average at 0.75 for motors. For incandescent-lighting loads, the factor always equals 1. For socket-outlet circuits, the factors depend entirely on the type of appliances being supplied fromthe sockets concerned.
Maximum demand:
Maximum demand (often referred to as MD) is the largest current normally carried by circuits, switches and protective devices. It does not include the levels of current owing under overload or short circuit conditions. Assessment of maximum demand is sometimes straightforward. For example, the maximum demand of a 240 V single-phase 8 kW shower heater can be calculated by dividing the power (8 kW) by the voltage (240 V) to give a current of 33.3 A. This calculation assumes a power factor of unity, which is a reasonable assumption for such a purely resistive load. There are times, however, when assessment of maximum demand is less obvious. For example, if a ring circuit feeds fteen 13 A sockets, the maximum demand clearly should not be 15 x 13 = 195 A, if only because the circuit protection will not be rated at more than 32 A. Some 13 A sockets may feed table lamps with 60 W lamps ed, whilst others may feed 3 kW washing machines; others again may not be loaded at all. Lighting circuits pose a special problem when determining MD. Each lamp-holder must be assumed to carry the current required by the connected load, subject to a minimum loading of 100 W per lamp holder (a demand of 0.42 A per lamp holder at 240 V). Discharge lamps are particularly dicult to
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assess, and current cannot be calculated simply by dividing lamp power by supply voltage. The reasons for this are: 1. Control gear losses result in additional current, 2. the power factor is usually less than unity so current is greater, and 3. Chokes and other control gear usually distort the waveform of the current so that it containsharmonics which are additional to the fundamental supply current. So long as the power factor of a discharge lighting circuit is not less than 0.85, the current demand for the circuit can be calculated from: current (A) = (lamp power (W) x 1.8) / supply voltage (V) For example, the steady state current demand of a 240 V circuit supplying ten 65 W uorescent lamps would be: I = 10X65X1.8A / 240 = 4.88A Switches for circuits feeding discharge lamps must be rated at twice the current they are required to carry, unless they have been specially constructed to withstand the severe arcing resulting from the switching of such inductive and capacitive loads.
(5) Coincidence factor:

The coincidence factor =Max. demand of a system / sum of the individual maximum demands The coincidence factor is the reciprocal of the diversity factor
Demand Factor & Load Factor according to Type of Industries:

Type of Industry Arc Furnace Induction Furnace Steel Rolling mills Mechanical/ Electrical a) Single Shift b) Double Shift Cycle Industry Wire products Auto Parts Forgings Cold Storage
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Demand Factor 0.55 0.90 0.80 0.45 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.40 0.50
Load Factor 0.80 0.80 0.25 0.25 0.50 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.35
Utilization Factor (DF x LF) 0.44 0.72 0.20 0.11 0.22 0.16 0.14 0.20 0.17
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a) Working Season b) Non-Working Season Rice Shellers a) Working Season b) Non-WorkingSeason Ice Candy Units a) Working Season b) Non-Working Season Ice Factories a) Working Season b) Non-Working Season Co on Ginning a) Working Season b) Non-Working Season Spinning Mills Textile Industry Dyeing and Printing Ghee Mills Oil Mills Solvent Extraction Mills Plastic Soap Rubber (Foot Wear) Distilleries Chemical Industry Gas Plant Industry Pain and ColourFactory Sugar Paper Flour Mills(Single Shift) A a Chakies Milk Plants Printing Presses
0.60 0.25 0.70 0.05 0.50 0.50 0.80 0.80 0.70 0.10 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.70 0.45 0.60 0.50 0.45 0.35 0.40 0.70 0.50 0.30 0.50 0.80 0.50 0.40 0.35
0.65 0.15 0.80 0.30 0.65 0.10 0.65 0.10 0.25 0.10 0.80 0.80 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.25 0.25 0.35 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.40 0.45 0.80 0.25 0.25 0.80 0.30
0.39 0.04 0.56 0.01 0.32 0.05 0.52 0.08 0.17 0.01 0.48 0.40 0.20 0.25 0.35 0.22 0.11 0.12 0.16 0.17 0.20 0.35 0.20 0.13 0.40 0.20 0.12 0.32 0.10
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Repair Workshops Bo ling Plants Radio Stations Telephone exchange Public Water Works Medical Colleges Hospitals Nursing Homes Colleges and Schools Hotels and Restaurants Marriage Palaces
0.40 0.40 0.55 0.50 0.75 0.60 0.25 0.50 0.50 0.75 1.00
0.25 0.35 .0.45 0.90 0.40 0.25 0.90 0.50 0.20 0.40 0.25
0.10 0.14 0.25 0.45 0.30 0.15 0.22 0.25 0.10 0.30 0.25
Demand Factor & Load Factor according to Type of Buildings:

Individual Facilities Communications buildings Telephone exchange building Air passenger terminal building Aircraft re and rescue station Aircraft line operations building Academic instruction building Applied instruction building Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory Materials Laboratory Physics Laboratory Electrical and electronics systems laboratory Cold storage warehouse General warehouse Controlled humidity warehouse Hazardous/ammable storehouse Disposal, salvage, scrap building
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Demand Factor 60-65 55-70 65-80 25-35 65-80 40-60 35-65 70-80 30-35 70-80 20-30 70-75 75-80 60-65 75-80 35-40
Load Factor 70-75 20-25 28-32 13-17 24-28 22-26 24-28 22-28 27-32 22-28 3-7 20-25 23-28 33-38 20-25 25-20
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Hospital Laboratory Dental Clinic Medical Clinic Administrative Oce Single-family residential housing Detached garages Apartments Fire station Police station Bakery Laundry/dry cleaning plant K-6 schools 7-12 schools Churches Post Oce Retail store Bank Supermarket Restaurant Auto repair shop Hobby shop, art/crafts Bowling alley Gymnasium Skating rink Indoor swimming pool Theater Library Golf clubhouse Museum
38-42 32-37 35-40 45-50 50-65 60-70 40-50 35-40 25-35 48-53 30-35 30-35 75-80 65-70 65-70 75-80 65-70 75-80 55-60 45-75 40-60 30-40 70-75 70-75 70-75 55-60 45-55 75-80 75-80 75-80
45-50 20-25 18-23 20-23 20-35 10-15 2-4 38-42 13-17 20-25 45-60 20-25 10-15 12-17 5-25 20-25 25-32 20-25 25-30 15-25 15-20 25-30 10-15 20-45 10-15 25-50 8-13 30-35 15-20 30-35
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FILED UNDER UNCATEGORIZED About Jignesh.Parmar Jignesh Parmar has completed his B.E(Electrical) from Gujarat University. He has more than 11 years experience in Power Transmission-Power Distribution-Electrical energy theft detection-Electrical Maintenance-Electrical Projects(Planning-Designing-coordination-Execution). He is Presently associate with one of the leading business group as a Assistant Manager at Ahmedabad,India. He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel Sheets of Electrical Engineering as per IS,NEC,IEC,IEEE codes. He is technical Author for Electrical Mirror and Electrical India Magazines. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with English, Hindi, Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his experience & knowledge and help technical enthusiasts to nd suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics.
48 Responses to Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor

Manish says: October 31, 2011 at 4:14 pm Thank you very much for such a good and detailed article. Your blog posts are always quite good ! Reply Dieter says: November 9, 2011 at 10:55 am As a junior E&I Engineer, I herewith thank you for your kindness of sharing your knowledge. I look foreward to more of your work. Reply S.SAMBATH says: November 29, 2011 at 1:36 pm Sir, The informations are very useful like me as Electricity Board Engineer. Thank u and I expect more.
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s.sambath Reply zaheer kha ak says: May 30, 2012 at 7:15 am dear sir, thanks a lot both of u i am electrical engineer and i m working in consultancy rm in pakistan i mostly design high rise ocial and residential building. i want to share and gain some important knowledge about designing for All of u and every one how help me. thanks Zaheer kha ak shaz consultant Peshawar Pakistan available on Facebook chemie says: November 30, 2011 at 6:21 am me from malaysia u are great sir.. thanks a lot Reply Md.Samiuddin says: December 7, 2011 at 8:58 am Dear Mr. Jignesh Parmar, The details provided by are very useful. Excellent! I need a small help. I am an Indian, native of Andhra Pradesh. I am a mechanical engineer, handling a new project in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The details in the power summary report are: Connected Power Usage = 1290KWH After multiplying by power factors and maximum utilization factors individually to each equipment the sum is = 535 KWH. Example: Crane connected power = 95 kwh; power factor = 0.6; Max. Utlzn. Factor= 0.75 gives 95kwh X 0.6 X 0.75 = 42.75kwh Now, If I want buy the generators (OR) to ask for electricity dept. what power should I ask? Will it be 1290KWH or 535 KWH? Please clarify and explain me to improve my awaeness in this perticular topic because always I come across with such incidents. Please reply to me to my email: (or) Thanks for your support in advance. Best Regard Md.Samiuddin Plant manager MIM Co., Jeddah KSA
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Reply Mansour A, says: January 15, 2012 at 7:08 pm Thank u very much Mr. Parmar, I really get use and understand these factors which were confused to me. I have set this site in favourities looking foreward to read your good activities. Reply francis azumah says: February 18, 2012 at 2:49 pm am very greatful for the explanatory notes, i say well done but needs more of that. thank you Reply Rahman says: February 27, 2012 at 11:49 am very useful link thank you Reply opeyemi says: March 17, 2012 at 6:32 am Great answer,it really meet my demand Reply ranx says: March 23, 2012 at 6:57 pm Thank for your kindness, your explanation very useful and very understadble to us. Reply ranx says: March 23, 2012 at 6:58 pm Thanks for the sharing of your knowledge this s very useful to my design Reply anam says: April 25, 2012 at 1:03 pm can i have the denition of growth factor? Reply goldwincs says: June 18, 2012 at 2:42 pm great post! can you explain about peak diversity factor? Reply ahmed nazmi says: July 19, 2012 at 9:05 am what the dierence between diversity factor and diversity factor (ks) and where i will use :diversity factor , diversity factor (ks) and demand factor Reply daniel says: August 8, 2012 at 5:45 pm
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great, please do more post and detailed explanation Reply my name is okekhian stanley. says: August 16, 2012 at 2:34 pm Thank you for your knowledge. This will be of help in my eld work. Reply kwame says: August 16, 2012 at 2:57 pm Thanks very much, I am really enlightened alot. Reply Jose Antonio Martins says: September 28, 2012 at 6:06 pm Dear Mr. Jignesh Parmar, The details provided about this issue are very useful. Would you mind informing me about the origin of the table: Diversity Factor for an apartment block? Please answer me by email. Thanks for your support in advance. Reply Jose Antonio Martins says: December 19, 2012 at 8:21 pm I have already found the referred table in the French Standard NF C 14-100 (2008): Low-voltage mains installations. Please consider the corrections: - where is 40To 40 should be 40 to 49 - where is 50 To Above, ks = 0.40 should be 50 to Above, ks = 0.38. Reply dhananjay Prasad says: October 12, 2012 at 2:18 am Thank you sir Reply salman p says: November 7, 2012 at 8:16 am thank u sir Reply tiger says: November 19, 2012 at 11:05 am Very good article , but these calculation derived from which Code or standard ??? specially table (Demand Factor & Load Factor according to Type of Industries) , because these values is varied and depend on the practice wise
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Reply Jignesh.Parmar says: November 19, 2012 at 2:35 pm Yes. Agree with you. This is just reference Value .This Value vary according to its users Prole. We can not predict the actual value but this table value helpful us to calculate more realistic assumption. I got this Table from one Book or Manual. If it is more valuable for You than I will deantly convey its Reference Source. Reply tiger man says: November 20, 2012 at 7:48 am Many thanks for your reply , and i hope to send to me this reference or book it will be a kind from you Samer says: January 2, 2013 at 9:10 am Can you please provide me with the reference source? It is very important to me. Thank you for the great article. Regards. Ron Cha erji says: December 5, 2012 at 1:26 pm I am from US. My name is Ron. I want to talk with you on something. Please tell me what phone # I can call and time. I will call you after ge ing your 3 Reply Jignesh.Parmar says: December 5, 2012 at 2:20 pm I am available on Email. My Email Id is jiguparmar@yahoo.com Reply Mohammed says: February 24, 2013 at 4:16 pm Dear Jignesh, i need the references of your diversity , demand and coincidence factros tables. are they as per any international / national codes. Your kind reply will bne helful in studying a project. M.A.Bari Shakil says: July 6, 2013 at 2:49 am Jignesh.Parmar,I need your help.I am fm Bangladesh.Iam also a electrical engineer.I saw that you have most experience in power sector.In15th july,a Bangladeshi power generation company call a interview.I am also a candidate for that interview.Sir please give some materials and tell me how can i got that job.I like to inform you that,I have no experience to work any power plant.I am a fresher electrical engineer Ron Cha erji says:
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December 5, 2012 at 1:27 pm I need your phone # and the time/date Reply minhaz says: December 23, 2012 at 5:00 am exellent Reply saad says: December 23, 2012 at 9:31 am thanks dear Reply Mark Jason Acopio Obordo says: January 17, 2013 at 2:08 pm thanks!!now i know.:) Reply colin challinger says: February 5, 2013 at 9:59 am Hi I have an appartment block with 12 ats to cost and they are all electrily heated toal pot divesity equals 22.4 Kva ref to (ks) will this factor still apply to the incoming main? Reply Percy Makhuvha says: February 28, 2013 at 8:28 am Thank you very much know I am happy Reply Allan Sanjose says: March 18, 2013 at 12:32 am Your rst statement regarding demand factor is always less than one. if your demand factor is 100% that is equal to one. Philippines Reply Jignesh.Parmar says: March 18, 2013 at 2:25 pm Please carefully Read Denition First !!! Demand Factor = Maximum demand of a system / Total connected load on the system. Your max demand never goes beyond connected load so D.F is always less than 1. Hope this clarication may clear your dough. Reply Rahul says: March 21, 2013 at 5:22 pm Dear sir,
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I came across another formula like Maximum normal running plant load = 100% sum of all continuously operating loads + 30% sum of all intermi ent loads. Where 100% and 30% are considered as the diversity factors of continuous and intermi ent loads respectively Sir do you know which industry is this formula commonly used. can you explain this formula.. I hope you will reply to my question Reply Khwaja Salim says: April 3, 2013 at 9:36 am Thank You Mr. Jignesh Parmar. It is very useful in designing of electrical installtion. Reply John says: May 11, 2013 at 2:52 pm Dear Sir, I would like to learn about the reference for this info.Thank you very much for your kind help. Reply avtar singh says: May 27, 2013 at 10:44 am Dear sir, one confusion is that if my conected load is 450 kw and consumption is 307 kwh then what the rating of incomming transformer please tell me brief. Reply Bala says: September 22, 2013 at 5:56 am Thank You Mr.Jignesh Parmar. Reply prit chitroda says: October 3, 2013 at 6:04 pm very usefull things u have given, thanks, Reply saad says: November 2, 2013 at 8:04 am thank you very much. Reply a test says: November 12, 2013 at 7:52 am this is a test Reply aki says:
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November 25, 2013 at 8:17 am thank uuu Reply haseebullha says: November 25, 2013 at 12:51 pm nice and simple information thanks for your eort Reply
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Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor | Electric...

Electrical Notes & Articles

Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor

(1) Demand factor:

Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor | Electric...

(2) Diversity factor / simultaneity factor (Ks):

Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor | Electric...

Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor | Electric...

Diversity Factor (ks)

Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor | Electric...

0.9 0.8 0.7 1 0.75 0.8

Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor | Electric...

(3) Load factor:

Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor | Electric...

(4) Utilization factor (Ku):

Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor | Electric...

(5) Coincidence factor:

Demand Factor & Load Factor according to Type of Industries:

Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor | Electric...

Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor | Electric...

Demand Factor & Load Factor according to Type of Buildings:

Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor | Electric...

Demand Factor-Diversity Factor-Utilization Factor-Load Factor | Electric...

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