Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

Chapter

8
TRUE/FALSE

Planning and Managing Projects

1. A project is an interrelated set of activities that has a definite starting and ending point. Answer: True Reference: Introduction Difficulty: Easy Keywords: project, activities, start, end 2. Projects often cut across organizational lines. Answer: True Reference: Introduction Difficulty: Easy Keywords: project, organizational, lines 3. Project anagers should !e a!le to organize a set of disparate activities. Answer: True Reference: "efining and #rganizing Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: project, anager, activities, disparate %. A pure project organizational structure houses the project in a specific functional area. Answer: &alse Reference: "efining and #rganizing Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: pure, project, structure, functional '. (cope creep is one of the pri ary causes of project failure. Answer: True Reference: "efining and #rganizing Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: scope, creep, failure, project ). The *or+ !rea+do*n structure is a state ent of all *or+ that has to !e co pleted. Answer: True Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: ,-(, *or+, !rea+do*n, structure
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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

.. PE/T is an acrony for project evaluation and revie* techni0ue. Answer: &alse Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: PE/T, progra , evaluation, revie*, techni0ue 1. The net*or+ diagra is a planning ethod that is designed to depict the relationships !et*een activities. Answer: True Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: net*or+, diagra , activities 2. A relationship that deter ines the se0uence for underta+ing activities is a precedence relationship. Answer: True Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Easy Keywords: precedence, relationship 13. Activity4on4node 5A#67 net*or+s ay re0uire the addition of du precedence relationship !et*een t*o activities. Answer: &alse Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: A#6, activity, node, du y, activity y activities to clarify the

11. A critical path is any se0uence of activities !et*een a project8s start and finish. Answer: &alse Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: critical, path, activities 12. The earliest start ti e is never the sa e as the latest start ti e. Answer: &alse Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Easy Keywords: start, finish, early 13. To o!tain the latest start and latest finish ti e, *e Answer: &alse Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: start, finish, latest, late ust *or+ for*ard through the net*or+.

1%. A 9antt chart is a project schedule that superi poses project activities on a ti e line. Answer: True Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: 9antt, project, schedule

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

1'. &ree slac+ is another ter for total slac+. Answer: &alse Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: free, total, slac+ 1). /is+ is a easure of the pro!a!ility and conse0uences of not reaching a defined project goal. Answer: True Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: ris+, easure, pro!a!ility 1.. The opti istic ti e is the pro!a!le ti e re0uired to perfor Answer: &alse Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Easy Keywords: opti istic, ti e, pro!a!le the activity.

11. The nor al cost is the a ount of oney it nor ally ta+es to co plete an activity faster than its nor al ti e. Answer: &alse Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Easy Keywords: nor al, cost, ti e 12. A project anager should stop crashing a project if the ti e !udget has !een have e:ceeded the savings in indirect and penalty costs. Answer: True Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: crash, cost, penalty, indirect et or if the crash costs

23. A ris+4 anage ent plan contains all identified ris+s to a project plus the *ays that they can !e circu vented. Answer: True Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: ris+, anage ent, plan 21. To develop a pro!a!ility distri!ution for project co pletion ti e, *e project activity durations are dependent. Answer: &alse Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: ris+, anage ent, plan ust ac+no*ledge that all

22. The phase of project anage ent that ta+es the ost resources is the e:ecution phase. Answer: True Reference: $onitoring and ;ontrolling Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: phase, project, anage ent, e:ecution
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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

23. ,hat4if analysis atte pts to reduce the pea+s and valleys in resource needs !y shifting the schedules of conflicting activities *ithin their earliest and latest start dates. Answer: &alse Reference: $onitoring and ;ontrolling Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: *hat4if, resource, leveling

MULT!PLE C"#!CE
2%. ,hich one of these steps in i ple enting changes co es first< a. "ocu ent the process !. Evaluate perfor ance c. "efine scope d. Identify opportunity Answer: d Reference: "efining and #rganizing Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: steps, identify, opportunity 2'. The project8s o!jective state ent should contain= a. slac+ ti e and activities. !. scope, ti e fra e, and allocated resources. c. anpo*er and ethods. d. activities, co pletion ti es, and incentives. Answer: ! Reference: "efining and #rganizing Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: o!jective, state ent, scope 2). In an activity4on4node >A#6? net*or+, the nodes represent @@@@@@@@@@@@, *hereas the arcs represent @@@@@@@@@@@@. a. activitiesA ti e !. activitiesA precedence relationships c. eventsA activities d. precedence relationshipsA ti e Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, node, arc

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

2.. In a net*or+ diagra , an activity= a. is the largest unit of *or+ effort consu ing !oth ti e and resources that a project anager can schedule and control. !. is the s allest unit of *or+ effort consu ing !oth ti e and resources that a project anager can schedule and control. c. should al*ays !e so ething the co pany has had e:perience *ith. d. ust al*ays have a single, precise esti ate for the ti e duration. Answer= ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, unit 21. ,hich one of the follo*ing state ents a!out net*or+ diagra s is T/BE< a. In an activity4on4node diagra , the nodes depict precedence relationships as *ell as activities. !. In an activity4on4arc diagra , the arcs depict the activities as *ell as the precedence relationships. c. In an activity4on4node diagra , CeventsD are used to denote the end points of arcs. d. In an activity4on4arc diagra , there is never a need to use du y activities. Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: net*or+, arc 22. Activity ; cannot !egin until !oth activities A and - have !een co pleted. Activity " cannot !egin until activity - has !een co pleted. ,hich one of the follo*ing state ents is T/BE< a. A du y activity is needed if the A#A approach is used. !. The A#A approach cannot !e used at all. c. The A#6 approach *ould re0uire ore nodes than the A#A approach for these relationships. d. The A#6 approach *ould re0uire ore arcs than the A#A approach for these relationships. Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: du y, activity 33. A project has three paths. AE-E; has a length of 2' days. AE"E; has a length of 1' days. &inally, AEEE; has a length of 23 days. ,hich one of the follo*ing state ents is T/BE< a. AE"E; is the critical path. !. AE-E; has the ost slac+. c. The e:pected duration of this project is 2' days. d. The e:pected duration of this project is 2' F 1' F 23 G )3 days. Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: project, duration

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

31. The earliest start ti e for an activity is e0ual to the= a. s allest earliest finish ti e of all of its i ediate predecessors. !. largest earliest finish ti e of all of its i ediate predecessors. c. s allest late start ti e of any of its i ediate predecessors. d. largest late finish ti e of all of its i ediate predecessors. Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, start, ti e 32. Assu e that activity 9 has the follo*ing ti es= Early start ti e G . days Early finish ti e G 13 days Hate start ti e G 1' days Hate finish ti e G 21 days ,hich of the follo*ing state ents is T/BE a!out activity 9< a. Activity 9 ta+es 1% days to co plete. !. Activity 9 has a slac+ ti e of 1 days. c. Activity 9 is on the critical path. d. Activity 9 ta+es 2 days to co plete. Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: oderate Keywords: activity, slac+ 33. Activity slac+ is defined as= a. latest start ti e inus earliest start ti e. !. earliest start ti e inus latest start ti e. c. earliest finish ti e inus latest finish ti e. d. latest finish ti e inus earliest start ti e. Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, slac+, late, early, start 3%. ,hich one of the follo*ing !est descri!es the critical path of a PE/TI;P$ net*or+< a. The se0uence of activities !et*een a project8s start and finish that ta+es the longest ti e to co plete !. The se0uence of activities !et*een a project8s start and finish that has the a:i u a ount of activity slac+ c. The set of activities that has no precedence relationships d. The se0uence of activities that has the lo*est nor al activity cost Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: critical, path

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

3'. ,hen using the !eta pro!a!ility distri!ution to esti ate activity ti es, *hich of the follo*ing state ents is T/BE< a. The project anager is usually the only person involved in a+ing ti e esti ates !ecause o!taining esti ates fro *or+ers involved in the activities *ould result in inconsistent esti ates. !. The !eta distri!ution is used as a *ay of appro:i ating a nor al pro!a!ility distri!ution for ti e esti ates. c. The use of ost opti istic, ost li+ely, and ost pessi istic ti es for an activity *ill result in a deter ination of the e:pected ti es for that activity. d. The larger the difference !et*een ost pessi istic ti e and ost opti istic ti e for an activity, the s aller *ill !e the variance of that ti e esti ate. Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: !eta, distri!ution, activity, ti es 3). ,hen using the !eta distri!ution for esti ating activity ti es= a. an advantage is that the ode of the distri!ution is al*ays e0uidistant fro the end points of the distri!ution. !. the ost li+ely ti e esti ate can !e positioned any*here !et*een the opti istic and pessi istic ti e esti ates. c. *e assu e that the standard deviation is one4third the range !et*een the opti istic and pessi istic ti e esti ates. d. the ost li+ely ti e esti ate !eco es the ean of the distri!ution. Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: !eta, distri!ution 3.. &ollo*ing are four sets of ost opti istic, ost li+ely, and ost pessi istic ti es 5in *ee+s7 for an activity. ,hich one of the four sets *ill have a ean esti ated ti e e0ual to the ost li+ely ti e< a. 1, 2, 2 !. 1, ', 2 c. 1, 1, 2 d. 1, ', ' Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: opti istic, ost, li+ely, pessi istic 31. To calculate the pro!a!ility of co pleting a project !y a certain date= a. the e:pected co pletion ti e of the project is ta+en to !e the su of the activity ti es on the shortest path. !. the variance of the distri!ution of project co pletion ti es is ta+en to !e one4si:th the difference !et*een the latest finish ti e and the earliest finish ti e of the last activity in the project. c. *e assu e that the activity durations are independent of each other so that the nor al distri!ution can !e used. d. *e need only the para eters of the !eta distri!ution for the finish node of the diagra . Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: co pletion, pro!a!ility
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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

32. If a project has ultiple critical paths, *hich of the follo*ing variances should !e used in analyzing project co pletion4ti e pro!a!ilities< a. The critical path *ith the s allest variance !. The critical path *ith the largest variance c. The su of the variances for all critical paths d. The average variance of the critical paths Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: critical, path

Figure 8.1

%3. ,hich one of the follo*ing state ents regarding &igure 1.1 is T/BE< a. An activity on arc for at of this net*or+ re0uires a du y activity. !. Activity T cannot !egin until activity B is co pleted. c. Activity B cannot !egin until activities ( and T have !egun. d. Activity K cannot !egin until activity ( has !een co pleted. Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, arc, du y %1. Bse the activity4on4node representation of the project sho*n in &igure 1.1. To convert this to activity on arc, a du y activity is needed= a. starting at the end node of activity ( and ending at the start node of activity B. !. starting at the end node of activity T and ending at the start node of activity B. c. starting at the end node of activity ( and ending at the start node of activity K. d. starting at the end node of activity T and ending at the start node of activity K. Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: du y, activity, arc

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

%2. If you *ere to convert &igure 1.1 to activity4on4arc representation, the fe*est nu !er of nodes it could have is= a. three. !. four. c. five. d. si:. Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, arc, node %3. If a project has e:actly one critical path, *hich one of the follo*ing state ents is T/BE< a. ;rashing an activity on the critical path *ill al*ays result in an increase in total project profits. !. Activities on the critical path cannot !e crashed. c. ;rashing an activity on the critical path *ill al*ays result in a reduced total project co pletion ti e. d. The !est schedule is one in *hich all activities are crashed as uch as possi!le. Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: crash, activity, critical, path %%. ,hich one of the follo*ing conditions violates the assu ptions of PE/TI;P$ net*or+s< a. (o e activities can have zero variance. !. ;osts increase linearly as activity ti e is reduced !elo* its nor al ti e. c. T*o activities tied together !y an arc are overlapping and can !e *or+ed on si ultaneously. d. There can !e ore than one critical path in a net*or+. Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: assu ption, PE/T, ;P$ %'. ,hich one of the follo*ing state ents is T/BE< a. The path in a net*or+ having the ini u slac+ is the shortest path in the net*or+. !. There is never ore than one critical path in a net*or+. c. ;rashing an activity on the critical path *ill al*ays result in an increase in total project profits. d. PE/TI;P$ assu es that t*o activities tied together !y a precedence relationship cannot !e *or+ed on si ultaneously. Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activities, precedence

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

%). In a+ing an esti ate of the ost pessi istic ti e for an activity, a anager deli!erately esti ates this ti e too high 5i.e., longer than it should !e7. ,hat is the result of this action, assu ing the !eta distri!ution is !eing used to a+e ti e esti ates< a. The ost li+ely ti e for this activity *ill !e larger than it should !e. !. The variance of the activity *ill !e s aller than it should !e. c. The !eta distri!ution *ill !e sy etric around its ean. d. The e:pected ti e for this activity *ill !e larger than it should !e. Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: pessi istic, activity Ta!le 1.1

%.. Bsing Ta!le 1.1, *hat is the earliest e:pected ti e of co pletion of the *hole project< a. &e*er than or e0ual to 12 *ee+s !. 9reater than 12 !ut fe*er than or e0ual to 21 *ee+s c. 9reater than 21 !ut fe*er than or e0ual to 2% *ee+s d. 9reater than 2% *ee+s Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: project, co pletion, ti e %1. Bsing Ta!le 1.1, *hich activity *ill have the largest a ount of slac+< a. Activity & !. Activity ; c. Activity J d. Activity A Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: slac+, activity
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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

%2. Bsing Ta!le 1.1, if the e:pected ti es for activities A, 9, and J increased !y 2, 3, and % *ee+s, respectively, !y ho* any *ee+s *ould the project8s earliest e:pected ti e of co pletion increase< a. &e*er than or e0ual to 2 *ee+s !. 9reater than 2 *ee+s !ut fe*er than or e0ual to % *ee+s c. 9reater than % *ee+s !ut fe*er than or e0ual to ) *ee+s d. 9reater than ) *ee+s Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: e:pected, ti e, activity Ta!le 1.2
Activity A B " # % & ( ) I / Immediate Predecessor(s) ----A B # % " #*( # &*) I Most Optimistic 2 2 2 ' ' + 4 Time (weeks) Most Most Likely Pessimistic 4 6 4 ! 2 2 ! $ 4 6 2 ' 4 ! ! , $ . 6

'3. Bsing Ta!le 1.2, *hat is the earliest e:pected ti e of co pletion of the *hole project< a. &e*er than or e0ual to 21 days !. 9reater than 21 !ut fe*er than or e0ual to 22 days c. 9reater than 22 !ut fe*er than or e0ual to 23 days d. 9reater than 23 days Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: ti e, co pletion, project '1. Bsing Ta!le 1.2, *hich activity is on the critical path< a. Activity " !. Activity & c. Activity 9 d. Activity L Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, critical, path

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

'2. Bsing Ta!le 1.2, if the project is due to !e co pleted in 21 days, *hat is the pro!a!ility that the project *ill !e co pleted on or !efore the due date< a. Hess than or e0ual to .'M !. 9reater than .'M !ut less than or e0ual to 1'M c. 9reater than 1'M !ut less than or e0ual to 2'M d. 9reater than 2'M Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: project, co pletion '3. If the project anager *ants at least a 21M pro!a!ility that the project *ill !e co pleted on or !efore the due date, *hat is the shortest project due date that *ill satisfy the anager< a. &e*er than or e0ual to 21 days !. 9reater than 21 days !ut fe*er than or e0ual to 33 days c. 9reater than 33 days !ut fe*er than or e0ual to 32 days d. 9reater than 32 days Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: due, date, pro!a!ility, co pletion Ta!le 1.3
Activity A B C " $ & ( Predecessor -A -C A B ")$)& Time(weeks) 8 ! # %% ' %

'%. Bsing Ta!le 1.3, *hat is the earliest co pletion ti e for this project< a. 11 *ee+s !. 12 *ee+s c. 23 *ee+s d. 21 *ee+s Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: co pletion ti e

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

''. Bsing Ta!le 1.3, *hat is the largest a ount of slac+ that any activity in the project has< a. Nero *ee+s !. T*o *ee+s c. &our *ee+s d. (i: *ee+s Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: slac+, activity '). Bsing Ta!le 1.3, *hat is the ini u nu !er of activities that *ould have to !e delayed to cause an increase in the project8s earliest co pletion date< a. #ne activity !. T*o activities c. Three activities d. &our or ore activities Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: delay, co pletion, activity '.. Bsing Ta!le 1.3, *hat is the ini u nu !er of activities that *ould have to !e crashed to cause a decrease in the project8s earliest co pletion date< a. #ne activity !. T*o activities c. Three activities d. &our or ore activities Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, crash, co pletion '1. Bsing Ta!le 1.3, *hat is the early start ti e for activity "< a. ,ee+ 2 !. ,ee+ % c. ,ee+ . d. ,ee+ 3 Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: early, start, activity '2. Bsing Ta!le 1.3, *hat is the latest finish ti e for activity ;< a. ,ee+ % !. ,ee+ ) c. ,ee+ 1 d. ,ee+ 13 Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: late, finish, activity
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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

)3. Bsing Ta!le 1.3, *hat is the slac+ associated *ith activity -< a. 1 *ee+ !. 2 *ee+s c. 3 *ee+s d. 6one of these is the correct activity slac+ for -. Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: slac+, activity Ta!le 1.%
Activity Predecessor A -B -C A " B $ C & " ( " / $)& a % + ' 8 + # All times in days m * + ' ! ! , # # %. %+ % ! %% %'

)1. Bsing Ta!le 1.%, the e:pected ti e for activity ; is= a. three days. !. four days. c. five days. d. ore than five days. Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: e:pected, ti e, activity )2. Bsing Ta!le 1.%, *hat is the latest finish ti e for activity "< a. -et*een % and ) days !. -et*een ) and 1 days c. -et*een 1 and 13 days d. $ore than 13 days Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: latest, finish, pro!a!ilistic

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

)3. Bsing Ta!le 1.%, *hat is the variance for activity &< a. 1.33 !. 1..1 c. 2.3% d. 2.)2 Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, variance )%. Bsing Ta!le 1.%, *hat is the standard deviation for the entire project< a. 1.31 !. 1.1. c. 1..1 d. 2.22 Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: critical, path, standard, deviation )'. Bsing Ta!le 1.%, *hat is the chance that the project *ill !e co pleted *ithin 32 days< a. 6ot !loody li+ely !. A!out 13M c. A!out 2'M d. A!out %3M Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: pro!a!ility, project, co pletion, pro!a!ilistic )). Bsing Ta!le 1.%, *hich activity is on the critical path< a. Activity A !. Activity ; c. Activity E d. Activity J Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: critical, path, activity

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

Ta0le +1. Activity Predecessor Time (days) A -+ B -6 " -' # A*B $ % " + & A . ( #*% ' ) ( 4

).. Bsing Ta!le 1.', *hat is the earliest co pletion ti e of this project< a. 23 days !. 2' days c. 2. days d. 22 days Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: project, early, finish )1. Bsing Ta!le 1.', *here is a du y activity re0uired *hen this project is s+etched in activity on arc for at< a. &ro the end of A to the start of " !. &ro the end of A to the start of & c. &ro the end of - to the start of " d. &ro the end of - to the start of & Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: du y, activity, A#A )2. Bsing Ta!le 1.', *hat is the late start ti e for activity E< a. "ay 1 !. "ay 13 c. "ay 12 d. "ay 1% Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, late, start

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

.3. Bsing Ta!le 1.', *hat is the earliest that activity " can !e finished< a. 11 days !. 1 days c. 13 days d. 2' days Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, late, finish .1. "isaster stri+es and activity & ta+es 23 days instead of the anticipated ' days. Bsing Ta!le 1.', ho* uch longer *ill the project last than initially esti ated< a. 1' days !. 3 days c. . days d. 3 days Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: project, late, finish .2. Bsing Ta!le 1.', every day the construction cre* is on4site costs O1333. ,hat activities *ould you consider crashing to reduce the project co pletion cost< a. Activity E !. Activity & c. Activity 9 d. All of these activities *ould !e candidates for crashing. Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: project, crash .3. Bsing Ta!le 1.', ho* any days can activity ; !e delayed *ithout changing the *hole project8s earliest co pletion ti e< a. 3 days !. 2 days c. ' days d. . days Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: slac+, activity

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

Ta!le 1.)

.%. Bsing Ta!le 1.), *hat is the critical path for this project< a. -EEEJEL !. -EEEJEP c. AEEE9EP d. ;E&EIEH Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: critical, path .'. Bsing Ta!le 1.), suppose activity " can !e shortened fro four days to one day. Assu e all other activity ti es re ain the sa e. Jo* uch shorter *ill the total project earliest co pletion ti e !eco e< a. Nero days !. #ne day c. T*o days d. Three days Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: earliest, co pletion .). Bsing Ta!le 1.), suppose activity I is delayed, ta+ing eight days to co plete instead of t*o days. Assu e all other activity ti es re ain the sa e. Jo* uch longer *ill the total project earliest co pletion ti e !eco e< a. Nero days !. #ne or t*o days c. Three or four days d. &ive or si: days Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: project, earliest, co pletion
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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

... Bsing Ta!le 1.), *hat is the latest start ti e for activity A< a. "ay 3 !. "ay 1 c. "ay 2 d. "ay 3 or later Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: latest, start, ti e, activity Ta!le 1..

.1. Bsing Ta!le 1.., *hat is the earliest co pletion ti e of the project< a. &e*er than or e0ual to 13 *ee+s !. 9reater than 13 *ee+s !ut fe*er than or e0ual to 13 *ee+s c. 9reater than 13 *ee+s !ut fe*er than or e0ual to 1) *ee+s !. 9reater than 1) *ee+s Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: earliest, co pletion, ti e, project .2. Bsing Ta!le 1.., *hat is the critical path of the a!ove project< a. -E;EEE& !. -E;E& c. AE"E& d. AE;EEE& Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: critical, path 13. Bsing Ta!le 1.., *hat is the slac+ for activity A< a. 3 *ee+s !. 1 *ee+ c. 2 *ee+s d. 3 or ore *ee+s Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, slac+
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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

Ta0le +1+ Activity A B C " $ ( & /

0ormal Time Predecessor (days) -, --, A %. B B ! A)C $)")(

Crashing Crashing Time Cost1day (days) % 2+.. % 2,.. % 2+.. + 2'.. % 2!.. % 2,.. + 2 ,. % 2',.

11. Bsing Ta!le 1.1, *hat is the critical path for this uncrashed project< a. AE"EJ !. ;E& c. -EEEJ d. -E9EJ Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: critical, path 12. Bsing Ta!le 1.1, *hat is the ini u co pletion ti e for this project after crashing< a. 23 days !. 21 days c. 12 days d. 1. days Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: co pletion, ti e, project, critical, path 13. Bsing Ta!le 1.1, *hat is the ini u a. O3%'3 !. O1'3 c. O11'3 d. O1'33 Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: crash, cost crashing cost to finish this project in 11 days<

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

1%. Bsing Ta!le 1.1, *hat is the activity *ith the greatest a ount of slac+< a. A !. c. ; d. " Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, slac+ 1'. Bsing Ta!le 1.1, *hat is the latest start ti e for activity E< a. "ay . !. "ay 1 c. "ay 2 d. "ay 13 Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, slac+ 1). Bsing Ta!le 1.1, if the project ust !e s+etched in activity on arc for at, ho* activities are re0uired< a. Nero !. #ne c. T*o d. Three Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, arc, du y any du y

1.. Bsing Ta!le 1.1, *hat is the earliest possi!le co pletion ti e for activity E after crashing< a. "ay 11 !. "ay 13 c. "ay 1' d. "ay 1. Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, early, finish

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

Ta!le 1.2 11. Bsing Ta!le 1.2, *hat is the earliest co pletion ti e of this project *ithout crashing< a. &e*er than 11 *ee+s !. 11 *ee+s c. 12 *ee+s d. $ore than 12 *ee+s Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: earliest, co pletion, ti e, project 12. Bsing Ta!le 1.2, if activity - is crashed !y 2 *ee+s, *hat is the ne* earliest co pletion ti e of the project< a. &e*er than 11 *ee+s !. 11 *ee+s c. 12 *ee+s d. $ore than 12 *ee+s Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: earliest, crash, co pletion, ti e 23. Bsing Ta!le 1.2, and assu ing all activities e:cept ", &, J, and L are availa!le to !e crashed, *hat is the ini u cost to !e incurred in reducing the total project earliest co pletion ti e !y one *ee+< a. O3,333 !. O),333 c. O1,333 d. O13,333 Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: earliest, co pletion, ti e, crash, cost

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

Ta!le 1.13

21. Bsing Ta!le 1.13, *hat is the earliest co pletion ti e of this project if nor al ti es are used for all activities< a. &e*er than 13 *ee+s !. 13 *ee+s c. 1% *ee+s d. $ore than 1% *ee+s Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: earliest, co pletion, ti e 22. Bsing Ta!le 1.13, *hat is the ini u ti e schedule for this project< a. &e*er than 1 *ee+s !. 1 *ee+s c. 2 *ee+s d. $ore than 2 *ee+s Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: ini u , ti e, schedule 23. Bsing Ta!le 1.13, if the project co pletion ti e has to !e reduced !y one *ee+, *hich of the follo*ing activities should !e crashed to ini ize the e:tra cost of earlier co pletion< a. Activity !. Activity E c. Activity J d. Activity P Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: project, co pletion, crash

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

2%. Bsing Ta!le 1.13, *hat is the difference, in dollars, !et*een the ini u 4ti e schedule and the schedule created !y crashing all activities to their li its< Assu e that there are no indirect or penalty costs. a. Hess than or e0ual to O1333 !. 9reater than O1333 !ut less than or e0ual to O2333 c. 9reater than O2333 !ut less than or e0ual to O3333 d. 9reater than O3333 Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: crash, cost, ti e, project 2'. Bsing Ta!le 1.13, if the project8s nor al earliest co pletion ti e is to !e reduced !y t*o *ee+s, *hat is the ini u additional cost that *ill !e incurred in achieving this t*o4*ee+ reduction< a. Hess than or e0ual to O1333 !. 9reater than O1333 !ut less than or e0ual to O1'33 c. 9reater than O1'33 !ut less than or e0ual to O2333 d. 9reater than O2333 Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: cost, crash, ti e Ta!le 1.11 All activity ti es for the project are in *ee+s.

2). Bsing Ta!le 1.11, *hat is the critical path of this project< a. AE;E&EJ !. -E"E&EJ c. -E"E9 d. -EEE9 Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: critical, path

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

2.. Bsing Ta!le 1.11, *hat is the e:pected ti e of co pletion of the project< a. &e*er than 22 *ee+s !. 22 *ee+s c. 23 *ee+s d. 9reater than 23 *ee+s Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: e:pected, co pletion, ti e, project 21. Bsing Ta!le 1.11, *hat is the pro!a!ility that the project *ill !e co pleted in 2% or fe*er *ee+s< a. Hess than or e0ual to ''M !. 9reater than ''M !ut less than or e0ual to )'M c. 9reater than )'M !ut less than or e0ual to .'M d. 9reater than .'M Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: pro!a!ility, projection, co pletion 22. Bsing Ta!le 1.11, if the e:pected ti e for activity E is changed to nine *ee+s, !y ho* *ill the project8s e:pected co pletion ti e increase< a. It *ill not change. !. It *ill increase !y one *ee+. c. It *ill increase !y t*o *ee+s. d. It *ill increase !y three or ore *ee+s. Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: e:pected, activity, project, co pletion any *ee+s

Ta!le 1.12 Qou are responsi!le for anaging a project *ith the follo*ing activities 5ti es are given in *ee+s7.

133. Bsing Ta!le 1.12, *hat is the critical path and e:pected co pletion ti e for this project< a. AE"EEA 1. *ee+s !. AE;A 11 *ee+s c. -EEA 1% *ee+s d. AE"EEA 11 *ee+s Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: critical, path, project
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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

131. Bsing Ta!le 1.12, *hich activity has the largest slac+, and ho* large is that slac+< a. Activity ;A five *ee+s !. Activity AA si: *ee+s c. Activity -A four *ee+s d. Activity EA three *ee+s Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, slac+ 132. Bsing Ta!le 1.12, *hat is the pro!a!ility of co pleting the project in 1. or fe*er *ee+s< a. Hess than or e0ual to %3M !. 9reater than %3M !ut less than or e0ual to ''M c. 9reater than ''M !ut less than or e0ual to .3M d. 9reater than .3M Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: project, pro!a!ility, co pletion 133. Bsing Ta!le 1.12, *hat is the pro!a!ility that the project *ill ta+e 1) or a. Hess than or e0ual to %3M !. 9reater than %3M !ut less than or e0ual to ''M c. 9reater than ''M !ut less than or e0ual to .3M d. 9reater than .3M Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: pro!a!ility, project, co pletion ore *ee+s to co plete<

13%. Bsing Ta!le 1.12, if the e:pected ti e for activity - is changed to 11 *ee+s, !y ho* *ill the project8s e:pected co pletion ti e increase< a. It *ill not change. !. It *ill increase !y one or t*o *ee+s. c. It *ill increase !y three or four *ee+s. d. It *ill increase !y ore than four *ee+s. Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: project, co pletion, ti e

any *ee+s

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

Ta!le 1.13 Qou are responsi!le for

anaging a project *ith the follo*ing activities 5ti es are given in days7.

13'. Bsing, Ta!le 1.13, *hat is the critical path and e:pected co pletion ti e for this project< a. AE&A 12 days !. AE"E9A 12 days c. -E9A 13 days d. ;EEE9A 1 days Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: critical, path 13). Bsing, Ta!le 1.13, *hich of the follo*ing activities has the largest a ount of slac+< a. Activity !. Activity " c. Activity E d. Activity & Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, slac+ 13.. Assu ing a !eta distri!ution is !eing used, if the ost pessi istic ti e for an activity increases !y si: *ee+s, *hat *ill happen to the e:pected ti e for that activity< a. It *ill increase !y one *ee+. !. It *ill decrease !y one *ee+. c. It *ill increase !y si: *ee+s. d. It *ill re ain the sa e. Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: !eta, distri!ution, pessi istic, ti e

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

131. The pro!a!ility that a project *ill !e co pleted !y its earliest e:pected co pletion date is= a. '3 percent. !. 2' percent. c. 133 percent. d. i possi!le to deter ine. Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: pro!a!ility, co pletion 132. If the su of the variances on the critical path 5and all other net*or+ paths7 is e0ual to zero, *hat is the pro!a!ility that the project *ill !e co pleted !y its earliest e:pected co pletion date< a. '3 percent !. 2' percent c. 133 percent d. It cannot !e deter ined. Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: variance, e:pected, co pletion, pro!a!ility 113. A project is currently scheduled to !e finished on its nor al earliest co pletion date. The project anager has the opportunity to earn a !onus if the project can !e co pleted three *ee+s ahead of schedule. The increase in project direct costs related to crashing activities *ould !e O%3,333. Also, project indirect costs are O1',333 per *ee+. ,hat is the s allest !onus that the project anager should accept if he or she *ants to avoid increasing overall project costs< a. Hess than or e0ual to O'333 !. 9reater than O'333 !ut less than or e0ual to O13,333 c. 9reater than O13,333 !ut less than or e0ual to O1',333 d. 9reater than O1',333 Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: crash, cost 111. Qou are given the follo*ing infor ation a!out activity A= 6or al ti e G 2 *ee+s ;rash ti e G . *ee+s 6or al cost G O23,333 ;rash cost G O33,333 ,hat *ill it cost to co plete activity A in 1 *ee+s< a. Hess than or e0ual to O2%,333 !. 9reater than O2%,333 !ut less than or e0ual to O2.,333 c. 9reater than O2.,333 !ut less than or e0ual to O33,333 d. 9reater than O33,333 Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, crash, cost

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

112. Qou are given the follo*ing infor ation a!out activity -= 6or al ti e G 2 *ee+s ;rash ti e G ' *ee+s ;ost to crash per *ee+ G O2333 ;rash cost G O%1,333 ,hat *ill it cost to co plete activity - in ) *ee+s< a. Hess than or e0ual to O3%,333 !. 9reater than O3%,333 !ut less than or e0ual to O3),333 c. 9reater than O3),333 !ut less than or e0ual to O31,333 d. 9reater than O31,333 Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, crash, cost 113. Qou are given the follo*ing infor ation a!out activity &= 6or al ti e G 1) *ee+s ;rash ti e G 13 *ee+s ;rash cost G O%',333 ;ost to crash per *ee+ G O2,333 ,hat is the nor al cost for activity &< a. 9reater than or e0ual to O'',333 !. Hess than O'',333 !ut greater than or e0ual to O%.,333 c. Hess than O%.,333 !ut greater than or e0ual to O%3,333 d. Hess than O%3,333 Answer: a Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, crash, cost 11%. A co pany could add O13,333 per *ee+ in revenues if the project depicted in Ta!le 1.1% could !e shortened.

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

Ta!le 1.1%

&our possi!le options e:ist to crash activities= crash A !y one *ee+ at a cost of O)333A crash ; !y t*o *ee+s at a cost of O1',333A crash E !y one *ee+ at a cost of O2333A and crash I one *ee+ at a cost of O.333. ,hat is the a:i u a ount of additional profit that can !e ade !y crashing an option 5or options7< a. Hess than or e0ual to O%333 !. 9reater than O%333 !ut less than or e0ual to O1333 c. 9reater than O1333 !ut less than or e0ual to O12,333 d. 9reater than O12,333 Answer: ! Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: crash, project, co pletion 11'. A good ris+ anage ent plan *ill contain *hich of these ele ents< a. The project anager8s tolerance level for ris+ !. The nu !er of accepta!le outco es c. A prediction of the i pact of each ris+ on the project d. The nu !er of unaccepta!le outco es Answer: c Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: ris+, anage ent, plan 11). A plan that identifies +ey threats to a project and prescri!es *ays to circu vent the a. project plan. !. contingency plan. c. !ac+up plan. d. ris+ anage ent plan. Answer: d Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: ris+, anage ent is called a=

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

F!LL !* T"E +LA*,

11.. A5n7 @@@@@@@@@@@@ is an interrelated set of activities that has a definite starting and ending point and that results in a uni0ue outco e for a specific allocation of resources. Answer: project Reference: Introduction Difficulty: Easy Keywords: project, activities 111. The @@@@@@@@@@@@ is a state ent of all *or+ that has to !e co pleted. Answer: *or+ !rea+do*n structure 5,-(7 Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: ,-(, *or+, !rea+do*n, structure 112. @@@@@@@@@@@@ deter ines the se0uence for underta+ing activities. Answer: Precedence relationship Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: precedence, relationship, se0uence 123. The @@@@@@@@@@@@ is the se0uence of activities !et*een a project8s start and finish that ta+es the longest ti e to co plete. Answer: critical path Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: critical, path 121. @@@@@@@@@@@@ is the a:i u length of ti e that an activity can !e delayed *ithout delaying the entire project. Answer: Activity slac+ Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: slac+, activity 122. The @@@@@@@@@@@@ is the shortest possi!le ti e to co plete the activity. Answer: crash ti e Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: crash, ti e 123. The @@@@@@@@@@@@ is deter ined !y starting *ith the nor al ti e schedule and crashing activities along the critical path in such a *ay that the costs of crashing do not e:ceed the savings in indirect and penalty costs. Answer: ini u 4cost schedule Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: cost, schedule, ini u

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

12%. A5n7 @@@@@@@@@@@@ identifies the +ey threats to a project and prescri!es *ays to *or+ around the . Answer: ris+4 anage ent plan Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: ris+, anage ent, project 12'. The @@@@@@@@@@@@ is the shortest ti e in *hich an activity can !e co pleted if all goes e:ceptionally *ell. Answer: opti istic ti e Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: opti istic, ti e 12). @@@@@@@@@@@@ occurs *hen the assu ptions used to co pute planned slac+ are invalid and activities are pushed !eyond their planned latest start dates. Answer: 6egative slac+ Reference: $onitoring and ;ontrolling Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: negative, slac+, start 12.. To find the standard deviation of the critical path, you ust first add the @@@@@@@@@@@@ of all activities on the critical path. Answer: variances Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: standard, deviation, variance, critical, path 121. The phase of project anage ent that ta+es the ost resources is the @@@@@@@@@@@@, during *hich anagers focus on activities that pertain to delivera!les. Answer: e:ecution phase Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: Jard Keywords: e:ecution, phase, resources 122. @@@@@@@@@@@@ is an atte pt to reduce the pea+s and valleys in resource needs !y shifting the schedules of conflicting activities *ithin their earliest and latest start dates. Answer: /esource leveling Reference: $onitoring and ;ontrolling Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: resource, leveling

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

S"#RT A*S-ERS
133. ,hy is +no*ing the critical path in a project i portant< Answer: The critical path of activities deter ines the ti e duration of the project. Any slippage along the critical path eans the project *ill !e delayed. Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: critical, path, project 131. ,hy do anagers *ant to +no* the slac+ of activities< Answer: $anagers onitor activity slac+ reports to identify activities that have fallen !ehind schedule or are dangerously close to doing so. Also, activities *ith large a ounts of slac+ ight afford a reduction in resources so that other activities !ehind schedule can catch up. Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: activity, slac+ 132. ,hat characteristics should a project anager possess< Answer: Project anagers should !e good otivators, teachers, and co unicators. They should !e a!le to organize a set of disparate activities and *or+ *ith personnel fro a variety of disciplines. Reference: "efining and #rganizing Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: project, anager, characteristics 133. ,hat is a ris+4 anage ent plan and ho* *as the construction of ;oors &ield assisted !y such a plan< Answer: A ris+ anage ent plan identifies the +ey ris+s to a project and prescri!es *ays to circu vent the . In the construction of ;oors &ield, planned start ti es and the durations of any construction activities had to !e altered !ecause of occurrences unrelated to construction. -ecause land ac0uisition too+ longer than anticipated, construction !egan out of se0uence to aintain progress. The stadiu capacity *as revised up*ard three ti es, *hich caused redesigns in the venue and changes in construction activities. ;itizen advisory eetings surfaced concerns a!out par+ing and traffic issues that resulted in ne* plans. Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: ris+, anage ent

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

13%. "escri!e ho* ti eEcost tradeoffs for project activities should !e identified and analyzed. Answer: There are al*ays ti eEcost tradeoffs in project anage ent situations. #verall project length is driven !y the length of the critical path, so if it is necessary to finish the project ore 0uic+ly, the activities that should !e shortened are those on the critical path. ,hether the goal is to reduce the project8s length to avoid a penalty, eet a deadline, or to reach an incentive, the cheapest activities on the critical path should !e attac+ed first. If the o!jective is to ini ize costs, then the project anager should reduce the critical path !y e:pediting activities until the increase in direct costs e:ceeds the savings that can !e gained. If the o!jective is to finish the project in a certain nu !er of days, the project anager ust continue to reduce activity lengths until that target is reached regardless of e:pense. Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: ti e, cost, e:pedite 13'. ,hat options do project anagers have to alleviate resource pro!le s< -riefly descri!e each ethod. Answer= The ethods are resource leveling, resource allocation, and resource ac0uisition. /esource leveling atte pts to reduce the pea+s and valleys in resource needs !y shifting the schedules of conflicting activities *ithin their earliest and latest start dates. /esource allocation atte pts to shift resources fro activities *ith slac+ to those on the critical path *here resources are overloaded. /esource ac0uisition adds ore of an overloaded resource to aintain the schedule of activity. Reference: $onitoring and ;ontrolling Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: resource, leveling, allocation, ac0uisition

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

PR#+LEMS
13). "ra* the net*or+ corresponding to the follo*ing infor ation. Also, co plete the ta!le, identify the critical path, and specify project co pletion ti e.
Activity A B " # % & ( ) Activity A B " # % & ( ) Immediate Predecessor(s) 444 444 A ;," ",E 9,& %arliest 3tart Time (2eeks) 3 % ) 2 ) ) 1 2 %arliest &i4is5 Latest 3tart Latest &i4is5 3lack

Answer:

Activity

%arliest 3tart

%arliest &i4is5 2&&

Latest 3tart

Latest &i4is5

3lack

Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects A B " # % & ( ) 3 3 3 % % 13 13 21 3 % 2 13 13 12 21 33 ) 3 2 % . 1' 13 21 2 % 1' 13 13 21 21 33 ) 3 ) 3 3 2 3 3

;ritical path is -E"E9EJ, and project co pletion ti e is 33 *ee+s. Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: early, late, start, finish, critical 13.. ;onsider the tas+s, durations, and predecessor relationships in the follo*ing net*or+. "ra* the net*or+ and ans*er the 0uestions that follo*.
Activity #escriptio4 A B " # % & ( ) I Immediate Predecessor(s) 444 A A ", ; ; & & E, 9, J I Optimistic (2eeks) % 2 1 1 ) 2 2 ) % 1 Most Likely (2eeks) . 1 12 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 Pessimistic (2eeks) 13 23 1) 3 22 % 2 13 12 3

a. !. c. d. e. f.

,hat is the e:pected ti e for activity -< ,hat is the variance for activity -< -ased on the calculation of esti ated ti es, *hat is the critical path< ,hat is the esti ated ti e of the critical path< ,hat is the activity variance along the critical path< ,hat is the pro!a!ility of co pletion of the project !efore *ee+ %2<

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

Answer:

a. Te = a + 4m + b / 6 = 2 + 4(8) + 20 / 6 = 9.00 Wee s !. 2 = (( b a ) / 6 ) 2 = (( 20 2) / 6) 2 = 9.00 c. AE;E&EJEIEP d. %3 ,ee+s e. 1 F 1..1 F .11 F .%% F 1..1 F .11 G '.22 T Te 42 40 = = .8"! A therefore, the pro!a!ility fro the standard nor al ta!le is f. z = !.22 2 appro:i ately .11. 6ote that the varia!ility of so e non4critical path activities is large. ;onsideration ight !e given to those paths.
Activity A ; " E & 9 J I P a % 2 1 1 ) 2 2 ) % 1 m . 1 12 2 1 3 2 1 1 2 %6pected Time 13 . 23 1) 3 22 % 2 13 12 3 2 12 2 13 3 2 1 1 2 0 7aria4ce 1 2 1......1 3.111111 ..111111 3.111111 3 3.%%%%%% 1......1 3.111111

Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: variance, pro!a!ility, activity, path

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

131. The follo*ing ta!le contains a list of activities, *ith early4 and late4start and finish ti es and crash costs for the net*or+ sho*n in the figure. All start and finish ti es and crash costs are on a per4*ee+ !asis. Each activity can !e reduced !y one *ee+ at the ost. a. "eter ine the uncrashed activity lengths for activities A though L. !. "eter ine the ini u co pletion cost for this project if each *ee+ carries a fi:ed cost of O1,333.
Activity A B " # % & ( ) I / $3 $ . . $ 6 , $& . , 6 $ 4 ! + 26 2 '4 43 $ ' . ! ! 6 + 22 26 4& . ! ! 22 22 + 26 26 '4 Cost1week

+ ! 26

F B J A C D E G K

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Chapter 8 Planning and Managing Projects

Answer: #. Activity lengths for AEP can !e found !y su!tracting the early start of each activity fro start of each activity. The activity lengths appear in this ta!le=
Activity A B " # % & ( ) I / 4ength . 4 6 6 4 . 6 ! + 4 + 43 $ ' . ! ! 6 + 22 26 4& . ! ! 22 22 + 26 26 '4 Cost1week 8 * $$ 82.$ 8 *2$$ 8'.$ 8,$$ 8+!. 8 *.$$ 8.$$ 8'$$ 862. 8!.$

the late

$. The critical path is A;JIL G 3% *ee+s. #ther paths are "EJIL G 33A A;9PL G 22A "E9PL G 21A and A-&PL G 2). ,ith a fi:ed cost of O1,333I*ee+, the initial cost is 3% *ee+s R O1,333 G O3%,333. The cheapest critical4path activity is I R O333, so reducing I fro 1 *ee+s to . *ee+s costs O333 !ut saves O1,333, resulting in a net savings of O.33. %&e ne't c&e#(est critic#l)(#t& #cti*ity is + , -!00. so reducin/ + fro0 " wee s to 6 wee s costs -!00 $ut s#*es -1.000. for # net s#*in/s of -!00. The ne:t cheapest critical4path activity is L R O.'3, so reducing L fro 1 *ee+s to . *ee+s costs O.'3 !ut saves O1,333, for a net savings of O2'3. %&e ot&er two #cti*ities on t&e critic#l (#t& #re 0ore e'(ensi*e to cr#s& t&#n t&e (en#lty cost. so t&e c&e#(est co0(letion ti0e is 24 wee s 3 2 wee s (4. +. K) 5 21 wee s for # cost of -21.000 (lus t&e cr#s& costs of -200 6 -!00 6 -"!0 5 -22.!!0. Reference: Planning Projects Difficulty: $oderate Keywords: crash, early, late, start

28)