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Roll No. 14: Vaibhav Baid
Rarely Enough time or money to gather information from everyone or everything in a population.
Sampling
Process of selecting units (e.g., people, organizations) from a population of interest so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize our results back to the population from which they were chosen.
Inference
Population
Sample
Importance of Sampling
Significance Saves Money
Saves Time & Energy Makes Available more detailed Information For measuring Physically Damaging Processes Smaller Non-Response
Types of Sampling
Every element has a known Non-Zero probability of being sampled Involves random selection at some point
Non Random Sampling: Some elements of the population have no chance of selection or where the probability of selection cant be accurately determined.
Sampling Terminology
Population: entire collection of people or things you are interested in. Sample: subset of some of the units in the population.
Unit of Analysis is the type of object of interest. N = the number of cases in sampling Frame n = No. of Cases in Sample f = n/N = Sampling Fraction
LBSIM
Lottery method
A table of random numbers, a computer random number generator, or a mechanical device to select the sample.
Best suits situations where not much information is available about the population
LBSIM
Advantages
Simple Requires minimum advance knowledge of the population
Disadvantages
Need of a complete list of all the members of the population Not statistically efficient method Doesnt represent Subgroup in population
LBSIM
Oceania
USA
Asia
200 700
25
25
100
Useful when groups within the population are homogeneous and you are interested in studying those groups.
Advantages
Represents population and its subgroups (Draw Inferences about Groups) More statistical precision than Simple Random Sampling Different Sampling approaches can be applied to different strata
Disadvantages
Identifying Strata and Implementing the process can be Complex Not useful when there are no homogeneous subgroups
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10
Useful when Units in the population are randomly ordered atleast with respect to characteristic that we are measuring
LBSIM
Advantages
Useful for selecting large samples Less cumbersome than Simple Random Sample
Disadvantages
Vulnerable to periodicities
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Advantages
Reduce Travel & Administrative Cost Does not require Sampling Frame listing all elements in Population Can Show regional Variations
Disadvantages
Variability of Sample Estimate Increases if clusters differ between themselves
LBSIM
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In the original sample, 52.2% (523) were women and 47.8% (478) were men. The variable of respondent sex was identified by the variable called "sex." This item coded a person as Male (coded as 1) or Female (coded as 2).
LBSIM