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Basic Web Designer Questions

1. Where would you place the most important item on a Web page? (Where is the sweet spot?) Skill Level: Low Expected answer: Since people tend to read left to right and top to bottom, they most often loo at the upper!left corner first, which ma es this an e"cellent place to put important items. #f course you ha$e to consider your target audience as some cultures do read bottom to top% Score: &otes: '. (ow many of the a$ailable colors should you use when designing a Web page? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: )t is best to use a limited palette because a simple design is less distracting to the reader. Score: &otes: *. &ame some of the important considerations when choosing colors for a Web design? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: +oes the color con$ey the right message? )s it true to the theme? )s it readable? )s it comfortable to the eye? )s the le$el of contrast appropriate? +o the colors match those in the company or product logo? Score: &otes:

,. What other design factors can influence readability of a Web page? Skill Level: Low Expected answer(s): -ont si.e and line length. / small font si.e can cause eye strain. Long lines of te"t are harder to read. 0he width of the Web page. While users with larger screens might be able to $iew your Web page 1ust fine, users with smaller screens may be forced to scroll left and right to $iew the entire page. #ne must account for the screen si.es of the target audience. Score: &otes: 2. 3an you e"plain the use of the 4bloc 5uote6 78 94bloc 5uote69 tag? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: +esigners use it to add white space to all sides of a gi$en bloc of te"t. )t is often used to signify content that has been 5uoted from another source. Score: &otes: :. Why is blan space an important part of Web page design? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: )t allows the reader;s eyes to rest and encourages focus on the important te"t or images on the page. Score: &otes: <. )s it appropriate to ma e entire sentences into lin s?

Skill Level: Low Expected answer: Single word lin s or small phrases are easier to read and are much less aw ward. Score: &otes: =. What is the tag for a table? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 4table6 Score: &otes: >. What is the tag for a table row? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 4tr6 Score: &otes: 1?. What is the tag for a table cell? Skill Level: Low Expected answer:
<td>

Score: &otes: 1. When would you use the colspan 78 9colspan9 modifier?

Skill Level: Low Expected answer: @se colspan to ma e a table cell in one row stretch hori.ontally across multiple table cells in ad1acent columns. Score: &otes: '. +escribe the use of the rowspan 78 9rowspan9 modifier. Skill Level: Low Expected answer: )t is used to ma e a table cell in one column stretch $ertically across multiple table cells in ad1acent rows. Score: &otes: *. What is ASS 78 9ASS9 ? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: Aeally Simple Syndication 78 9Aeally Simple Syndication9 (ASS 78 9ASS9 ) is an 7BL 78 97BL9 !based format for content distribution that is used to syndicate Web content. Score: &otes: ,. What is a 3SS 78 93SS9 ? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 3ascading Style Sheets 78 93ascading Style Sheets9 are remote design sheets that are used to control the appearance of Web pages. Cointing multiple pages to the same 3SS simplifies the process of ma ing changes

to the format on all the pages simultaneously by modifying the common 3SS that defines their appearance. Score: &otes: 2. (ow can the use of 3SS 78 93SS9 speed the download of Web pages? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: @sing 3SS to define the page styles decreases the amount of code in the indi$idual pages ma ing them load faster into the browser. #nce the browser loads the 3SS one time it no longer has to wait for the design specifications to load for subse5uent pages that utili.e the same 3SS. Score: &otes: :. (ow could you mo$e a component from the left to the right side of Web pages that reference a common 3SS 78 93SS9 that uses the 3SS positioning attributes? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: )f you used 3SS 78 93SS9 !C in the original design, you can ma e a change to the 9float9 or 9position9 attributes in the remote design sheet to alter the page. 0his change would be reflected on e$ery page that referenced the altered design sheet. Score: &otes: <. What is the W*3 78 9W*39 ? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 0he W*3 78 9W*39 is a consortium that creates Web technology standards such as the specified $ersions of (0BL.

Score: &otes: =. /ccording to the W*3 78 9W*39 , what is a deprecated attribute? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: / deprecated attribute is one that is outdated due to new de$elopments. +eprecated attributes could e$entually become obsolete so should be used with caution. Score: &otes: >. What is 3/C03(/ 78 93/C03(/9 ? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: / 3ompletely /utomated Cublic 0uring test used to tell 3omputers and (umans /part that was de$eloped by Aesearchers at 3arnegie Bellon @ni$ersity to protect information from automatic retrie$al by computers. -or e"ample when one does an )nternic 78 9)nternic9 DW(#)SE search of domain name registrars they are re5uired to read and enter the information from a distorted graphic into a form before accessing the domain records. Score: &otes: 1?. What is SSL 78 9SSL9 ? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 0he Secure Soc ets Layer is a point to point protocol that sends encrypted data from one point to another where it is then decrypted for $iewing.

Score: &otes: 11. What is an )C address 78 9)C address9 ? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: /n )C address 78 9)C address9 is a *'!bit numeric identifier that is written as four numbers ranging from .ero to '22 that are separated by periods. -or e"ample, '.1'?.11.'?? is the correct format of an )C address. /n )C address is used to identify a computer or de$ice on a networ using the 03CF)C 78 903CF)C9 protocol to route messages. Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG Skill Level: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

Adobe Photoshop Questions


@se the following 5uestions to e$aluate a candidate;s s ill le$el in relation to the use of /dobe Chotoshop 78 9/dobe Chotoshop9 :.?. F<.? 0he following 5uestions are based on beginner to Bedium le$el /dobe Chotoshop e"pertise. 1. What are the steps to create an image? Level: Bedium Expected answer:
Select File6New 8nter a name for the image and specify its dimensions, resolution and color mode.

Specify whether to fill the image with White, current Background Color, or Transparent. Select OK

Score: &otes: '. What are two ways to browse for an e"isting file? Level: Bedium Expected answer:
Select File Browse Select the folder where the image is located +ouble!3lic on the image you want to open

#r
Select Window -ile Hrowser Select the folder where the image is located +ouble!3lic on the image you want to open

#r
Select File Open Select the folder where the image is located +ouble!3lic on the image you want to open

Score: &otes: *. +escribe how to change an e"isting image si.e. Level: Bedium Expected answer:
#pen the image Select Image Image i!e 8nter the new width and height Select OK

Score: &otes: ,. What are the steps to show or hide the 0ools window? Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0o show the 0ools window, select Window how Tools 0o hide the 0ools window, select Window "ide Tools Score: &otes:

2. What is the default file e"tension of a file sa$ed from /dobe Chotoshop 78 9/dobe Chotoshop9 ? Level: Bedium Expected answer: I.CS+,I.C++ Score: &otes: :. +escribe how to enter te"t on an image. Level: Bedium Expected answer:
#pen the image Select DTE from the Tools window 3lic on the image where you want the te"t placed 0ype in the te"t you want entered on the image

Score: &otes: <. +escribe how to chec spelling of te"t entered on an image. Level: Bedium Expected answer: /fter the te"t is entered choose #dit Check pelling Score: &otes: =. What are the steps to crop an image using the crop tool? Level: Bedium Expected answer:

#pen the image you want to crop 3lic on the crop tool from the 0ools palette Select the area of the image you want to eep

Cress enter to crop the image or use an #S shortcut such as in Windows #S, right! clic then select crop. #r on the Bac, ctrlJclic then select crop.

Score: &otes: >. What are the steps to duplicate an image? Level: Bedium Expected answer:
#pen the image you want to duplicate Select Image Duplicate 8nter the name of the duplicated image

Score: &otes: 1?. (ow do you create a new layer on an image? Level: Bedium Expected answer:
#pen the e"isting image Select $a%er New $a%er &ame the Layer (there are also options to indicate a 3olor, Bode, and #pacity)

#r
#pen the e"isting image

3lic on the New $a%er icon in the $a%ers palette

Score: &otes: 11. What does the te"t feature 0ype Warping allow a user to do? Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he 0ype!Warping feature allows a user to distort type layers in the form of special shapes. Score: &otes: 1'. +escribe how to select a hidden tool from the tool bo". Level: Bedium Expected answer: Cosition pointer on the $isible tool and hold down the mouse button until the 0ools list appears. Select the hidden tool you need. Score: &otes: 1*. What are two ways to return a tool or all tools to the default settings? Level: Bedium Expected answer:
Select the tool icon on the options bar and choose &eset Tool or &eset 'll Tools.

#r
Select 8dit Creferences Keneral. 3lic on Aeset /ll 0ools.

Score: &otes: 1,. What are the steps to create an audio annotation? Level: Bedium Expected answer:
Select the audio annotation tool 8nter the options needed such as author;s name 3lic where you want to place the audio annotation. Aecord message based on the type of operating system. -or Windows clic tart then spea into microphone. 3lic top to end recording. top to end the

-or (ac clic &ecord and then spea into microphone. 3lic recording then a)e.

Score: &otes: 12. (ow Level: Bedium Expected answer: /n interpolation method is used to assign color $alues to any pi"els created based on color $alues of e"isting pi"els in an image. Score: &otes: 1. What does the 3hannels palette allow a user to do? Level: Bedium is an interpolation method used?

Expected answer: 0he Channel palette allows a user to create and manage channels and monitor the effects of editing. Score: &otes: '. What does Bas s allow a user to do with an image? Level: Bedium Expected answer: Bas s allow a user to isolate and protect areas of an image as color changes, filters, or other effects are applied. Score: &otes: *. 3an loc ed layers be mo$ed or deleted? Level: Bedium Expected answer: Loc ed layers can be mo$ed to a different location within stac ing order of the $a%ers palette, but can not be deleted. Score: &otes: ,. (ow do you merge a layer with the layer beneath it? Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he layers or layer set must be $isible.
Select the top layer or layer set of the pair in the $a%ers palette. 3hoose $a%er (erge Down or $a%er (erge $a%er et.

Score: &otes: 2. (ow do you create a slice from a layer? Level: Bedium Expected answer:
Select a layer in the $a%ers palette 3hoose $a%er*New $a%er Based lice

Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG Skill Level: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

FTP Questions
@se the following 5uestions to e$aluate a candidate;s s ill le$el in relation to the use of -0C 78 9-0C9 . 0he following 5uestions are based on nowledge of a typical -0C user who has e"perience using -0C. 1. -or what does the acronym -0C stand? Level: Bedium Expected answer: -0C stands for -ile 0ransfer Crotocol. Score: &otes: '. What is -0C? Level: Bedium Expected answer: -0C is an )nternet file transfer ser$ice that operates on the )nternet and o$er 03CF)C 78 903CF)C9 networ s. Score: &otes: *. What does -0C allow a user to do? Level: Bedium Expected answer: -0C allows a user to transfer files o$er the )nternet or a networ from one computer to another. Score: &otes:

,.

In order to use FTP to transfer files from one computer to another does the user need to have access to each computer?

Level: Bedium Expected answer:


Yes the user must have access to both computers. Typically users may be asked to supply a login and pass ord.

Score: &otes: 2.

!hat is "nonymous FTP?

Level: Bedium Expected answer: /nonymous -0C is used when a user wants to download files from a remote machine but does not ha$e an account. / user who connects to a remote machine as D/nonymousE only has rights to copy files from the remote machine to their local machine but does not ha$e rights to upload files to the remote machine. Score: &otes: :.

!hen are the files sent to a secure FTP server not secure?

Level: Bedium Expected answer: -iles are not secure after they ha$e been transferred. @nencrypted files are much more $ulnerable to being read by unauthori.ed persons while stored on a publicly!accessible secure -0C ser$er than while being sent to it. Score: &otes: <. What does the command D+E list? Level: Bedium

Expected answer: 0he command D+E lists a complete list of commands that can be used with -0C. Score: &otes: =. -0C uses two default 03C connections. #ne is for control and one for data, What are they? Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he default port for control is port -. and the default port for data is port -/. Score: &otes: >. What command is used to end a current -0C session? Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he command close is used to end a current -0C session. Score: &otes: 1?. Hefore downloading graphic files or e"ecutables what must be typed in the command line? Level: Bedium Expected answer: -or graphic files or e"ecutables type the command binar%, Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG Skill Level: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

avaScript Questions
@se the following 5uestions to e$aluate a candidate;s s ill le$el in relation to the use of La$aScript. 0he following 5uestions are based on beginner to Bedium le$el La$aScript e"pertise. 1. What is a -unction in La$aScript 78 9La$aScript9 ? Level: Bedium Expected answer: / -unction in a La$aScript procedure is a set of statements that performs specific tas s. Score: &otes: '. What is a String in La$aScript? Level: Bedium Expected answer: / String is the characters inside the 5uotation mar s, i.e. document.write(D0his is a StringME) Score: &otes: *. +oes La$aScript need to be compiled? Level: Bedium Expected answer: La$aScript is an interpreted language and does not need to be compiled. Score: &otes: ,. What are the two types of La$aScript?

Level: Bedium Expected answer: 3lient Side La$aScript and Ser$er Side La$aScript Score: &otes: 2. What is the correct way to code an alert in La$aScript? Level: Bedium Expected answer: alert(D0his is an alertME) Score: &otes: :. )nside of which (0BL element is the La$aScript entered? Level: Bedium Expected answer: 4script6 4Fscript6 Score: &otes: <. Where is the correct place to enter La$aScript on an (0BL page? Level: Bedium Expected answer: / La$aScript can be entered in the (ead and Hody of an (0BL page. Score: &otes: =. +oes an e"ternal La$aScript ha$e to contain the 4script6 tag?

Level: Bedium Expected answer: &o an e"ternal La$aScript does not ha$e to contain the 4script6 tag. Score: &otes: >. (ow can you add a comment in La$aScript? Level: Bedium Expected answer: FI 0his is an e"ample of a comment IF Score: &otes: 1?. (ow do you code a message in the browsers status bar? Level: Bedium Expected answer: defaultStatus N 90he is a customi.ed message in status bar9 Score: &otes: 11. What is the correct synta" to write Dthis is La$aScriptE? Level: Bedium Expected answer: +ocument.write(Dthis is La$aScriptE) Score: &otes: 1'. (ow do you insert 5uotes in strings?

Level: Bedium Expected answer: Ouotes in strings should be preceded by a bac slash. 0his will allow the La$aScript interpreter to distinguish a 5uote within the string from the 5uotes that ser$e as string delimiters. Score: &otes: 1*. (ow do you change a document;s bac ground color? Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0o change a document;s bac ground color, set the document.bgcolor property to the desired color, i.e. document.bgcolorN DP8-8-8-E Score: &otes: 1,. (ow is form input $alidated before sending to the ser$er? Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0o $alidate form input, call your $alidation function from the formQs onSubmit e$ent handler. When the form is submitted, the browser will first run the onSubmit e$ent handler. )f the handler returns true, the form will be submitted to the ser$er. Score: &otes: 12. What does the switchFcase statement do? Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he switchFcase statement chec s a $ariable against multiple $alues.

Score: &otes: 1:. What does the set0imeout command do? Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he set0imeout command is a way to add a pause to a process. Score: &otes: 1<. What does the parse)nt method do? Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he parse)nt method changes a te"t string into a number. Score: &otes: 1=. What does the toKB0String() method do? Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he toKB0String() method con$erts a date!ob1ect to a string with the loo of the KB0!3on$ention. Score: &otes: 1>. 3an multiple .1s files be used in the same (0BL document? Level: Bedium Expected answer: Res

Score: &otes: '?. 3an a border si.e of a table be changed dynamically? Level: Bedium Expected answer: Res Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG Skill Level: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

P!P Scriptin" Questions


1. What is C(C 78 9C(C9 ? Level: Low Expected answer: C(C is a ser$er!side scripting language that allows you to submit specifications for Web pages that are e"ecuted by the Web ser$er software (such as /pache) before the pages are sent to the re5uesting browser for display. Score: &otes: '. &ame the $ariable in the following C(C script and describe how the code is manipulating the $ariable:
1. 4?php '. S$ocal N 9you;re hiredM9T *. print (93on$ince me you are the best person for the 1ob and ) will say Sutterance9)T ,. print (94p69)T 2. S$ocal N 9you;re firedM9T :. print (9)f you screw up );m going to say Sutterance9)T <. ?6

Level: Low Expected answer: 0he $ariable D$ocalE is created and first set to the $alue DRou;re hiredME 0hen it is reset to the new $alue DRou;re firedME When e"ecuted it will display the following two lines of te"t in the browser:
3on$ince me you are the best person for the 1ob and ) will say you;re hiredM )f you screw up );m going to say you;re firedM

Score: &otes:

*. 8"plain how to use C(C scripting to create a 4p6 tag in (0BL to insert a paragraph brea between lines of output from a C(C script? Level: Low Expected answer:
print (94p69)T

Score: &otes: ,. (ow do you include 5uotation mar s in the output from a print statement? Level: Low Expected answer:
print (9 U9Clease do it rightU99 )T

Score: &otes: 2. 3ompare the difference in the deli$ery of results when using the DCostE method or the DKetE method to mo$e information from an (0BL form to a C(C script. Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he 9post9 method deli$ers the information from the form hidden in the bac ground, and the 9get9 method deli$ers the results as part of the @AL. 8"ample: http:FFrampant.ccFcartFlogGin.php?@ser)+N saraVpswdNterrierVsubmitN8nter Score: &otes: :. 8"plain the use of the C(C array() function. Level: Low

Expected answer: 0he array() function is used to create a $ariable to which you assign multiple $alues. Score: &otes: <. Ki$e an e"ample using the simple array. Level: Bedium Expected answer:
Sgirls N array ( 9/my9, 9Cenny9, 9Linda9, 93indy9 )T

array()

function to create and assign $alues to a

)n other words:
$ariable N array (D$alueE, D$alueE, D$alueE, D$alueE )T

Score: &otes: =. List the ey numbers used to identify the indi$idual $alues within the array you described in the answer to 5uestion P :. Level: Bedium Expected answer:
SgirlsW?X N 9/my9T SgirlsW1X N 9Cenny9T SgirlsW'X N 9Linda9T SgirlsW*X N 93indy9T

Score: &otes: >. &ame the two sets of C(C tags that are always a$ailable to designate bloc s of code within (0BL. Level0 Low

Expected Standard 4?php ?6


Script 4S3A)C0 L/&K@/K8NEphpE64FS3A)C06

answer:

Score: &otes: 1?. List the standard data types that are a$ailable for use within C(C. Level: Bedium Expected answer: )nteger, +ouble, /rray, Hoolean, String and #b1ect Score: &otes: 11. (ow do you declare $ariables in C(C? Level: Low Expected answer: Yariables are not declared in C(C, instead they are prefi"ed with a S sign. Score: &otes: 1'. +escribe the use of the dot (.) operator. Level: Low Expected answer: 0he dot (.) operator is used to produce string concatenation in C(C. Score: &otes:

1*. 8"plain the use of 3ounted Loops. Level: Bedium Expected answer: Rou would use counted loops when you want to e"ecute a statement or a list of statements for a predetermined number of repetitions. +o not add a semicolon to the end of the for statement. 0he bloc of code will be e"ecuted only once if a semicolon is added to the end of the for statement. Score: &otes: 1,. List and describe eight (=) type specifiers. Level0 Bedium Expected answer: 7 " d c b o f s Score: &otes: 12. 8"plain the use of the n1'br() function. Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he n1'br() function inserts line brea s into the Web page by turning e$ery new line into a brea so as to pre$ent the te"t from running together in an aw ward lump. +isplay an integer as an uppercase he"adecimal number (base 1:) +isplay an integer as a lowercase he"adecimal number (base 1:) +isplay an argument as a decimal number +isplay an integer as an /S3)) e5ui$alent +isplay an integer as a binary number +isplay an integer as an octal number (base =) +isplay an integer as a floating!point number (double) +isplay an argument as a string

Score: &otes: 1:. +escribe the integer returned by the time () function? Level: Bedium Expected answer: )t is a timestamp, the number of seconds that ha$e elapsed since the @&)7 epoch which was midnight KB0 on Lanuary 1, 1><?. Score: &otes: 1<. 8"plain the SGC#S0 superglobal? Level: Bedium Expected answer: )t is a built in associati$e array that holds the $alues that ha$e been submitted as part of a C#S0 re5uest. Score: &otes: 1=. What is a coo ie? Level: Low Expected answer: / coo ie is a file containing a minimal amount of data that is stored by a Web browser in response to a re5uest from a script or a ser$er. 0hey are often used as a means to identify and trac Web site $isitors. Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

#rea$weaver Questions
Rou can use the following 5uestions to e$aluate a candidate;s s ill le$el with +reamwea$er 78 9+reamwea$er9 . 0he following 5uestions are based on beginner to Bedium le$el +reamwea$er e"pertise. 1. Why would you use +esign &otes? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: +esign &otes can be used to lea$e notes to yourself about your file that no one else can see because they are stored in a file separate from the source file. Score: &otes: '. What are .png, .gif, and .1pg files? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 0hese are graphics files. Score: &otes: *. (ow do you set a title for your page? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: )n the +ocument toolbar that appears at the top of the +ocument window:
type a title for the page in the 0itle te"t bo" , such as 3onnors (ome Cage. Sa$e the page.

#r

Select (odi1% 2age 2roperties. 0ype the new title in the 0itle te"t bo" and clic OK. Sa$e the page.U

Score: &otes: ,. 8"plain how to add an image to a Web page? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 0o insert images clic in the +esign $iew to designate the location where you want the image, then select Insert Image. Sa$e the file. #r 0o insert images clic in the +esign $iew to designate the location where you want the image, then clic the Insert Image icon in the 3ommon $iew of the #b1ects palette. Score: &otes: 2. What is the eyboard shortcut to create a new paragraph (4p6)? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 0o create a new paragraph (4p6), press the &#T3&N or #NT#& ey on the eyboard. Score: &otes: :. What is the eyboard shortcut to create a carriage return (4br6)? Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0o create a carriage return ( 4br6 ), press #NT#& on the eyboard. Score: &otes:

"IFT J &#T3&N or

<. (ow do you chec for bro en lin s within the current document? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: )n the toolbar you would select File Check 2age Check $inks, or File Check $inks. / Hro en Lin s report will appear in the Lin 3hec er panel. Score: &otes: =. List the database systems +reamwea$er supports for C(C 78 9C(C9 de$elopment? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: +reamwea$er only supports the BySOL 78 9BySOL9 database system for C(C de$elopment. Score: &otes: >. What is a @AL parameter 78 9@AL parameter9 ? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: @AL parameters are nameF$alue pairs attached to @ALs. 0hey start with a 5uestion mar and include nameN$alue with an ampersand (V) separating multiple @AL parameters. -or e"ample:
http:FFwww.dba!oracle.comFsalesFdocument?name1Nvalue1Vname2Nvalue2

Score: &otes: 1?. (ow is a @AL parameter created? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: @AL parameters are produced when the GET method is used with an (0BL form. 0he parameter $alue is added to the @AL re5uest when the form is submitted using the GET method. @AL parameters can also be created using hyperlin s designed to pass @AL parameters. -or e"ample the following two hyperlin s let the user designate their gender to the ser$er.
<a href="http://www.rampant.cc/index.cfm? gender=male"> ale</a> <a href="http://www.rampant.cc/index.cfm? gender=female">!emale</a>

Score: &otes: 11. 8"plain the use of image re!sampling. Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: )mage re!sampling is used to reduce the si.e of an image file to decrease the download time period. 0his reduction is accomplished while increasing or decreasing pi"els in a resi.ed image file to ma e it match the original file;s appearance as much as possible. Score: &otes:

1'. List three +reamwea$er imaging editing features for .HBC files: Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: +reamwea$er image!editing features do not apply to .bmp files. 0hey can only be used with LC8K and K)- image file formats. 0he features a$ailable for LC8K and K)- image files include 3ropping, Ae!sampling, Sharpening, Hrightness and 3ontrast. Score: &otes: 1*. What folder should be created first before setting up a new site in +reamwea$er. Skill level: (igh Expected answer: 0he local root folder Score: &otes: 1,. What tool option allows the user to build, delete, or modify sites? Skill level: Low Expected answer: 0he (anage ites tool option allows the user to build, delete or modify sites. Score: &otes: 12. (ow many page $iews are in +reamwea$er and what are they? Skill level: Low Expected answer: 0here are three page $iews in +reamwea$er named 3ode, +esign and Split (or combined 3ode and +esign $iew).

Score: &otes: 1:. What files do the local and remote $iews list? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: 0he local $iew lists files located on the local machine and the remote $iew lists files located on a remote machine usually the ser$er. Score: &otes: 1<. +escribe how to create a table in +esign $iew. Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: Select Insert Table, or clic the Insert Table icon in the 3ommon $iew of the #b1ects palette. 3hoose the number of Aows and 3olumns (0here are also other options there to choose such as Horder 0hic ness, 3ell padding and spacing, (eader, and /ccessibility options). 3lic OK to create the table. Score: &otes: 1=. What are some of the basic page templates located in +reamwea$er? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he basic page templates in +reamwea$er are (0BL, (0BL template, Library item, /ctionScript, 3SS, La$aScript, and 7BL 78 97BL9

Score: &otes: 1>. When creating a hyperlin in +reamwea$er what 0arget option must be selected in order for the file to open in a new window? Skill level: Low Expected answer: / new window will open if the 0arget option is 4blank Score: &otes: '?. +escribe how to insert a bac ground image on an e"isting page. Skill level: (igh Expected answer:
#pen the page you to which you want to add a bac ground. Select (odi1% 2age 2roperties and then choose 'ppearance,

-or Background image browse to where the image is located on your computer and select the image. Select 'ppl% or OK and a)e,

Score: &otes: '1. What are the steps to $iew #rphaned -iles in +reamwea$er? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: Select ite Check $inks itewide -rom the how option choose Orphaned Files Score:

&otes: ''. What does the Site Bap $iew in +reamwea$er display? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he Site Bap $iew displays the na$igational structure of the Web site. Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

%&SQL Questions
1. What is BySOL 78 9BySOL9 ? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: BySOL is open source relational database software that is often used to create database dri$en Web sites. Score: &otes: '. What can you tell me about the BySOL 8rror log? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: )t logs any errors produced while the ser$er is running, including data from startup and shutdown. )t is found in the data directory and includes information about unauthori.ed passwords, and synta" errors in the configuration file. Score: &otes: *. What is the function of the BySOL Ouery log? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: )t logs the connections and e"ecuted 5ueries. )t identifies what 5ueries are being run at specific times and shows what user is logged on, as well as their origination point. Score: &otes: ,. What is the difference between the Hinary @pdate Log and the @pdate Log? Skill Level: Bedium

Expected answer: 0he Hinary @pdate log uses a binary format to store the SOL statements that ma e changes to the database in the order of e"ecution. 0he @pdate Log uses a less compressed format to store the updates to the database. Score: &otes: 2. What is the mysqlbinlog 78 9mysqlbinlog9 ? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he mysqlbinlog is an e"ecutable binary that is used to display the contents of the Hinary @pdate Log. Score: &otes: :. What would you accomplish by using the following synta"? mys5l6 +A#C +/0/H/S8 testT Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: +A#C +/0/H/S8 is the command for deleting a database in BySOL. Score: &otes: <. When does BySOL show the prompt "> instead of my#$l> on the command line?
Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

BySOL shows the prompt "> when it is e"pecting you to continue adding to your command from the pre$ious line.

Score: &otes: =. What will happen if you type %c and press enter while typing a command?
Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

0he command will be cancelled. 0his is handy if you change your mind or reali.e you ha$e made an error. Score: &otes: >. What command do you use to e"it BySOL?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

mys5l6 5uit Score: &otes: 1?. (ow do you delete a BySOL table?
Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

mys5l6 +A#C 0/HL8 4table&ame6T Score: &otes: 11. )s BySOL case sensiti$e?

Skill Level: (igh Expected answer:

When a BySOL ser$er is operating on a @ni"!based system it is case sensiti$e in reference to database and table names, because of the relationship to directories and files in the BySOL data directory. 0he other time that BySOL is case sensiti$e is within a command, the column, table, and other names within a command must be written precisely the same in e$ery occurrence within that command. #therwise SOL commands can be typed in either upper or lower case. Score: &otes: 1'. (ow do you remo$e the contents from a BySOL table?
Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

mys5l6 +8L808 -A#B 4table&ame6T Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

SQL Questions
1. What are the different types of loop structures 78 9loop structures9 ? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 0he correct answers are repeat!until, while and the -#A loop. 0he candidate should state that a -#A loop iterates a specific number of times, while the repeat!until and while structures iterate according to a $ariable or Hoolean $alue. Score: &otes: '. What is the purpose of the KA#@C HR statement in SOL? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 0he correct answer is that KA#@C HR 78 9KA#@C HR9 is re5uired after the W(8A8 clause anytime an SOL statement performs aggregation (sum, min, ma"). Score: &otes: *. What is the default ordering of an #A+8A HR 78 9#A+8A HR9 clause in a S8L830 statement? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: /scending Score: &otes:

,. Rou want to group the following set of select returns, what can you group on?
ma"(sumGofGcost), min(sumGofGcost), count(itemGno), itemGno

Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he only column that can be grouped on is the DitemGnoE column, the rest ha$e aggregate functions associated with them. Score: &otes: 2. What is a 3artesian product? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: / 3artesian product 78 93artesian product9 is the result of an unrestricted 1oin of two or more tables. 0he result set of a three table 3artesian product will ha$e " I y I . number of rows where ", y, . correspond to the number of rows in each table in$ol$ed in the 1oin. 0his occurs if there is not at least n!1 1oins where n is the number of tables in a S8L830. Score: &otes: :. Rou are 1oining a local and a remote table, the networ manager complains about the traffic in$ol$ed, how can you reduce the networ traffic? Skill Level: (igh Expected answer: Cush the processing of the remote data to the remote instance by using a $iew to pre!select the information for the 1oin. 0his will result in only the data re5uired for the 1oin being sent across. Score: &otes:

<. What is explain plan and how is it used? Skill Level: Bedium to (igh Expected answer: 0he 87CL/)& CL/& 78 987CL/)& CL/&9 is a tool to tune SOL statements. 0o use it you must ha$e an explain_table 78 9explain_table9 generated in the user you are running the e"plain plan for. 0his is created using the utlxplan.sql 78 9utlxplan.sql9 script. #nce the e"plain plan table e"ists, you run the e"plain plan command gi$ing as its argument the SOL statement to be e"plained. 0he explain_plan table is then 5ueried to see the e"ecution plan of the statement. 8"plain plans can also be run using 0ZCA#- 78 90ZCA#-9 . Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

%S FrontPa"e Questions
@se the following 5uestions to e$aluate a candidate;s s ill le$el in relation to the use of Bicrosoft -rontCage. 0he following 5uestions are geared toward a beginner to Bedium le$el Bicrosoft -rontCage user. 1. (ow can ) do a global change on all Web pages? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: 0he candidate may answer that dynamic include pages are ideal for this because the change would only need to be made on the included page and then -rontCage would dynamically insert it at run!time into all participating pages. Within -rontCage, global changes are made using the #dit &eplace pull!down menu. 0his screen has a radio button allowing you to apply the change to the current page, a selected range of pages, or all pages on the Web domain. Score: &otes: '. /re -rontCage global changes easy to bac !out if you ma e a mista e? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: &o. 0he candidate should answer that -rontCage always issues a warning that a multi!page global change is non!reco$erable. Score: &otes: *. (ow can ) connect to a database using -rontCage? Skill level: (igh Expected answer:

0he candidate should note that -rontCage is 1ust an (0BL generator, so the applicant should state that the database code is embedded inside the (0BL, regardless of the tool used to generate the (0BL (-rontCage, +reamWea$er). 3alls to a database can be embedded inside La$aScript or C(C 78 9C(C9 , and the de$eloper embeds database calls inside the code. 0o embed C(C in -rontCage, simple clic the 9code9 button at the bottom of the display window. -or #racle connecti$ity, the de$eloper should mention #racle;s #3) (#racle 3all )nterface 78 9#racle 3all )nterface9 ). Score: &otes: ,. (ow can you see all pages with hyperlin s to an open page in -rontCage? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: -rontCage contains a 5iew "%perlinks pull down menu that will change the display mode from page!mode to hyperlin !mode, showing all pages pointing to the open page. Score: &otes: 2. Rou need to do a collage of te"t and photographs, staggered on the Web page. What techni5ue would use to implement this? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: 0he candidate would li ely reply that they would create a table with in$isible borders to hold the staggered te"t and photos. Score: &otes:

:. What are the steps to setting up a new Web using the BS -ront Cage One 2age Wi!ard? Skill Level: Low Expected answer:
Select File, New, and then New 2age or Web from the tool bar menu. Select Web ite Templates Specify the location of the new Web site Select the One 2age Web wi!ard and select OK

Score: &otes: <. BS -ront Cage has three options to $iew and edit pages in a Web. What are they? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: &ormal (0BL Cre$iew Score: &otes: =. What is the default home page named in BS -ront Cage? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: )nde".htm Score: &otes:

>. What is the default file e"tension for BS -ront Cage pages?

Skill level: (igh Expected answer: .htm Score: &otes: 1?. (ow are pages added in BS -ront Cage Web &a$igation? What is its primary use? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: Cages are added to Web &a$igation by drag and drop functionality in BS -ront Cage. &a$igation is primarily used to organi.e the Web site structure. Score: &otes: 11. What are BS -ront Cage e"tensions? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: BS -ront Cage e"tensions are ser$er side programs that enable -ront Cage users to utili.e the program;s special components such as hit counters, form mail, and file upload. Score: &otes: 1'. 3an a page be edited in Cre$iew page $iew? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: / page can not be edited in Cre$iew page $iew.

Score: &otes: 1*. +escribe how to publish an e"isting Web using the BS -ront Cage Cublish Web wi.ard. Skill level: (igh Expected answer:
Select an e"isting Web to publish Select File, 2ublish Web from the menu bar Specify where the Web will be published 8nter user name and password if necessary

Rou will ha$e an option to publish all contents within Web or 1ust changed pages. Select one Cublish Web

Score: &otes: 1,. What are the steps to insert an image from a local folder on a computer while in &ormal page $iew? Skill level: (igh Expected answer:
Select )nsert, Cicture and then -rom -ile Hrowse for the folder on your pc where the image is located and clic on the image Select )nsert

Score: &otes:

12. 0o create a hyperlin to a file in &ormal page $iew, select Insert "%perlink and either select the file in Web or enter the file address. )f all users ha$e read access to 1ile,6ls located remotely in a folder name hare on the 'ccess ser$er. (ow would the file address need to be entered in order for all users to open the file $ia hyperlin after the Web has been published? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: )n order for the file to be $iewable by all users $ia hyperlin , the complete address of the file must be entered:
UU/ccessUShareUfile."ls

&ote: Hrowsing for the file and selecting it is not a correct answer for this 5uestion. )f this is done, the hyperlin will map to the file on the local computer and only be $iewable when following the hyperlin on that computer. Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

Flash %' ())* Questions


@se the following 5uestions to e$aluate a candidate;s s ill le$el in relation to the use of -lash 78 9-lash9 . 0he following 5uestions are based on beginner to Bedium le$el -lash e"pertise. 1. What are files created by -lash commonly called? Skill level: Low Expected answer: -lash files are commonly called mo$ies. Score: &otes: '. (ow do you open an e"isting mo$ie in Windows or Bac operating systems by using the menu? Skill level: Low Expected answer:
3hoose -ile #pen +ouble!clic on the mo$ie;s filename to open it

Score: &otes: *. What does the 3ontroller panel allow you to do? Skill level: Low Expected answer: 0he 3ontroller panel allows you to control the playbac of mo$ies. Score: &otes: ,. (ow do you ma e an animation a$ailable for $iewing with a Web browser?

Skill level: Low Expected answer: )nserting the animation into an (0BL document will ma e it a$ailable for $iewing with a web browser. Score: &otes: 2. (ow do you e"it -lash in Windows andFor Bac operating systems? Skill level: Low Expected answer: 3hoose File then #6it (Windows) or choose Flash then Quit (Bac) Score: &otes: :. +escribe the steps to creating a new folder in -lash. Skill level: Low Expected answer:
3lic the New Folder button at the bottom of the Library window 0ype a name that describes the contents of folder Cress #nter (Windows) or &eturn (Bac)

Score: &otes: <. 8"plain how to edit an entire te"t bloc . Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: 3hoose the election tool and clic te"t. -lash will then put a selection border around the te"t. 0his allows you to modify the te"t.

Score: &otes: =. What are the steps to hyperlin a te"t to another source? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer:
Select the te"t 3hoose Window 2roperties )n @AL te"t bo", type in the web address or location of the file )n the Target drop!down select a target

Score: &otes: >. +escribe how to copy a layer? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer:
3lic the layer name and select the layer 3hoose #dit Timeline Cop% Frames 3lic the Insert $a%er button to create a new layer 3hoose the New la%er to ma e it acti$e 3hoose #dit Timeline 2aste Frames

Score: &otes: 1?. +escribe how to create a self!playing mo$ie on Windows andFor Bac operating systems.

Skill level: (igh Expected answer:


3hoose File, then 2ublish ettings to open the Cublish Settings dialog bo" #n -ormats tab, mar Windows 2ro7ector or (acintosh 2ro7ector chec bo"es 3lic 2ublish 3hoose OK or Cancel to close the 2ublish ettings dialog bo"

Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

Perl Script Questions


@se the following 5uestions to e$aluate a candidate;s s ill le$el using Cerl 78 9Cerl9 . 0he following 5uestions are based on beginner to Bedium le$el Cerl e"pertise. 1. -or what do the letters C.8.A.L stand? Skill level: Low Expected answer: Cractical 8"traction and Aeport Language Score: &otes: '. 3an Cerl run on Bacintosh and #S' operating systems? Skill level: Low Expected answer: Res

Score: &otes: *. +oes Cerl need to be compiled? Skill level: Low Expected answer: Res, Cerl needs to be compiled. Score: &otes:

,. What command is entered in the @&)7 command line in order to determine if Cerl is installed on C3? Skill level: Low Expected answer: perl 8) Score: &otes: 2. What are the steps to create a new program in BacCerl? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer:
Select -ile &ew 8nter 8dit your program Select -ile Sa$e

Score: &otes:

:. What is a file handle? Skill level: Low Expected answer: / handle is a name used in a program to tal about a file. 0he general rule is to ma e them all upper!case. Score: &otes: <. +oes Cerl ha$e a string length limit? Skill level: Low Expected answer: Cerl string lengths are only limited by the amount of memory that is a$ailable. Score: &otes: =. What are the two functions for opening and closing a database? Skill level: Low Expected answer: dbmopen is for opening a database and dbmclose is for closing a database. Score: &otes:

>. What three arguments does the dbmopen function re5uire? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he three arguments of the dbmopen function are the name of the hash, the name of the database on dis and the mode. Score: &otes: 1?. What is mode? Skill level: Low Expected answer: 0he mode is the numeric @&)7 file mode in which you want to open the file. Score: &otes: 11. What information do you recei$e from the following? PMFusrFbinFperl Skill level: Low Expected answer: 0his tells you where Cerl is located on your web ser$er. Score: &otes: 1'. When sa$ing your Cerl script how can you be certain you will get the desired file e"tension? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer:

Clace the filename including the desired e"tension in 5uotes before sa$ing the file. -or e"ample: Dpedigree.cgiE )f you fail to use the 5uotes your file may be sa$ed as pedigree.cgi.t"t Score: &otes: 1*. (ow do you use the [d switch? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: Rou can use the [d switch to debug a Cerl script $ia telnet. -or e"ample, using the following command line will display the first line of the script named DpedigreeE for debugging.
0elnetFcgi!bin6perl !d pedigree.cgi

0ype s and press #nter to go through each step of the script. When finished type 9 and press #nter to 5uit. Score: &otes: 1,. 8"plain how to run the following script in a browser and describe the results:
PMFusrFbinFperl print 93ontent!type: te"tFhtmlUnUn9T print 94(0BL64(8/+69T print 940)0L863K) pedigree4F0)0L869T print 94F(8/+69T print 94H#+R64(*6-or pedigree information please email pedigrees\horseinfo.com 4F(*69T print 94FH#+R64F(0BL69T

Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: 0o run the script in a browser you would enter the @AL of the script in the browser address window. 0his script will produce a web page that reads, D-or pedigree information please email pedigrees\horseinfo.com.E Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

Apache Questions
&ot all Web +esigner candidates will ha$e in!depth nowledge of the /pache software but most should at least be familiar with the basic concepts. 1. #n what type of ser$er would you most li ely find /pache 78 9/pache9 code? Skill level: Low Expected answer: 8$en a no$ice nows that /pache is designed for Web ser$er components. /ny responses that refer to application ser$er components are incorrect and the candidate should clearly state that /pache is designed for Web ser$ers. Score: &otes: '. What is a scoreboard? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he scoreboard in /pache stores the current state of all @&)7 processes (and threads within processes for /pache *.). 0he scoreboard allows the

/pache mod_status 78 9mod_status9 function to present an o$er$iew of the ser$er process and load status. Score: &otes: *. (ow would you program /pache to pass user and password information to a bac !end database or L+/C ser$er? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: 0he candidate should refer to the /pache /uthentication Bodules. /pache has authentication modules for communicating with #racle, BySOL 78 9BySOL9 and other relational databases. Score: &otes: ,. 8"plain how you could implement performance load balancing within an /pache Crocess? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: 0he candidate should mention of the use of load balancing modules including mod_rewrite 78 9mod_rewrite9 , reverse proxy 78 9reverse proxy9 , mod_backhand 78 9mod_backhand9 or mod_bandwidth 78 9mod_bandwidth9 or mod_throttle 78 9mod_throttle9 . Score: &otes: 2. &ame some common procedural languages that allow integration with /pache. What are the most popular? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he candidate should mention that C(C is widely used, along with Cerl 78 9Cerl9 (using the mod_perl 78 9mod_perl9 module). /lso, La$a (the

mod_ k 78 9mod_ k9 module), Cython, 0cl, /SC and .&80 are acceptable answers. Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

Securit& Questions
Security 78 9Security9 , always an important part of networ administration, has gained much publicity in the last few years, as networ attac s ha$e become more pre$alent and more publici.ed. 0he important thing to loo for when inter$iewing a Web +esigner candidate is their attitude towards security. Cractical nowledge is important, of course, but the truly high le$el Web +esigner understands that security is a process, not a product. Security must permeate e$erything that happens on the networ , from adding and remo$ing hosts to troubleshooting routing problems. #nly by placing security as the number one priority will the Web +esigner be able to ensure the reliability and a$ailability of the web site. Specifically, their response to 5uestion 11 will gi$e great insights into what role security plays in their mind. 1. What issues are in$ol$ed with operating a pac et sniffer 78 9pac et sniffer9 on a switched 8thernet networ ? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: Since a system connected to a switched 8thernet networ will only see traffic originating from it, destined for it, or broadcast traffic, a pac et sniffer isnQt as useful as it is on a shared 8thernet networ . )n order to utili.e a sniffer to its fullest potential, you must designate a port on one of the bac bone switches as a management port. 0his will instruct the switch to copy all traffic to this port, regardless of the source or destination address. When you connect your pac et sniffer to this port, all 8thernet traffic will be seen. Score: &otes: '. Rou ha$e a 3isco router connecting your L/& to the )nternet and you are utili.ing the built in firewall capabilities of the 3isco )#S 78 93isco )#S9 . )f a pac et tra$erses your firewall rules and does not match any of them, how does the )#S treat that pac et? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer:

0he 3isco )#S will drop the pac et. 3isco always implements an Dimplicit denyE after all firewall rules, meaning that any pac et not matching any rule is dropped. )n order to re$erse this beha$ior, you must ha$e a firewall rule (normally the last one) that implicitly allows a pac et. Score: &otes: *. +iscuss the pros and cons of stateless 78 9stateless9 and stateful 78 9stateful9 firewalls. Skill level: (igh Expected answer: Stateless firewalls re5uire much less o$erhead, and introduce less latency into the networ . 0hey e"amine each pac et indi$idually, with no thought to the pac etQs relationship to other pac ets. Stateful firewalls will ta e into account the fact that a pac et is part of a larger data Dcon$ersation,E and can ma e better decisions on what traffic to allow or deny. 0his comes at the cost of added comple"ity in setup and greater latency in the networ . Score: &otes: ,. What is source!address $erification, and why is it an important part of firewall implementation? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: Source!address $erification is the process of monitoring all outbound data at a networ endpoint, and only allowing data out of the networ if the source address matches the subnet from which the data originated. 0his effecti$ely eliminates Dsource address spoofing,E a common tactic used in denial of ser$ice attac s when an attac er is attempting to mas the source of their pac ets. )f this ind of egress filtering was done on all networ s on the )nternet, the amount of denial of ser$ice attac s would be greatly reduced.

Score: &otes: 2. What is a +B] and why is it important? Skill level: Low Expected answer: +B] 78 9+B]9 stands for Ddemilitari.ed .one.E )t is a term borrowed from the military that refers to a separate networ setup between a companyQs pri$ate networ and the public )nternet. )f a company needs to allow )nternet access to a ser$ice, that ser$ice will run on a host in the +B]. 0his Qbuffer .oneQ is desirable because if a system in the +B] is compromised, an attac er still has no access to the companyQs pri$ate networ . Score: &otes: :. +efine and describe a YC&. Skill level: Low Expected answer: YC& 78 9YC&9 Ut 9See Yirtual Cri$ate &etwor 9 stands for Yirtual Cri$ate &etwor 78 9Yirtual Cri$ate &etwor 9 . @sing encryption software, it is possible to setup a secure, encrypted QtunnelQ between two points on a public networ (li e the )nternet). #nce this lin is established, those two points form a $irtual pri$ate networ , allowing secure communication to ta e place o$er an insecure medium. Score: &otes: <. +efine and describe the two main types of YC&s in use on the )nternet today. Skill level: Bedium Expected answer:

CC0C YC&s are based on the Coint!to!Coint 0unneling Crotocol. 0his protocol is bac ed by a coalition of $endors, headed by Bicrosoft. 3lient and ser$er software pac ages to implement this YC& solution are included with $ersions of Windows after Windows >= #SA'. )CSec based YC&s are commonly implemented in hardware YC& solutions from companies li e 3isco. )Csec supports two security schemes: /uthentication (eader (/(), which authenticates the sender of the dataT and 8ncapsulating Security Cayload (8SC), which supports sender authentication and payload encryption. Score: &otes: =. +efine the pri$ate )C$, 78 9)C$,9 subnets, and e"plain their importance to the security of a networ . Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: )n order to allow for easy adoption of 03CF)C 78 903CF)C9 inside corporate networ s, without the possibility of address conflict with the )nternet, pri$ate )C subnets were created. 0hese ranges of )C addresses are non!routable, meaning they are not $alid on the )nternet.
3lass / pri$ate )C range: 1?.?.?.? [ 1?.'22.'22.'22 3lass H pri$ate )C range: 1<'.1:.?.? [ 1<'.*1.?.? 3lass 3 pri$ate )C range: 1>'.1:=.?.? [ 1>'.1:=.'22.'22

/dopting a pri$ate )C address space is recommended for a corporate networ . 0his pre$ents any system on the )nternet from directly addressing any internal system. )nternal systems are granted outside access by means of &etwor /ddress 0ranslation or a pro"y ser$er. Score: &otes: >. +efine &/0 and describe the benefits. Skill level: Low

Expected answer: &/0 78 9&/09 Ut 9See &etwor /ddress 0ranslation9 (&etwor /ddress 0ranslation 78 9&etwor /ddress 0ranslation9 ) is used most often in con1unction with a pri$ate )C subnet, a system running &/0 will forward pac ets from one networ to another, ma ing all source pac ets appear as if they originate from the &/0 system itself. When a reply is recei$ed, the re$erse happens, with the &/0 system rewriting the destination address to allow the pac et to be deli$ered to the re5uester. 0his pro"ying of pac ets is an important security practice. )t also allows a large number of systems to access an outside networ through a single )C address. Score: &otes: 1?. +escribe SSL and trusted third!party 3ertificate /uthorities. Skill level: (igh Expected answer: SSL (Secure Soc ets Layer) was de$eloped by &etscape to address the insecurities of (00C communication. SSL is a protocol that allows for the encryption of (00C sessions using ey!based cryptography. #n the )nternet, there is little in place to pro$e that someone is who they say they are. Lust because you can ma e an encrypted connection to someoneQs online Web store, that doesnQt mean that they are a legitimate business. 0he business of 3ertificate /uthorities has arisen to aid in authenticating these transactions. When a business purchases a certificate from a trusted 3ertificate /uthority (li e Yerisign 78 9Yerisign9 or 0hawte 3onsulting 78 90hawte 3onsulting9 ), that certificate is presented to e$ery Web browser that attempts to ma e a secure connection to the businessQ Web site. )f the Web browser trusts the third party 3ertificate /uthority, the connection is allowed. )f not, the connection is denied. / list of the ma1or 3ertificate /uthorities is included with the ma1or Web browsers. 0he analogy for this connection is D) donQt trust you, but ) trust Yerisign, and they tell me that you are who you say you are.E Score: &otes:

11. What is the wea est point in e$ery networ ? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: Ceople. Aegardless of how good your firewall, intrusion detection systems 78 9intrusion detection systems9 , audits and personnel are, your employees will always be the wea est lin in your networ . Social engineering is a common way to attempt to e"ploit the people in a networ ing en$ironment. Why should a crac er spend days attempting a brute force attac to disco$er a password, when he can call up a secretary, impersonate someone from the )0 department, and get her to gi$e him her password? 8$ery security policy should include basic security principals for e$ery employee, such as:
&e$er gi$e your password out o$er the phone or in email. 3hallenge any suspicious person you see in the office, etc.

Score: &otes: 1'. What is a smurf attac , and how can it be pre$ented? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: / smurf attac 78 9smurf attac 9 is a term for a common denial of ser$ice attac utili.ing )3BC pac ets. /n attac er will craft an )3BC echo pac et appearing to originate from the $ictimQs )C address. 0his pac et will be sent to the broadcast address of another networ . Since pac ets sent to a broadcast address are accepted by e$ery system on a subnet, and since the standard response to an echo re5uest is an echo reply, the $ictim soon finds his )C address flooded with )3BC echo replies from this networ . 0he recommended way to thwart this ind of attac is to bloc access to broadcast addresses at each networ Qs router.

Score: &otes: 1*. What is a SR& flood 78 9SR& flood9 , and how can it be pre$ented? Skill level: (igh Expected answer: /ll 03C connections begin with a three!way handsha e. 0his handsha e consists of a SR& from the source, a SR&!/3Z reply from the destination, and an /3Z from the source. When a system recei$es a SR& pac et, it allocates memory space to handle the connection, sends the SR&!/3Z, and waits for the final /3Z before communication can occur. 0his is what is nown as a half!open connection. / SR& flood occurs when an attac er sends a large amount of SR& re5uests to a system, spoofing the source )C address of the pac ets. 0his will cause the $ictimQs system to send SR&!/3Zs to systems that werenQt e"pecting them, and will therefore not reply. /s the spoofed pac ets continue to come in, the $ictimQs system will continue to allocate memory to handle these half!open connections until e$entually the memory of the system is e"hausted and no more incoming connections are accepted. 0here is currently no generally accepted solution for handling this ind of problem because it utili.es the $ery nature of 03C communication as opposed to e"ploiting $ulnerability. 0he recommended solution is for originating networ s to perform source!address $erification on all outgoing pac ets, eliminating the possibility of a system on their networ sending out pac ets with spoofed )C addresses. Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG


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ava and (EE +ersions


Se$eral of the e"pected answers from these 5uestions may be highly dependent upon the $ersion of La$a and the L'88 specification. While we ha$e made e$ery effort to ma e the 5uestions as $ersion neutral as possible, each release of the L'88 specification brings many changes and new features, and these e"ample 5uestions may not be appropriate for your $ersion of La$aFL'88 implementation. /s a reference when determining whether beha$ior and synta" is correct, we use Sun;s L'88 1.* platform specification.
Oualifications

1. +o you ha$e any 3ertifications? (i.e. La$a CrogrammerF +e$eloper, 3isco, Bicrosoft, #racle)
/nswer: 3omment:

'. What relational database systems are you most familiar with? (#racle, SOL Ser$er, BySOL 78 9BySOL9 , Costgres, etc.)
/nswer: 3omment:

*. What L'88 /pplication Ser$ers are you most familiar with? (#racle> i/S, #3,L, H8/ WebLogic Ser$er, )HB WebSphere, LHoss, etc.)
/nswer: 3omment:

,. Which La$a +e$elopment )+8 are you most comfortable with? (LHuilder 78 9LHuilder9 , )ntelliL )+8/ 78 9)ntelliL )+8/9 , L+e$eloper 78 9L+e$eloper9 , plain ^ol 8macs, etc.)

/nswer: 3omment:

2.

Which $ersion control systems ha$e you used in the past? (3YS 78 93YS9 , #racle Software 3onfiguration Banagement 78 9#racle Software 3onfiguration Banagement9 , 3ontinuus 78 93ontinuus9 , 3lear3ase, etc.)
/nswer: 3omment:

:. (ighest le$el of education? Bost candidates in this field ac5uire a college education, preferably a HS in computer science, computer information technology or related engineering field.
/nswer: 3omment:

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Skill

Level:

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ava ,nterview Questions


1. (ow many public classes 78 9public classes9 are permitted within a single La$a class file?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

Rou can only define one public class within a single La$a class file. Score: &otes:

'. (ow many pac age statements (declarations) are allowed in a La$a source file?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer: #nly one.

Score: &otes: *. )s it necessary to ha$e a pac age statement in a La$a source file?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer: &o.

Score: &otes: ,. )n a La$a source file, which statement needs to be first, import or pac age?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he pac age statement must come before any import statements. Score: &otes: 2. )f all three statement elements of a La$a source file are included (imports, classes, pac ages), in which order must they appear?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

Cac age declaration, imports, and then all classes.

Score: &otes:

:. 3onsider a program that imports a large number of classes. )s there any performance degradation from importing many classes at runtime?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

&o. 0he import statements only pro$ide the compiler with class name abbre$iations and ha$e no performance impact at runtime. Score: &otes: <. What is the command!line utility used to compile La$a source code into bytecode?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he command!line utility is 1a$ac 78 91a$ac9 . Score: &otes: =. What is the name of the method the LYB uses as the normal entry point for a La$a application? What is its signature?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he name of the method is main(). 78 9main().9 0he signature for main()is:

public static $oid main(StringWX args)

Score: &otes: >. )s it a re5uirement that the why or why not?


Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

main()

method be declared as static? 8"plain

Res, it is a re5uirement that the main() method be declared static. 0his is necessary so it can be in$o ed without ha$ing to construct an instance of the corresponding class. Score: &otes: 1?. What are the four signed integral data types in La$a? What are their si.es and range of $alues?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:
+ata 0ype Hyte Short )nt Long Si.e = bits 1: bits *' bits :, bits Binimum !'< !'12 !'*1 !':* Ba"imum !'< ! 1 !'12 ! 1 !'*1 ! 1 !':* ! 1

Score: &otes: 11. Within your La$a application, you catch all e"ceptions and want to now the e"act circumstances under which they occurred. Which method would you use from the throw able class to obtain a complete stac trace?

Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

Rou can get a stac trace from any e"ception ob1ect with the printStac 0race() 78 9printStac 0race()9 method in the throw able class. Score: &otes: 1'. What is the difference between System.out.println() 78 9System.out.println()9 and System.out.print () 78 9System.out.print()9 ?

Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he println() 78 9println()9 method is used to display a line of te"t that ends with a newline character. 0he newline character causes the ne"t line of te"t to begin displaying at the left!most edge of the ne"t line, similar to the carriage return ey on a manual typewriter. 0he print () 78 9print()9 method, on the other hand, does not add the newline character to the end of the line. 0his allows you to use se$eral print() statements to display information on the same line. Score: &otes: 1*. When creating a &tring ob1ect, is it necessary to use the new operator?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

&o. La$a does not re5uire you to use the new operator when constructing a new &tring ob1ect. )n fact, it is more efficient than e"plicitly calling the constructor. Score:

&otes: 1,. What is the $alue at which a String is automatically initiali.ed?


Skill Level: Low Expected answer: null.

Score: &otes: 12. (ow do you ma e a $ariable a constant?


Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

+eclare the $ariable using the final eyword. Score: &otes: 1:. What does putting the J operator between two strings do?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

)t concatenates the two strings together. Score: &otes: 1<. What characters can be legally used as the first character of a La$a identifier?
Skill Level: Low

Expected answer:

/ny letter, the dollar sign (S), or an underscore. Score: &otes: 1=. What statement would you use to con$ert the String named int'?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer: int int1 N )nteger.parse)nt(str1)T

#tr'

to an integer

Score: &otes: 1>. What statement would you use to con$ert the String (yte'?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer: byte byte1 N Hyte.parseHyte(str1)T

#tr'

to a byte named

Score: &otes: '?. What statement would you use to con$ert the String l)ng'?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer: long long1 N Long.parseLong(str1)T

#tr'

to a long named

Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

(EE Telephone Pre-interview Questions


/t some point in the process, you will be faced with a number of high 5uality resumes in your file. 3ommitting to an on!site inter$iew costs time and money for both parties. )t is therefore important to consider some pre!inter$iew chec ing. Cerforming a telephone inter$iew to pre!screen geographically remote candidates can help in a$oiding tra$el costs associated with an on!site inter$iew. /lso, as to see their pre$ious wor or contact a former employer. /s long as you remain discrete this is generally not going to cause any problems for the candidate. 0he following ten 5uestions should help in determining the technical s ill set of any potential L'88 candidate. 0he 5uestions are simple enough that any 5ualified L'88 professional should be able to answer them immediately from memory. /ny candidate who has a hard time with these 5uestions may not be appropriate for a full time position as a L'88 +e$eloper or /rchitect. 1. When wor ing with a web application, what is the filename of the deployment descriptor and where should be it located?

Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he name of the deployment descriptor for web applications is named web."ml and is typically located in the (web!app!root)Fweb! )&-Fweb."ml. Score: &otes:

'. What is the name of the 7BL 78 97BL9 root element within the web deployment descriptor fileT web."ml?

Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he name of the 7BL 78 97BL9 root element is 4web!app6. Score: &otes: *. What are the two L'88 Web!based technologies that support dynamic content generation of Web pages in a portable and cross!platform manner?

Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

La$aSer$er Cages (LSC) and Ser$lets. Score: &otes: ,. Rou ha$e a client application that needs to loo !up the home interface of an enterprise bean. Which class and method is used to loo !up the bean?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he application would need to use the loo up() method of the )nitial3onte"t 78 9)nitial3onte"t9 class, found in the L&+) pac age. )n order to access an enterprise bean, the application will use the L&+) pac age to obtain a directory connection to a beans container. #nce the connection is established, a new )nitial3onte"t ob1ect is created. 0he loo up() method of the )nitial3onte"t ob1ect is then used to loo up the bean. 0he loo up() method will return a reference to the home ob1ect of the bean. Score: &otes:

2. What are the two ways in which an entity bean 78 9entity bean9 can persist enterprise data?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

/n entity can use either container!managed persistence (3BC) or bean! managed persistence. With 3BC, the 8LH container 78 98LH container9 is responsible for handling the implementation of code (SOL) necessary to insert, read, and update an ob1ect in a data source. With HBC, the application de$eloper needs to create the implementation code for the insert, read, and update of an ob1ect. Score: &otes: :. Rou ha$e an application that uses La$a ob1ects e"clusi$ely. Which distributed technology should you consider for communicationT AB) or 3#AH/? Why?

Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

)f you ha$e an application that only contains La$a ob1ects, it would be appropriate to use AB). 0he AB) technology is built right into the La$a language as a means of allowing ob1ects to communicate with other ob1ects that are running on LYBs on remote machine within the networ . @sing 3#AH/ technology, ob1ects that are e"ported with 3#AH/ can be accessed by clients implemented in any language (3, Cerl 78 9Cerl9 , etc) with an )+L binding. /lthough 3#AH/ is more e"tensi$e than AB), AB) is more straightforward to use since it only used La$a ob1ects. Score: &otes: <. Rou are about the write a Session !ean 78 9Session !ean9 . What are the three types of component (classes and interfaces) that are needed to write a Session Hean?

Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0o write a session bean, you will need to create the following:


(ome )nterface 78 9(ome )nterface9 Aemote )nterface 78 9Aemote )nterface9 0he actual bean class which implements the SessionHean )nterface

Score: &otes: =. Suppose you ha$e an (00C ser$let that o$errides the doKet() method for recei$ing K80 re5uests. What are the names of the two classes passed into the doKet() method that will allow you to recei$e re5uests and to respond to the Web client?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he two ob1ect types are (ttpSer$letAe5uest 78 9(ttpSer$letAe5uest9 and (ttpSer$letAesponse 78 9(ttpSer$letAesponse9 . 0he (ttpSer$letAe5uest ob1ect represents the client;s re5uest and pro$ides the ser$let with access to information about the client, the parameters for the re5uest, and the (00C headers passed along with the re5uest. 0he (ttpSer$letAesponse ob1ect represents the ser$let;s response and is used to return data to the client. (ere is the signature of an e"ample doKet() method:
public $oid doKet( (ttpSer$letAe5uest re5 , (ttpSer$letAesponse res )

throws Ser$let8"ception, )#8"ception _`

Score: &otes: >. Ki$en an (00C C@0 method, what is the corresponding method in the (ttpSer$let 78 9(ttpSer$let9 class that will be called upon in$ocation?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he doCut() method. 0he doCut() method of the (ttpSer$let abstract class is used to handle the (00C C@0 type re5uest. Score: &otes: 1?. )n a La$a Ser$er Cage (LSC), how would you declare a String ob1ect named first&ame and assign it the $alue of DSaraE?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

4aM Score: &otes:

String

first&ame

new

String(DSaraE)T

a6

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG


S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

(EE #evelop$ent .oncepts

1. / L'88 application is di$ided into components based on the function they need to support. What are the components defined in the L'88 specification? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: /pplication clients and applets are components that run on the client machine. Score: &otes: '. La$a Ser$lets and La$aSer$er Cages (LSC) are Web!based components that run within a Web container 78 9Web container9 on the ser$er. Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 8nterprise La$aHeans 78 98nterprise La$aHeans9 (8LH 78 98LH9 Ut 9See 8nterprise La$aHeans9 ) components (also nown as enterprise beans) are business components that are run within an 8LH container 78 98LH container9 on the ser$er. Score: &otes: *. What is the Aemote Bethod )n$ocation 78 9Aemote Bethod )n$ocation9 (AB) 78 9AB)9 Ut 9See Aemote Bethod )n$ocation9 ) Crotocol? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: Aemote Bethod )n$ocation (AB)) is a set of /C)s that allows de$elopers to build distributed applications using the La$a programming language. +efined in the La$a language, AB) uses interfaces to define remote ob1ects with a combination of La$a seriali.ation and the La$a Aemote Bethod Crotocol 78 9La$a Aemote Bethod Crotocol9 (LABC 78 9LABC9 Ut 9See a$a Aemote Bethod Crotocol9 ) to turn local method in$ocations into remote method in$ocation.
Score:

&otes:

,. What is the La$a Aemote Bethod Crotocol (LABC)? Skill Level: (igh Expected answer: La$a Aemote Bethod Crotocol 78 9La$a Aemote Bethod Crotocol9 (LABC) is a proprietary wire!le$el protocol designed by Sun Bicrosystems to support the transparent mechanism re5uired for communication between ob1ects in the La$a language that reside in different address spaces. 0he L'88 supports the LABC protocol but does not appear to use the term any longerT simply referring to it as the DAB) transport protocolE. LABC basically ser$es the same function as ))#C, but also supports ob1ect passing.
Score: &otes:

2. What is a deployment descriptor? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: / deployment descriptor is an 7BL 78 97BL9 file that accompanies each module of a L'88 application. )t describes the specific configuration re5uirements that need to be resol$ed for the module or application to be installed successfully to an application ser$er.
Score: &otes:

:.

L'88 8nterprise /pplications, with all of their modules (Web, client, business tier), are pac aged into what type of file? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 0hey are pac aged into an 8nterprise /rchi$e 78 98nterprise /rchi$e9 (8/A 78 98/A9 Ut 9See 8nterprise /rchi$e9 ) file. /n 8/A file is

nothing more than a standard La$a /rchi$e (L/A 78 9L/A9 ) file with an .ear e"tension.
Score: &otes:

<. What types of files and modules can be found in an 8nterprise /rchi$e (8/A) file? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: /n 8/A file can comprise W/A, 8LH L/A 78 9L/A9 , A/A, and L/A files along with the application descriptor fileT application."ml.
Score: &otes:

=. What are Web archi$e 78 9Web archi$e9 (W/A 78 9W/A9 Ut 9See Web archi$e9 ) files? What is the standard file e"tension to a W/A file? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: / W/A file is used to pac age "ava modules for the purpose of deploying them to an application ser$er. / W/A file has a standard file e"tension .war. / Web /rchi$e (W/A) file is a La$a archi$e file (created using the 1ar utility) used to store one or more of the following:
+escripti$e meta!information La$a Ser$lets La$aSer$er Cages (LSC) @tility libraries and classes Static documents, such as (0BL files, images, and possibly sound files. 3lient!side programs li e applets, beans, and classes.

/ Web module can represent a stand!alone Web application, or it can be combined with other modules (for e"ample, 8LH modules) to form a full L'88 application.
Score: &otes:

>.

What are the two transport protocols used by L'88 Web!based client applications? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: Web clients can use either the (00C or (00CS transport protocol.
Score: &otes:

1?. What is the 8nterprise )nformation System 78 98nterprise )nformation System9 (8)S 78 98)S9 Ut 9See 8nterprise )nformation System9 ) 0ier within the L'88 en$ironment? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he 8)S tier includes your bac end and legacy systems and normally includes the companies; 8nterprise Aesource Clanning 78 98nterprise Aesource Clanning9 (8AC 78 98AC9 Ut 9See 8nterprise Aesource Clanning9 ) system, mainframe transaction processing systems, database systems, and other legacy information systems. / typical L'88 enterprise application will need to communicate re5uest and response processing with these legacy systems within the 8)S 0ier. )ntegrating new L'88 application with the 8)S tier has assumed great importance because enterprises are stri$ing to le$erage their e"isting systems and resources while adopting and de$eloping new technologies and architectures.
Score: &otes:

11. What is the standard architecture used for connecting to the 8nterprise )nformation System 78 98nterprise )nformation System9 (8)S) tier from the L'88 platform? Skill Level: (igh Expected answer: 0he L'88 3onnector /rchitecture.
Score: &otes:

1'. What are some of the types of containers defined in the L'88 architecture and what are they used for? Where are they located (client, application ser$er, database ser$er)? Skill Level: Low Expected answer:
Application client container - 78 9/pplication client container9 0his type of container is found on the client machine and is responsible for running and managing the e"ecution of all application client components for a single L'88 application. /n applet container, for e"ample, is a combination of a Web browser and La$a plug!in located on the client machine. E / container 78 98LH container9 - 0he 8LH container is responsible for running and managing the e"ecution of all enterprise beans for a single L'88 application. 0he 8LH container is run on the application ser$er. 0eb container - / Web container 78 9Web container9 is responsible for running and managing the e"ecution of all LSC and ser$let components for a single L'88 application. 0he Web container and its components are run on the application ser$er.
Score: &otes:

1*. Why would you use a modeling tool for designing a L'88 application? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: Bodeling tools are used to because of the increasing comple"ity of today;s enterprise application systems and their components. 0hese tools

allow you to $isuali.e the processes used for constructing documenting the design and structure of an application. 0hey pro$ide a means for showing the many components, interdependencies, and how they relate to other components subsystems in a large and comple" application.
Score: &otes:

and also their and

1,. What is the most popular modeling tool used for designing large and comple" L'88 applications? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 0he @nified Bodeling Language 78 9@nified Bodeling Language9 (@BL 78 9@BL9 Ut 9See @nified Bodeling Language9 ).
Score: &otes:

12. What is a transaction? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: / transaction is a brac et of processing or a se5uence of information e"change and related wor that represents a logical unit of wor . )t can be thought of as an Dall or nothingE contractT all of the processing must be completed or else the transaction management component (sometimes called a transaction monitor) should restore (rollbac ) the application to the status as it was before the start of the transaction.
Score: &otes:

1:. What is /3)+ 78 9/3)+9 as it relates to transactions? Skill Level: (igh Expected answer:

/3)+ is an acronym used to describe the four primary attributes ensured to any transaction by a transaction manager (sometimes called a transaction monitor or 0C monitor). 0hese attributes are:
Ato$icit&. 78 9/3)+:/tomicity9 )n a transaction in$ol$ing two or more discrete pieces of information, either all of the pieces are committed or none are. 0his is sometimes referred to as the Dall!or!nothingE property. 0his property defines that the entire se5uence of operations are successful or the entire se5uence is entirely unsuccessful. Successfully completed transactions are committed, while unsuccessful (partially e"ecuted) transactions are rolled bac . .onsistenc&. 78 9/3)+:3onsistency9 0ransaction must always wor on a consistent $iew of data. /lso, when a transaction ends, it must lea$e the data in a consistent state. 0his property ensures that a transaction ne$er lea$es the database in a half!finished state. While a transaction is e"ecuting, it may be possible for certain constraints be $iolated (as with deferred transactions), but no other transaction will be allowed to see these inconsistencies. When the transaction ends, all such inconsistencies will ha$e been eliminated. ,solation. 78 9/3)+:)solation9 -or a gi$en transaction that is in process and not yet committed, it must remain isolated from any other transaction. 0his property eeps transactions separated from each other until theyQre finished. -or a gi$en transaction, it should appear as though it is running all by itself [ the effects of other concurrently running transactions on the system are in$isible to this transaction. 0he effects of this transaction are in$isible to others until the transaction is committed. #urabilit&. 78 9/3)+:+urability9 0his property defines that the results of any committed data is permanent. 3ommitted data is sa$ed by the system such that, e$en in the e$ent of a failure and system restart, the data is a$ailable in its correct state.

Score: &otes:

1<. /re L/A 78 9L/A9 files meant to be platform independent? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: Res. L/A files are based on the popular ])C file format and are cross! platform so de$elopers do not ha$e to worry about platform issues. Score: &otes:

1=. What is the protocol used for communicating between 3#AH/ ob1ect re5uest bro ers (#AHs)? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: )nternet )nter!#AH Crotocol 78 9)nternet )nter!#AH Crotocol9 ())#C 78 9))#C9 Ut 9See )nternet )nter!#AH Crotocol9 ) Score: &otes:

1>. What is Aemote Bethod )n$ocation 78 9Aemote Bethod )n$ocation9 (AB))? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: AB) is a distributed ob1ect model that allows a La$a ob1ect running in one La$a Yirtual Bachine 78 9La$a Yirtual Bachine9 (LYB 78 9LYB9 Ut 9See La$a Yirtual Bachine9 ) to in$o e methods on another La$a ob1ect running in a different LYB. Score: &otes:

'?. Rou are designing a L'88 application that needs to implement asynchronous messaging? Which L'88 ser$ice would you use? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: La$a Bessage Ser$ice 78 9La$a Bessage Ser$ice9 (LBS 78 9LBS9 Ut 9See La$a Bessage Ser$ice9 ). Score: &otes:

'1. Which L'88 ser$ice /C) would you use to allow applications and L'88 ser$ers to use transactions? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: La$a 0ransaction /C) 78 9La$a 0ransaction /C)9 (L0/). Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

ava Server Pa"es ( SP)


1. 78 9La$a Ser$er Cages9 LSC are not directly handled by the application container. What are LSCs con$erted to so they can be handled by the Web application container? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: LSCs are con$erted to ser$lets. Score: &otes:

'. /re you supposed to put LSC files in the same directory where La$a ser$lets are stored? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: &o. LSC files along with any other static pages (i.e. (0BL files) that are to be called directly should be put in the application root directory for the application. Score:

&otes:

*. Hriefly describe the lifecycle of a LSC? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:
Translate the pa"e. /ll tags are con$erted to La$a source code [ a ser$let. .o$pile the pa"e. 0he La$a source code (ser$let) is compiled into a class file. Load the class. 0he ser$let class gets loaded on its first re5uest from a user. .reate an instance o1 the class. 0he ser$let container creates an instance of the class.

%ake call to 2spinit. 0he ser$let container will initiali.e the ser$let instance by calling its 1spinit method. %ake a call to 32spService. 0he ser$let container will then ma e a call to the G1spSer$ice method while passing in a request and response ob1ect. %ake a call to 2sp#estro&. When the container needs to remo$e the LSC page from ser$ice, it will call the 1sp+estroy method.

Score: &otes:

,. Why is the response to a LSC file always slow for the first client re5uest? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: When the LSC page is first called, it must go through a translate and compile stage which can be resource intensi$e. /fter it is con$erted to a ser$let, the loads are $ery 5uic . Score: &otes:

2. Within a LSC page, you need to declare and initiali.e a String ob1ect named database to the $alue of D#racleE. (ow would you accomplish this? Skill Level: Low Expected answer:
4aM String database N new String (D#racleE)T a6

Score: &otes:

:. What are the two types of comments that can be put into a LSC page? Skill Level: Low Expected answer:
(0BL comment: 4M!! comment !!6 LSC comment: 4a!! comment !!a6

Score: &otes:

<. Within a LSC page, you ha$e access to se$eral ob1ects that are implicitly declared. #ne of those ob1ects is the response ob1ect. What are some of the things you can do with this ob1ect? Skill Level: (igh Expected answer: Rou can use the response ob1ect to perform the following:
/dd coo ies Aeturn an error page /dd a header Aedirect the browser to another @AL Set the (00C status

Score: &otes:

=. (ow do you import other La$a class files into your LSC page, 1ust as you would do in a normal La$a program? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: Rou would use the import directi$e as shown in the following e"ample:
4a\ page importNE1a$a.util.IT1a$a.s5l.IE a6

Score: &otes:

>. )f you ha$e a LSC page that must retain the session of each client, what directi$e would you set to inform the translation step to instantiate an (ttpSession ob1ect? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: /t the page le$el, you would set the session attribute to true as shown in the following e"ample:
4a\ page sessionNEtrueE a6

Score: &otes:

1?. What is the default $alue for the session attribute in a LSC page? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: 0rue. )f you do not session trac ing, you would ha$e to set the session attribute to false:
4a\ page sessionNEfalseE a6

Score: &otes:

11. )n a LSC file, how do you include the contents (source code) of another LSC into your code? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: Rou would use the include directi$e as shown in the following e"ample:
4a\ include fileNEmy#therLsp-ileE a6

Score: &otes:

1'. Rou ha$e a La$aHean named Dcom.acme.myHeanE that you would li e to declare and use in a LSC file. 0he bean should be scoped for the page and the ob1ect to be named DmyHeanE. What is the synta" to perform this? Skill Level: Low Expected answer:
41sp:useHean idNEmyHeanE scopeNEpageE classNEcom.acme.myHeanE F6

Score: &otes:

1*. Rou are using a La$aHean within a LSC and want this same bean ob1ect to be shared by different users. What would you set the scope attribute to when declaring the bean in order to allow this? Skill Level: Bedium

Expected answer: Rou would need to specify the scope attribute as DapplicationE as shown in the following e"ample:
41sp:useHean idNEmyHeanE scopeNEapplicationE classNEcom.acme.myHeanE F6

Score: &otes:

1,. Rou ha$e a La$aHean declared in your LSC page that is named with the )+ N DmyHeanE. (ow would you retrie$e the attribute named DamountE from this ob1ect gi$en a correctly defined La$aHean? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: @se the following synta":
41sp:getCroperty nameNEmyHeanE propertyNEamountE F6

Score: &otes:

12. Which file contains the instructions to the container on where to find tab libraries by mapping a custom tag library @A) to the actual tag library file? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

0he Web deployment descriptor file: Web."ml. Score: &otes:

1:. Rou want to include a custom tag library in a LSC page. 0he @A) for the library is DFmy+H0agLibraryE and the tag prefi" you want to use in your LSC page is DdbE. (ow would you write the tag library directi$e in your LSC page to perform this? Skill Level: )ntermedaite Expected answer:
4a\ taglib uriNEFmy+H0agLibraryE prefi"NEdbE a6

Score: &otes:

1<. When writing a tag handler La$a class, which class do you need to e"tend? Skill Level: (igh Expected answer: 1a$a".ser$let.1sp.tage"t.0agSupport Score: &otes:

1=. Rou ha$e 1ust coded and compiled a tag handler La$a class to ser$ice custom tags in your LSC. Where do you put the tag handler classes? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

0he tag handler La$a classes should be places in the W8H!)&-Fclasses directory of your Web application. Score: &otes:

1>. Rou ha$e a LSC page that is not thread safe. What directi$e would you set to indicate this in your LSC page? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: Rou would set the is0hreadSafe attribute to false as shown in the following e"ample:
4a\ page is0hreadSafeNEfalseE a6

Score: &otes:

'?. (ow do you declare in a LSC page that it should use an error page named Dapp8rror.1spE? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: Rou would use the following:
4a\ page errorCageNEapp8rror.1spE a6

Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

ava /eans

1. What is a La$aHean? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: / La$aHean is specification de$eloped by Sun Bicrosystems that defines how La$a ob1ects interact. Specifically, they are reusable software components written in the La$a programming language, designed to be manipulated $isually by a software de$elopment en$ironment ()+8), li e LHuilder 78 9LHuilder9 , Yisual /ge for La$a 78 9Yisual /ge for La$a9 , or L+e$eloper 78 9L+e$eloper9 [ basically any application that understands the La$aHeans format.. La$aHeans are $ery similar to BicrosoftQs /cti$e7 components, but designed to be platform!neutralT running anywhere there is a La$a Yirtual Bachine 78 9La$a Yirtual Bachine9 (LYB). La$aHeans can be dropped into an application container, (i.e. a form), and can then be used to perform functions ranging from a simple animation to comple" calculations. Score: &otes:

'.

(ow do La$aHeans differ from 8nterprise La$aHeans 78 98nterprise La$aHeans9 ? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he La$aHeans architecture is meant to pro$ide a format for general! purpose components within a La$a application. 0hey are basically used to Dcustomi$e existing ob ectsE. 0hin about a button on a form that, when pressed, does not remain pressed [ it bounces bac to its off state, li e a door!bell. 0he button acts as a single!state switch. &ow you ha$e to create a button that should ha$e two stable states [ li e a typical light switch. )n this case, you can ta e the e"isting button (the one ha$ing only one stable state) and Dcustomi.eE it so that it has two stable states. 0he 8nterprise La$a Heans 78 98nterprise La$a Heans9 (8LH) architecture, on the other hand, pro$ides a format for highly speciali.ed business (distributed) logic components. )t is a completely distincti$e concept than the one 1ust mentioned abo$e. 8LH;s are not used to customi.e an e"isting ob1ect. )nstead they are used to Dstandardi.eE the way, in which business logic is written. -or e"ample, it is possible to write our business logic within the K@) logic, and also inside Ser$lets,

/pplets, and Standalone applications. @nfortunately, there is no clear distinction between the code that is responsible for the K@) and the actual business logic code, because all of the code is written inside the same class files. 0here is no chance for code reuse. Hy using 8LHs, we can Dcomponenti.eE the application by writing the business logic into separate class files than the K@) logic. 0his ma es a clear distinction between the responsibilities of the K@) logic and the business logic. Score: &otes:

*.

What type of constructor is re5uired for a class to be considered a La$aHean? Skill Level: Low Expected answer: )t must ha$e a Dno!argE constructor. Score: &otes:

,. What are the four re5uirements of a La$a class to be considered a La$aHean? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:
0he class must contain a no!arg constructor.

0he class will use standardi.ed method names (getterFsetter method naming paradigm) for property assessors and mutators. 0here are no public instance $ariables. 0he class must be public.

Score: &otes:

2.

Rou want to include a La$aHean in a LSC page. Which three attributes should be supplied? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

/n )+ [ which pro$ides a local name for the bean 0he Hean;s 3lass &ame [ which is used to instantiate the bean if it does not e"it / Scope [ which specifies the lifetime of the bean, which by default is DpageE

Score: &otes:

:. What would the synta" be if you wanted to include a La$aHean in a LSC with the following attributes: )+ N DmyHeanE 3lass N Dcom.acme.ByHeanE Scope N DsessionE Skill Level: Low Expected answer:
41sp:useHean idN9myHean9 classN9com.mycompany.ByHean9 scopeN9session9 F6

Score: &otes:

<. What are the possible $alues for the DscopeE attribute when initiating a La$aHean within a LSC document using the 1sp:useHean action? What is the default $alue?

Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he scope attribute defines the scope within which the reference is a$ailable. 0he possible $alues are page, request, session, and application. 0he default for the scope attribute is page. Score: &otes:

=. Rou are using a La$aHean in a LSC and want to pro$ide initial $alues when the bean gets created. (ow do you perform this? Skill Level: (igh Expected answer: Rou would put the initiali.ation code in the body of the 1sp:useHean action tag. 0he body will not be e"ecuted if the bean already e"ists. (ere is an e"ample that utili.es the $alues used in the pre$ious 5uestion:
41sp:useHean idN9myHean9 classN9com.mycompany.ByHean9 scopeN9session96 4a!! this body is e"ecuted only if the bean is created. &ow let;s initiali.e some of the bean properties. !!a6 41sp:setCroperty nameN9myHean9 propertyN9prop19 $alueN91'*9 F6 4F1sp:useHean6

Score:

&otes:

>. Rou ha$e included and initiated a La$aHean in a LSC named DmyHeanE. What is the synta" of the action to perform in order to print the $alue of the property Dprop1E to the generated output? Skill Level: Low Expected answer:
41sp:getCroperty nameNEmyHeanE propertyNEprop1E6

Score: &otes:

1?. When you include a La$aHean in a LSC using the 1sp:useHean action, it declares a local La$a $ariable to hold the bean ob1ect. What is the local La$a $ariable name that it creates? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0he name of the local La$a $ariable that gets created from the 1sp:useHean action is e"actly the $alue of the )+ attribute. )n the action below, a local La$a $ariable named DuseHeanE will be created.
41sp:useHean idN9m%Bean9 classN9com.mycompany.ByHean9 scopeN9session9 F6

Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG Skill Level: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

. Pro"ra$$in" Questions
1. 8"plain the use of the compiler directi$e #include +
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:
#include

78 9Pinclude9 instructs the compiler to insert the contents of a

file. Score: &otes: '. 8"plain the use of the compiler directi$e #define +
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

78 9Pdefine9 )t is used to set nown $alues for the compiler. Rou can use it to state a nown $alue;s name for e"ample: #define DEBUG or to state a substituted $alue for e"ample: #define NEWVALUE 8. Score: &otes: *. 8"plain the use of the compiler directi$e #pragma +
Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

78 9Ppragma9 alerts the compiler that the following instructions are to be ignored if the compiler does not understand them.
#pragma

Score: &otes: ,. What directi$e is used to designate the end of a #if bloc of code?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer: :endi1 78 9Pendif9

Score: &otes: 2. What mar ers are used to define comments within 3 code?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

FI and IF Score: &otes: :. What symbols can be used in an identifier?


Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

#nly the underscore can be used in the name of an identifier. Score: &otes: <. What symbol goes at the end of each 3 statement?

Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

/ semicolon goes at the end of each 3 statement. Score: &otes: =. +escribe a bloc .
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

/ bloc is a series of 3 statements which are contained within a pair of curly braces. Score: &otes: >. 3an a 3 structure include a pointer to itself?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

Res Score: &otes: 1?. )s $oid main() the correct declaration for main()?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

&o

Score: &otes: 11. What is the name of the function that e$ery 3 program must contain and is the starting point for e"ecution of your 3 program? (ow many times must it appear? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: main() )t can appear only once. Score: &otes: 1'. What are the three techni5ues to define a constant $ariable in 3?
Skill Level: (igh Expected answer:

@sing the preprocessor directi$e #define: -or e"ample:


:de1ine pi ;,.<.=

@sing the const eyword when defining the $ariable: -or e"ample:
const 1loat pi > ;,.<.=?

0he third techni5ue is to use an enumeration. /n enumeration is used to define a set of constants. 0his is a useful techni5ue to define a set of constants as opposed to using multiple Pdefine preprocessor directi$es.

-or e"ample:
enum days _ BondayN1 , 0uesday , Wednesday , 0hursday , -riday , Saturday , Sunday `T

Score: &otes: 1*. What is a function prototype? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: / function prototype is used to declare a function before it is actually used. )t is considered good programming practice to declare all functions before their use. / function prototype declares the function name, its parameters, and its return type to the rest of the program prior to the function;s actual declaration. Score: &otes: 1,. What is the name of the 3 library that contains standard )F# functions and how would you include it in a 3 program? Skill level: Bedium

Expected answer: 0he name of the 3 library that contains standard )F# functions is (ere is an e"ample of how to include this in a 3 program:
... Pinclude 4stdio.h6 ...
stdio.h.

Score: &otes: 12. 3onsider the code segment below. Why does this code print out that the $alues are e5ual? What would you do to correct this program?
1: Pinclude 4stdio.h6 ': *: main() _ ,: 2: :: <: =: >: if (aNb) _ printf(90he two $alues are e5ual.Un9)T int aN2T int bN=T

1?: ` else _ 11: 1': ` 1*: 1,: ` a a.out printf(90he two $alues are &#0 e5ual.Un9)T

0he two $alues are e5ual.

Skill level: Low Expected answer: 0he 3 programming language uses the operator for chec ing e5uality. )n our e"ample, we accidentally used the operator in line =, which is used to assign a $alue. 0o correct the program, we would replace line = with the following
=: if (a NN b) _

Score: &otes: 1:. Write a simple code segment that declares a fi$e element integer array named DaE. /fter creating the array, continue the code segment by assigning an integer $alue to each of the 2 elements in the array. -inish off the e"ample by looping through the array and printing each element to S0+#@0 using a -#A loop. Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: (ere is an e"ample code segment:
Pinclude 4stdio.h6 main() _ int aW2XT int iT aW?X N 1?T aW1X N '?T aW'X N *?T aW*X N ,?T aW,X N 2?T

for (iN?T i42T iJJ) _ printf(98lement WadX N adUn9, i, aWiX)T ` ` a a.out 8lement W?X N 1? 8lement W1X N '? 8lement W'X N *? 8lement W*X N ,? 8lement W,X N 2?

Score: &otes: 1<. What type of $ariable in 3 is used to store a memory address that can be used to point to another $ariable? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: / pointer $ariable. Score: &otes: 1=. Write a sample code segment that declares two $ariables: (1) / normal integer $ariable named i that is assigned the $alue of 2 and (') / pointer to an integer $ariable named 7. /fter declaring the two $ariables, assign the memory address of the $ariable i to 7, -inally, print the $alue being pointed to by the $ariable 7 to standard out. Skill level: (igh Expected answer:

Score: &otes: 1>. )s there a problem with the code segment below? )f so, how would you fi" it?
Pinclude 4stdio.h6 main() _ int iN2T int I1T 1 N ViT printf(90he $alue pointed to by 1 is ad.Un9, I1)T ` a a.out 0he $alue pointed to by 1 is 2.

Skill level: (igh Expected answer: 0he code segment abo$e contains a common bug and will often cause a segmentation fault (core dump) when run. 0his is caused by attempting to use an un!initiali.ed pointer $ariable. 0o fi" this program, we should initiali.e the pointer $ariable p as in the following code:
Pinclude 4stdio.h6 main() _ int IpT p N (int I) malloc(1Isi.eof(int))T FI )nitiali.e Cointer IF Ip N 2T printf(90he $alue pointed to by p is ad.Un9, Ip)T

Score: &otes: '?. Why is it important to chec the return $alue from a call to the malloc%& 78 9malloc%&9 function? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: Rou should always chec the return $alue of any call to the malloc%& function as the return $alue can be used to determine if malloc%& was actually able to allocate the re5uested memory from the heap. )f the malloc%& function returns a $alue of .ero, this indicates that the malloc%& function was not able to allocate the re5uested amount of memory ! more than li ely because the machine is out of memory. Score: &otes: '1. 8"plain how 0ypedef names are automatically created for structure tags? Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer: 0hey aren;t automatically created. Score: &otes: ''. What would you be doing to a file if you used the function mmap%& and then used the function si$eof%&? Skill level: Bedium Expected answer: /ttempting to learn the si.e of the file before reading it in. Score:

&otes:

Section a$erage score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

. 44 Questions
1. 8"plain why you might need to use Language!/daptable (eader -iles 78 9Language!/daptable (eader -iles9 in a 3JJ program.
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

3JJ programs will often need to interface with 3 programs so it is important for the header file to be compatible with the 3 standards. Score: &otes: '. 8"plain the significance of using )dempotent (eader -iles 78 9)dempotent (eader -iles9 ?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

/n idempotent header file is one that wor s with multiple inclusions. /n effecti$e header file needs to be capable of adapting to different $ersions of 3 and 3JJ. Score: &otes: *. Which ind of comment automatically ends at the end of a line?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

/ comment that is mar ed with a double slash (FF) terminates at the end of a line.

Score: &otes: ,. 8"plain what is re5uired to end a comment that originates with a slash and a star (FI)?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

/ slash star comment will continue from line to line unless you insert a star slash (IF) to signal the end of the comment. Score: &otes: 2. )s 3JJ case sensiti$e?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

Res Score: &otes: :. 8"plain the significance of white space in 3JJ statements?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

Whitespace within statements is usually ignored. (owe$er, it can be used to ma e statements easier to read. Score: &otes:

<. What is an e"pression?


Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

)n 3JJ an e"pression is a statement that returns a $alue. -or e"ample ,J2T pro$ides the $alue > ma ing it an e"pression. Score: &otes: =. 8"plain why constants are always l!$alues?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0hey aren;tM 3onstants are r!$alues which means they reside on the right side of an assignment operator. Score: &otes: >. What is an assignment operator?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he e5ual sign (N) is an assignment operator which causes the operand on the left side to ha$e its $alue changed to the $alue that is displayed on the right side. Score: &otes: 1?. 8"plain why constants are always r!$alues?
Skill Level: Low

Expected answer:

3onstants are considered r!$alues because they reside on the right side of an assignment operator. Score: &otes: 11. 8"plain the modulus operator?
Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

0he modulus operator is the mathematical operator that is used to determine the remainder that is dropped after an integer di$ision. Score: &otes: 1'. Why do you always include a semicolon after an if statement?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

Rou should ne$er include a semicolon after an if statement as it will terminate the statement causing it to be ineffecti$e. Score: &otes: 1*. 8"plain the result of the e"pression income JN 1????
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he result would be the $alue of income plus 1??? so assuming income e5uals 2?,??? the result would be 21,???.

Score: &otes: 1,. What is the increment operator? What does it do?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he increment operator is plus plus (JJ) and it increases a $ariable;s $alue by one. Score: &otes: 12. What is the decrement operator? What does it do?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he decrement operator is minus minus (!!) and it decreases a $ariable;s $alue by one. Score: &otes: 1:. 8"plain the two $arieties of the increment and decrement operators? What do they do?
Skill Level: Low Expected answer: When the operator is placed before the $ariable name it falls in the prefi" category and when it comes after the $ariable name it is of the postfi" $ariety. When the operator is in the prefi" position it is processed before the assignment, when in the postfi" position it is processed after assignment.

Score: &otes: 1<. What is the result of the following statement?


a N < J ' I :T Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he answer would be 1> because the multiplication operation is performed before the addition. Score: &otes: 1=. )n what order are nested parentheses read?
Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

&ested parentheses are read from the inside out. Score: &otes:

1>. 3an you name si" relational operators?


Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he si" relational operators are e5uals (NN), not e5uals (MN), greater than (6), less than (4),greater than or e5ual to (6N) and less than or e5ual to (4N). Score:

&otes: '?. 3an you name three logical operators?


Skill Level: Low Expected answer:

0he three logical operators are:


/nd #r &ot VV bb M

Score: &otes: '1. What is a 3JJ ternary operator? 8"plain what it does.
Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

0he ternary operator (?:) is a conditional operator which processes three e"pressions and returns the appropriate $alue. Score: &otes: ''. What is the difference between direct and indirect recursion?
Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

+irect recursion is a function calling itself. )t is indirect recursion when a function calls another function which in turn calls the first function.

Score: &otes: '*. What are 3JJ classes?


Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

3lasses are data types that you create including data members or $ariables of $arious types which are called ob1ects. 3lasses also contain methods or member functions which are used to perform ser$ices and manipulate the member data. Score: &otes: ',. What is a $irtual copy constructor?
Skill Level: Bedium Expected answer:

/ $irtual copy constructor is a copy constructor which has been called by a $irtual method within a class. Score: &otes:

Section average score: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG S ill Le$el: GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

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