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JURISDICTION IN GENERAL

Jurisdiction In General

The word JURISDICTION is derived from 2 Latin words: 1.) JURIS !aw" 2.) DICO to s#ea$% or to sa&. So% in effe't% when &o( sa& )(risdi'tion% !itera!!& trans!ated% it means% I speak by the law. It means that &o( are sa&in* +I s#ea$ with a(thorit&, -e'a(se when &o( invo$e the !aw% then &o(r a't is a(thori.ed. /ven in o!d times when the re#resentatives of the $in* or the soverei*n wi!! tr& to arrest some-od& or wi!! tr& to enter &o(r ho(se% the& o#en (# in the name of the !aw. The& wi!! a!wa&s invo$e +in the name of the !aw., So when &o( sa&% +I s#ea$ -& the !aw, I wi!! do it in the name of the !aw. It 'onnotes a(thorit& or #ower. 0o( 'annot -e wron*. 1ow 'an &o( -e wron* if &o( are doin* it in the name of the !aw2 So more or !ess )(risdi'tion sim#!& means a(thorit& or #ower. So more or !ess that is the who!e 'on'e#t of )(risdi'tion. It sim#!& means a(thorit& or #ower. That is #re'ise!& what )(risdi'tion is a!! a-o(t. JURISDICTION sim#!& means the #ower of the 'o(rt to hear tr& and de'ide a 'ase. In its 'om#!ete as#e't% )(risdi'tion in'!(des not on!& the #owers to hear and de'ide a 'ase% -(t a!so the #ower to enfor'e the )(d*ment. 314 5m. J(r. 6768674) 9: :hat is the effe't if the 'o(rt has no )(risdi'tion2 5: If a 'o(rt has no )(risdi'tion% it has no #ower or a(thorit& to tr& a 'ase and that is a 'on'e#t &o( a!read& $now in Crimina! ;ro'ed(re. :itho(t )(risdi'tion% the tria! is n(!! and void as we!! as the )(d*ment. Let<s *o to a 'rimina! 'ase. Can &o( fi!e an information for m(rder -efore the =TC2 Or 'an &o( fi!e an information for s!i*ht #h&si'a! in)(ries -efore the RTC2 There is somethin* wron* there. If a s!i*ht #h&si'a! in)(r& 'ase is fi!ed a*ainst &o( in the RTC% what wi!! &o( do2 If I<m the !aw&er of the a''(sed wh& wi!! I a!!ow m& '!ient to -e arrai*ned and to -e tried when ever&thin* is n(!! and void. >a#o&8$a#o& !an* a$o. So I<!! fi!e a motion to ?(ash (nder R(!e 11@. That<s the same thin* in 'ivi! 'ases. If &o( fi!e a 'ivi! 'ase -efore a 'o(rt that has no )(risdi'tion% then it 'an -e dismissed for !a'$ of )(risdi'tion. JURISDICTION vs. /A/RCIS/ OB JURISDICTION Now% !et (s not 'onf(se )(risdi'tion with 'ertain terms re!ated to it. 9: Distin*(ish jurisdiction from exercise of jurisdiction. 5: The a(thorit& to de'ide a 'ase% not the de'ision rendered% is what ma$es (# )(risdi'tion. It does not de#end (#on the re*(!arit& of the eCer'ise of that #ower or (#on the ri*htf(!ness of the de'ision made. :here there is )(risdi'tion over of the #erson and s(-)e't matter% the reso!(tion of a!! other ?(estions arisin* in the 'ase is -(t an eCer'ise of )(risdi'tion. 31errera vs. Darreto% 2E ;hi!. 24E) In other words% JURISDICTION is the a(thorit&. If I have no a(thorit&% I 'annot a't. 5nd if I have a(thorit&% I 'an a't. Now% if the 'o(rt has a(thorit&% it wi!! tr& the 'ase and render )(d*ment. Now% what the 'o(rt wi!! do !ater% !i$e tr& the 'ase and render )(d*ment is mere!& an /A/RCIS/ OB ITS JURISDICTION. So the tria! and )(d*ment are a!! #rod('ts of the eCer'ise of )(risdi'tion. 0o( 'annot ta!$ of eCer'ise witho(t havin* first the a(thorit&. It is a (se!ess #ro'ed(re when &o( sa& +I wi!! eCer'ise somethin* whi'h I do not have., 9: :h& is it im#ortant to distin*(ish )(risdi'tion from eCer'ise of )(risdi'tion2

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Jurisdiction In General

5: Definite!&% a 'o(rt a'tin* as s('h ma& 'ommit errors or mista$es. That is wh& the a'tion of the 'o(rt 'an -e ?(estioned !ater in a hi*her 'o(rt. 5 'o(rt 'an 'ommit an error whi'h is either an error of )(risdi'tion or an error of )(d*ment. /A5=;L/: 5 'ase of m(rder was fi!ed in the =TC. The a''(sed% >en S(r% fi!es a motion to ?(ash -e'a(se =TC has no )(risdi'tion over 'ases of m(rder. /h% F&on* )(d*e i-a man F&on* !i-ro ni&a% +No% I have )(risdi'tion., So the 'o(rt denied the motion to ?(ash. =eanin*% the )(d*e has de'ided to ass(me )(risdi'tion. So% meanin* from the ver& start ma!i na. Now what do &o( 'a!! that2 :hen the 'o(rt witho(t a(thorit& ass(mes a(thorit& over the 'ase that is 'a!!ed /RROR OB JURISDICTION the 'o(rt 'ommitted an error of )(risdi'tion. /A5=;L/: S(##ose the 'ase for m(rder is fi!ed in the RTC where the 'o(rt has )(risdi'tion. So wa!an* ma!i% ever&thin* is 'orre't. D(t in the 'o(rse of the tria!% &o( 'annot avoid mista$es -ein* 'ommitted !i$e for eCam#!e% the 'o(rt misinter#retin* the #rovision of the R;C sa&in* that this is a re?(irement% this is not a re?(irement for the 'rime. =eanin* misa##!i'ation or misinter#retation of the R;C as we!! as misinter#retation of the r(!es of eviden'e wron* inter#retation of the !aw. 5nd the a''(sed was 'onvi'ted -(t a't(a!!& tin*in mo ma!i man ito% di -aG Under the !aw% this e!ements was not 'onsidered or this e!ement was 'onsidered as #resent. Do &o( sa& the de'ision of the )(d*e is n(!! and void2 NO% the )(d*ment is va!id $a&a !an* ma!i. So% &o( do not sa& the 'o(rt 'ommitted an error in the eCer'ise of )(risdi'tion% and that is 'a!!ed an /RROR OB JUDH=/NT. 5nd that was a!so as$ed in the -ar. /RROR OB JURISDICTION vs. /RROR OB JUDH=/NT D5R 9U/STION: Distin*(ish /RRORS OB JURISDICTION from /RRORS OB JUDH=/NT. 5: The fo!!owin* are the distin'tions: 1.) :hen a 'o(rt a'?(ires )(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter% the de'ision or order on a!! other ?(estions arisin* in the 'ase is -(t an eCer'ise of )(risdi'tion" /rrors whi'h the 'o(rt ma& 'ommit in the eCer'ise of s('h )(risdi'tion are mere!& /RRORS OB JUDH=/NT" whereas, :hen a 'o(rt ta$es 'o*ni.an'e of a 'ase over the s(-)e't matter of whi'h it has no )(risdi'tion% the 'o(rt 'ommits an /RROR OB JURISDICTION. 2.) /RRORS OB JURISDICTION are reviewa-!e -& 'ertiorari" whereas, /RRORS OB JUDH=/NT are reviewa-!e -& a##ea!. =eanin*% when a 'o(rt has no )(risdi'tion -(t insists in hand!in* the 'ase% that is a mista$e -& the tria! 'o(rt. It is 'a!!ed an error of )(risdi'tion. Now% s(##ose a 'o(rt has )(risdi'tion over the 'ase -(t the de'ision is wron* it a##!ied the wron* #rovision of the !aw% or inter#retation of eviden'e. This is not an error of )(risdi'tion -e'a(se the 'o(rt has a(thorit&. D(t in the eCer'ise of its )(risdi'tion% it 'ommitted severa! errors. This is now what &o( 'a!! an error of )(d*ment. 9: :hat is the (se of distin*(ishin* error of jurisdiction from error of judgment2 5: The differen'e is in the remedy ta$en. 5't(a!!&% it is sti!! an error. If it is an error% it 'an -e 'orre'ted -& a hi*her 'o(rt. The im#ortan'e% however% as we wi!! see !ater% is that there is a definite #ro'ed(re for 'orre'tin* a mista$e and other #ro'ed(res whi'h we wi!! $now !ater where the 'o(rt 'ommits an error of )(d*ment and an error of )(risdi'tion.

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Jurisdiction In General

In error of )(d*ment% if the )(d*ment is wron*% it is a va!id )(d*ment. 0o(r remed& is to 5;;/5L the wron* )(d*ment to a hi*her 'o(rt. D(t when a 'o(rt 'ommits an error of )(risdi'tion% where it insists on hand!in* a 'ase when it has no a(thorit&% I 'an ?(estion its a't(ation not ne'essari!& -& a##ea!% -(t -& resortin* to +eCtraordinar& remedies%, whi'h refer to the remed& of C/RTIOR5RI or ;RO1IDITION. 35raneta vs. Commonwea!th Ins. Co.% L811EI4% 5#ri! 2I% 1JEI" No'on vs. Heronimo% 1K1 ;hi!. @6E) The #rin'i#!e 'ame o(t in the -ar. This error sho(!d have -een raised on ordinar& a##ea!% not -& 'ertiorari -e'a(se 'ertiorari is on!& 'onfined to 'orre'tin* errors of )(risdi'tion or *rave a-(se of dis'retion. The *overnin* r(!e is that the remed& of 'ertiorari is not avai!a-!e when the remed& of a##ea! is avai!a-!e. 5nd when the remed& of a##ea! is !ost% &o( 'annot revive it -& resortin* to 'ertiorari -e'a(se 'ertiorari is not a s(-stit(te for the !ost remed& of a##ea!. So% the remedies *iven -& the !aw are different. These are -asi' terms whi'h &o( sho(!d remem-er. 9: In whom is )(risdi'tion is vested2 5: J(risdi'tion is vested with the 'o(rt% not in the )(d*e. 5 'o(rt ma& have severa! -ran'hes% and ea'h is not a 'o(rt distin't and se#arate from the others. So% when a 'ase is fi!ed -efore a -ran'h% the tria! ma& -e had or #ro'eedin*s ma& 'ontin(e -efore another -ran'h or )(d*e. 3Ta*(m#a& vs. =os'oso% L814@26% =a& 2J% 1JEJ) /A5=;L/: The RTC of Davao is 'om#osed of severa! -ran'hes e!even to twe!ve )(d*es. D(t te'hni'a!!&% there is on!& one 'o(rt the RTC of Davao. :e do not 'onsider -ran'hes as se#arate 'o(rts. 9: Now% if the 'ase is fi!ed and is assi*ned to Dran'h I% 'an that 'ase !ater -e transferred and 'ontin(ed in Dran'h J2 5: 5h 0/S% -e'a(se &o( never !eave the same 'o(rt. 0o( are sti!! in the same 'o(rt. This is -e'a(se )(risdi'tion is not with the )(d*e. It is with the 'o(rt itse!f. TYPES OF JURISDICTION: T&#es of )(risdi'tion: 1.) Henera! J(risdi'tion and S#e'ia! or Limited J(risdi'tion" 2.) Ori*ina! J(risdi'tion and 5##e!!ate J(risdi'tion" and 6.) /C'!(sive J(risdi'tion and Con'(rrent or Coordinate J(risdi'tion" 1. H/N/R5L JURISDICTION and S;/CI5L OR LI=IT/D JURISDICTION a.) G ! "#$ %&"I'(I)*I+! is the a(thorit& of the 'o(rt to hear and determine a!! a'tions and s(its% whether 'ivi!% 'rimina!% administrative% rea!% #ersona! or miCed. It is ver& -road to hear and tr& #ra'ti'a!!& a!! t&#es of 'ases. 314 5m. J(r. 24J" 1ahn vs. >e!!&% 64 Ca!. 6J1) -.) ', )I#$ or $I-I* ( %&"I'(I)*I+! is the a(thorit& of the 'o(rt to hear and determine #arti'(!ar 'ases on!&. Its #ower is !imited. 314 5m. J(r. 24J" 1ahn vs. >e!!&% 64 Ca!. 6J1) So% the 'o(rt is a(thori.ed to hear and tr& 'ertain s#e'ified 'ases. Limitado #a an* #ower ni&a. 5nd when &o( *o over the J(di'iar& 5't% st(d&in* the )(risdi'tion of the different 'o(rts% in 'ivi! 'ases &o( wi!! see that the )(risdi'tion of some 'o(rts !i$e the

The 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure 2002 Edition < DRAFT COPY; Pls. check for errors >

Jurisdiction In General

RTC% mas&adon* far ran*in*. It 'overs man& thin*s whereas the )(risdi'tion of the =TC% ma$i#ot. Ler& narrow -ah -e'a(se it is a 'o(rt of !imited or s#e'ia! )(risdi'tion. 2. ORIHIN5L JURISDICTION and 5;;/LL5T/ JURISDICTION a.) +"IGI!#$ %&"I'(I)*I+! is the #ower of the 'o(rt to ta$e 'o*ni.an'e of a 'ase at its in'e#tion or 'ommen'ement. 3Da!!entine<s Law Di't.% 2nd /d.% ##. J1 and J1@) One 'an fi!e the 'ase there for the first time. -.) #,, $$#* %&"I'(I)*I+! is the #ower vested in a s(#erior 'o(rt to review and revise the )(di'ia! a'tion of a !ower 'o(rt. 3Da!!entine<s Law Di't.% 2nd /d.% ##. J1 and J1@) If one 'o(rt has the #ower to 'orre't the de'ision of a !ower 'o(rt% the #ower of this 'o(rt is a##e!!ate. This is -e'a(se it 'ommen'ed somewhere e!se and it is )(st reviewin* the de'ision of the said !ower 'o(rt. /A5=;L/: =a&a 9(itain wi!! fi!e a 'ivi! 'ase in the RTC and that 'o(rt wi!! ta$e 'o*ni.an'e and tr& it. 0o( are invo$in* the ori*ina! )(risdi'tion of the RTC. 5fter tria!% =a&a !ost the 'ase% so =a&a de'ided to a##ea! the de'ision of the RTC to the C5. The 'ase is now there. It is now in the C5 and &o( are now invo$in* its a##e!!ate )(risdi'tion. 6. /ACLUSIL/ JURISDICTION and CONCURR/NT OR COORDIN5T/ JURISDICTION a.) .)$&'I/ %&"I'(I)*I+! is that #ossessed -& a 'o(rt to the eC'!(sion of a!! others. 9: S(*ar JJ fi!ed a 'o!!e'tion 'ase a*ainst John Lera% for an (n#aid !oan of ;E%KKK. The )(di'iar& !aw sa&s% if &o( fi!e a 'ivi! 'ase to 'o!!e't an (n#aid !oan -e!ow ;2KK%KKK% &o( sho(!d fi!e it with the =TC. Can S(*ar JJ fi!e it in the RTC2 5: NO. Therefore the )(risdi'tion of the =TC is /ACLUSIL/. It does not share its #ower with other 'o(rts. -.) )+!)&"" !* or )++"(I!#* %&"I'(I)*I+! is that #ossessed -& the 'o(rt to*ether with another or other 'o(rts over the same s(-)e't matter% the 'o(rt o-tainin* )(risdi'tion first retainin* it to the eC'!(sion of the others% -(t the 'hoi'e of 'o(rt is !od*ed in those #ersons d(!& a(thori.ed to fi!e the a'tion. 3Li!!an(eva vs. Orti.% EI O.H. 161I% Be-. 12% 1J72) xample: Thadde(s Tan*$ad wants to fi!e a 'ase or #etition in 'o(rt. Then% he !oo$s at the !aw and the !aw sa&s that &o( 'an fi!e it in this 'o(rt or% $(n* a&aw mo di&an% #(wede din dito% di&an or doon Thadde(s Tan*$ad 'an fi!e it in this 'o(rt or in other 'o(rts. Therefore% he has the ri*ht to 'hoose where to fi!e. So if Thadde(s fi!es it in 'o(rt M2% and it ass(mes now )(risdi'tion% o(t na an* 'o(rt M1 and 'o(rt M6. If he fi!es it in 'o(rt M6% o(t na &on* M1 and M2. Now this is what &o( 'a!! CONCURR/NT )(risdi'tion -e'a(se &o( 'an fi!e the 'ase in two 'o(rts or more at &o(r 'hoi'e. Now% !ast time we were '!assif&in* 'o(rts and &o( !earned that the SC is meron #a!an* ori*ina! )(risdi'tion. Ito #a!an* C5 a!so has ori*ina! )(risdi'tion. 5n* RTC o-vio(s!& is more of an ori*ina! 'o(rt than an a##e!!ate 'o(rt.

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Jurisdiction In General

9: 5re there 'ertain t&#es of 'ases or #etitions where I 'an fi!e it dire't!& with the SC or fi!e with the C5 or fi!e it with the RTC2 5: 0/S and the -est eCam#!e is a #etition for 15D/5S COR;US. The SC% C5 and RTC share 'on'(rrent )(risdi'tion to entertain #etitions for ha-eas 'or#(s. =a$a#i!i $a. I8fi!e mo SC% #(wede. >(n* *(sto mo sa C5% #(wede din. >(n* i fi!e mo sa RTC% #(wede. In effe't% these are the instan'es when the SC% C5 and RTC eCer'ise 'on'(rrent )(risdi'tion. ELE ENTS OF JURISDICTION IN CI!IL CASES In &o(r st(d& of 'rimina! #ro'ed(re where &o( a!so st(died the !aw on )(risdi'tion% there are a!so some e!ements of )(risdi'tion in 'rimina! 'ases. Otherwise% the #ro'eedin* wi!! -e i!!e*a!. J(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter" J(risdi'tion over the #erson of the a''(sed" and the third is territoria! )(risdi'tion% i.e. the 'ase sho(!d -e fi!ed in the #!a'e where the 'rime was 'ommitted. In 'ivi! 'ases meron din i&on* 'o(nter#art. 9: :hat are the e!ements of )(risdi'tion in 'ivi! 'ases2 5: The fo!!owin*: a.) J(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter " -.) J(risdi'tion over the #erson of the #arties to the 'ase" '.) J(risdi'tion over the res" and d.) J(risdi'tion over the iss(es. 9: Now% what ha##ens if in a #arti'(!ar 'ase one of these is missin*2 5: The #ro'eedin*s -e'ome ?(estiona-!e. The #ro'eedin*s -e'ome void. The )(d*ment is not -indin*. That is the effe't of !a'$ of )(risdi'tion. The #ro'eedin*s are tainted with i!!e*a!it& and irre*(!arit&. 5!ri*ht% !et<s *o over them one -& one. A. JURISDICTION O!ER T"E SU#JECT ATTER

9: Define )(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter. 5: J(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter is the #ower of the 'o(rt to hear and determine 'ases of the *enera! '!ass to whi'h the #ro'eedin*s in ?(estion -e!on*s. 3Dan'o /s#aNo!8Bi!i#ino vs. ;a!an'a% 6@ ;hi!. 2J1) In other words% it is the )(risdi'tion over the nat(re of the a'tion. Now% &o( $now a!read& the vario(s t&#es of 'ivi! 'ases s('h as a'tions for n(!!it& of marria*e% a'tion #(-!i'iana% a'tion reivindi'atoria% et'. This is what we 'a!! the N5TUR/ OB T1/ 5CTION. Now% if the nat(re of the s(-)e't matter of the a'tion% e.g. ann(!ment of marria*e% where wi!! &o( fi!e it2 It sho(!d not -e fi!ed in the wron* 'o(rt or e!se it wi!! -e dismissed. The 'o(nter#art of that in Crimina! !aw is e.g. offenses #(nisha-!e -& death #ena!t& 'annot -e tried with the =TC. 5nn(!ment 'ases sho(!d -e fi!ed in the RTC otherwise it wi!! -e dismissed for !a'$ of )(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter. 9: 1ow is )(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter a'?(ired or 'onferred2 5: J(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter is 'onferred -& !aw and is never a'?(ired -& 'onsent or s(-mission of the #arties or -& their !a'hes. This is a matter of !e*is!ative ena'tment whi'h none -(t the !e*is!at(re 'an 'han*e. 3=RR Co. vs 5tt&. Hen. 2K ;hi!. E26" Oti-ar vs. Linson% L81IK26% =a& 6K% 1J72) It 'annot -e a'?(ired -& an a*reement -etween the #arties% waiver% fai!(re to o-)e't 3si!en'e).

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The 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure 2002 Edition < DRAFT COPY; Pls. check for errors >

Jurisdiction In General

9: Now% s(##ose I want to fi!e a 'ase a*ainst &o( and (nder the !aw that sho(!d -e fi!ed in the RTC. D(t -oth of (s -e!ieve that the )(d*es of the =TC !i$e J(d*e CaNete $nows more% he is more 'om#etent than the other )(d*e there. +=a*anda si*(ro dito na !an* ta&o sa =TC., +O si*e% we si*n an a*reement% ma*#irmahan ta&o that we wi!! fi!e the 'ase -& a*reement in the =TC., D& a*reement% doon sa =TC natin i8fi!e. Did the =TC a'?(ire )(risdi'tion over the 'ase -e'a(se the #arties a*reed2 5: NO% a*reements -etween #arties 'annot 'han*e the !aw. J(risdi'tion is 'onferred -& !aw% not -& a*reements of the #arties. J(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter 'annot -e a*reed (#on. It is a'?(ired -& or 'onferred to the 'o(rt -& !aw either the Constit(tion or the J(di'iar& Law. The #arties 'annot a*ree to have the 'ase s(-mitted to another 'o(rt. 9: Now% s(##ose I wi!! fi!e a 'ase a*ainst &o( in a wron* 'o(rt. I$aw naman hindi $a $(mi-o. 5't(a!!& what &o( sho(!d do there is fi!e a motion to dismiss 3or in 'rimina! 'ases a motion to ?(ash.) D(t hindi $a na*$i-o 'ige lang. I will not complain. So is it o$e&2 Sin'e &o( did not o-)e't% &o( did not fi!e a motion to dismiss% &o( did not fi!e a motion to ?(ash% did the Fwron*< 'o(rt a'?(ired )(risdi'tion over the 'ase2 5: NO. J(risdi'tion 'annot -e 'onferred -& si!en'e of the #arties or -& waiver. /sto##e! or waiver or si!en'e or fai!(re to o-)e't 'annot vest )(risdi'tion in the wron* 'o(rt -e'a(se )(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter is 'onferred -& !aw. 5nd when the 'o(rt has no )(risdi'tion% the 'o(rt -& itse!f has the #ower to dismiss% +:h& wi!! I -(rden m&se!f for tr&in* a 'ase% when I have no )(risdi'tion2, The ONL0 exception is when there is esto##e! -& !a'hes% as !aid down in ti!e TIJ5= vs. SIDONH15NO0 35#ri! 1E% 1J7I). The iss(e of )(risdi'tion was not ?(estioned for an (nreasona-!e !en*th of time. DUT the r(!e is% it 'an -e raised at an& sta*e of the #ro'eedin* even for the first time on a##ea!. 5nd even the #arties ma& not raise it% the 'o(rt motu propio has the a(thorit& to dismiss it. 9: 1ow is )(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter determined2 5: It is determined -& the a!!e*ations of the 'om#!aint. It does not de#end (#on the #!eas or defenses of the defendant in his answer or motion to dismiss. 3Cardenas vs. Cam(s% L81J1J1% J(!& 6K% 1J72" /dward J. Ne!! Co. vs. C(-a'(-% L82KI42% J(ne 26% 1J7E" Serrano vs. =(No. =otors% L82EE4@% Nov. 2@% 1J7@) #. JURISDICTION O!ER T"E PERSON 9: Define )(risdi'tion over the #erson. 5: J(risdi'tion over the #erson is the #ower to render a #ersona! )(d*ment thro(*h the servi'e of #ro'ess or -& vo!(ntar& a##earan'e of a #art& d(rin* the #ro*ress of a 'a(se. 3Dan'o /s#aNo!8Bi!i#ino vs. ;a!an'a% 6@ ;hi!. 2J1) 9: In 'rimina! 'ases% how does the 'o(rt a'?(ire )(risdi'tion over the #erson of the a''(sed2 5: D& havin* him 31) arrested" 32) -& servi'e of the warrant of arrest" or 36) -& his vo!(ntar& s(rrender. 9: /ven if he is not arrested% 'an the 'o(rt tr& an a''(sed witho(t the a''(sed -ein* arrested2 5: Of 'o(rse not% -e'a(se the 'o(rt has not a'?(ired )(risdi'tion over his #erson. 5rest(hin mo m(na. Then #(wede si&an* ma*8-ai! $(n* *(sto ni&a. 5fter na8arrest% na*!a&as% na*si-at2 Daha!a $a i8 tr& in a-sentia. There wi!! -e a va!id de'ision -e'a(se the 'o(rt has a!read& a'?(ired )(risdi'tion. Of 'o(rse we 'annot enfor'e the de'ision (nti! we 'a(*ht him. ;ero #a*nah(!i% $a diretso $a na sa #ris(han. 0o( sa&% I was not able to give my side. I was not able to confront and cross0examine the witness against me. /h% -a$it $a na*!a&as2 ;asensi&a $aG That<s the 'on'e#t of tria! in a-sentia. D(t

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Jurisdiction In General

for tria! in a-sentia to #ro'eed in 'rimina! 'ases% &o( m(st first arrest him. 0o( 'annot tr& him witho(t -ein* arrested. 0o( m(st arrest him and arrai*n him first. The same thin* in 'ivi! 'ases. It m(st -e that the 'o(rt m(st a'?(ire )(risdi'tion over this #erson. Norma!!&% when we sa& )(risdi'tion over the #arties% we are referrin* to the ;L5INTIBB the one s(in*% and the D/B/ND5NOT the one -ein* s(ed. Bor the de'ision to -e va!id% the 'o(rt m(st o-tain )(risdi'tion over the #erson of the #!aintiff and the defendant. Otherwise% the de'ision wi!! not -ind the #arties over whom the 'o(rt has not a'?(ired )(risdi'tion. That is wh& )(risdi'tion over the #arties is the #ower of the 'o(rt to render a #ersona! )(d*ment whi'h wi!! -ind the #arties to the 'ase. :hat is the (se of renderin* a de'ision if the #arties are not -o(nd2 It m(st have effe't. 9: 1ow does the 'o(rt a'?(ire )(risdi'tion over the #!aintiff2 5: J(risdi'tion over the #erson of the #!aintiff is a'?(ired from the moment he fi!es his 'om#!aint. U#on fi!in* his 'om#!aint in 'o(rt% he is a(tomati'a!!& within the )(risdi'tion of the 'o(rt. 3=RR Co. vs 5tt&. Hen. 2K ;hi!. E26) 9: 1ow does the 'o(rt a'?(ire )(risdi'tion over the defendant2 5: J(risdi'tion over the #erson of the defendant is a'?(ired: 1.) (#on servi'e on him of 'oer'ive #ro'ess in the manner #rovided -& !aw" or 2.) -& his vo!(ntar& s(-mission to the )(risdi'tion of the 'o(rt. 3=RR Co. vs 5tt&. Hen. 2K ;hi!. E26) 1irst Instance2 &,+! ' "/I) +! 3I- +1 )+ ")I/ ,"+) '' I! *3 -#!! " ,"+/I( ( 45 $#6 The first instan'e when a 'o(rt a'?(ires )(risdi'tion over the #erson of the defendant is thro(*h a servi'e (#on him of the a##ro#riate 'o(rt #ro'ess whi'h in 'ivi! !aw is 'a!!ed service of summons. This is the 'o(nter#art of warrant of arrest in 'rimina! #ro'ed(re. So if the defendant was never served with s(mmons% an& )(d*ment rendered -& the 'o(rt wi!! not -ind him. /ven if he is the !oser in the 'ase% )(d*ment 'annot -e enfor'ed -e'a(se the 'o(rt did not a'?(ire )(risdi'tion over his #erson. The same #rin'i#!e ho!ds tr(e in 'rimina! 'ases. 5 'o(rt 'annot tr& and 'onvi't an a''(sed over whose #erson the 'o(rt never a'?(ired )(risdi'tion. In 'rimina! 'ases% the 'o(rt a'?(ires )(risdi'tion over the #erson thro(*h the iss(an'e of a warrant of arrest. The warrant 'annot have its effe't even if it was iss(ed% if the same had not -een served% i.e. -& effe'tin* the arrest of the a''(sed -& virt(e of a warrant. 9: In 'rimina! 'ases% how 'an the warrant of arrest -e effe'ted2 5: On'e an information has -een fi!ed in 'o(rt% the 'o(rt iss(es a warrant. Then% the arrestin* offi'er wi!! arrest the a''(sed. The 'o(rt a'?(ires )(risdi'tion -& /NBORC/=/NT OB S/RLIC/ for effe'tive arrest of the a''(sed #(rs(ant to the warrant of arrest. 'econd Instance2 45 3I' /+$&!*#"5 '&4-I''I+! *+ *3 %&"I'(I)*I+! +1 *3 )+&"*

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Jurisdiction In General

5nother wa& to a'?(ire )(risdi'tion over the #erson of the a''(sed even if the a''(sed is not arrested is thro(*h LOLUNT5R0 SURR/ND/R. Sin'e there is no more need for the warrant% the 'o(rt wi!! re'a!! the same. In 'ivi! 'ases% it is the vo!(ntar& s(-mission of the defendant to the )(risdi'tion of the 'o(rt. 9: Defendant was served with s(mmons im#ro#er!& or irre*(!ar!& therefore% he 'o(!d ?(estion the )(risdi'tion of the 'o(rt over his #erson. D(t instead% he did not ?(estion the )(risdi'tion of the 'o(rt des#ite the defe'tive servi'e of 'o(rt #ro'ess. Did the 'o(rt a'?(ire )(risdi'tion over the #erson of the defendant2 5: 0/S% -e'a(se )(risdi'tion over the #erson 'an -e a'?(ired -&: a.) waiver" -.) 'onsent" or '.) !a'$ of o-)e'tion -& the defendant. 3=RR Co. vs. 5tt&. Hen. 2K ;hi!. E26) This is (n!i$e the )(risdi'tion over s(-)e't matter wherein the 'ase 'o(!d -e dismissed (#on fi!in* in the wron* 'o(rt. The SC said that when &o( remained si!ent des#ite the defe'ts% &o(r si!en'e has '(red the defe't. =eanin*% the )(risdi'tion over &o(r #erson was a'?(ired -& waiver% or 'onsent% or !a'$ of o-)e'tion. 9: Distin*(ish )(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter from )(risdi'tion over the #erson of the defendant2 5: La'$ of )(risdi'tion over the #erson of the defendant ma& -e '(red -& waiver% 'onsent% si!en'e or fai!(re to o-)e't% whereas )(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter 'annot -e '(red -& fai!(re to o-)e't or -& si!en'e% waiver or 'onsent. 3=RR Co. vs. 5tt&. Hen. 2K ;hi!. E26) C. JURISDICTION O!ER T"E RES " ' is the Latin word for +thin*., 9: Define )(risdi'tion over the res. 5: J(risdi'tion over the res is that a'?(ired -& the 'o(rt over the #ro#ert& or the thin* in 'ontest% and is o-tained -& sei.(re (nder !e*a! #ro'ess of the 'o(rt where-& it is he!d to a-ide s('h order as the 'o(rt ma& ma$e. 3Dan'o /s#aNo!8Bi!i#ino vs. ;a!an'a% 6@ ;hi!. 2J1) 9: 5 and D ?(arre!ed over a #ie'e of !and. :hat is the res of the 'ase2 5: The #ie'e of !and is the res of the 'ase. 9: 1owever% res ma& not -e tan*i-!e. Bor eCam#!e% :en* >o!ots$i is an i!!e*itimate 'hi!d. She wants to -e a'$now!ed*ed -& her father. Th(s% she fi!ed a 'ase a*ainst her father for 'om#(!sor& re'o*nition. :hat is the res2 5: The res is the stat(s of the 'hi!d -e'a(se it is the o-)e't of the !iti*ation. 9: :h& is )(risdi'tion over the res im#ortant2 5: Sometimes it is a s(-stit(te for )(risdi'tion over the #erson. There are instan'es when the 'o(rt 'annot a'?(ire )(risdi'tion over the defendant !i$e when he is a-road. D(t if the 'o(rt a'?(ires )(risdi'tion over the res% the 'ase ma& *o on. /ven if the 'o(rt 'annot a'?(ire )(risdi'tion over the #erson of the defendant% )(risdi'tion over the res -e'omes a s(-stit(te over the #erson.

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Jurisdiction In General

/A5=;L/: /ven if the defendant is a non8resident who is o(t of the 'o(ntr& and the o-)e't of !iti*ation is here in the ;hi!i##ines% then a'?(isition of )(risdi'tion over the res 'onfers )(risdi'tion to the 'o(rt even if the defendant is a-road. The res here is where the )(d*ement 'an -e enfor'ed. That is wh& in R(!e 14% there is an eCtra8territoria! servi'e of s(mmons. D(t -ased on a SC r(!in*% the eCtra8territoria! servi'e of s(mmons is not for the #(r#ose of a'?(irin* )(risdi'tion over the #erson of the defendant -(t is mere!& how to 'om#!& with the d(e #ro'ess '!a(se. D. JURISDICTION O!ER T"E ISSUES 9: Define )(risdi'tion over the iss(es. 5: J(risdi'tion over the iss(e is the a(thorit& to tr& and de'ide the iss(es raised -& the #!eadin*s of the #arties. 3Re&es vs. Dia.% @6 ;hi!. 4I4) 9: :hat are #!eadin*s2 5: The& are *overned -& R(!e 7. R$le %& Sec'(o) * + Ple,-().s ,re 'he /r(''e) ,lle.,'(o) of 'he 0,r'(es of 'he(r res0ec'(1e cl,(2s ,)- -efe)ses s$32(''e- 'o 'he co$r' for 'r(,l ,)- 4$-.2e)'. In a 'ivi! 'ase% the #arties -efore the tria! fi!e in 'o(rt #!eadin*s. That is where &o( state &o(r #osition. /A5=;L/: Bran'is +;a!o&, 5m#i* wi!! s(e &o( to 'o!!e't a !oan. So ;a!o& wi!! fi!e a 'om#!aint in 'o(rt. That is a #!eadin*. Then &o( have to answer ;a!o&<s 'om#!aint in 'o(rt. 0o( sa& that &o( do not owe him an&thin* -e'a(se &o( a!read& #aid him. So &o( #re#are &o(r answer in writin* in 'o(rt and that is a!so 'a!!ed a #!eadin*. Dased on what ;a!o& said in his 'om#!aint and &o(r answer% we wi!! now $now what the& are ?(arre!in* a-o(t. Bor eCam#!e: ;a!o& sa&s &o( -orrowed mone&% &o( never #aid him. Now a''ordin* to &o(r answer% !o. I already paid him. 9: Now what is the iss(e2 5: The iss(e is% whether the o-!i*ation sti!! eCistin* or is it a!read& eCtin*(ished -& #a&ment. So that is the iss(e. So that is where we wi!! $now what we wi!! tr& in this 'ase. 9: S(##ose after the tria!% the 'o(rt said that the o-!i*ation has -een eCtin*(ished -& 'ondonation. Now where did the 'o(rt *et that2 0o(r defense is #a&ment% and the de'ision now it was eCtin*(ished -& 'ondonation. Is the de'ision 'orre't2 5: The de'ision is :RONH -e'a(se the #arties did not raise 'ondonation as the iss(e. The 'ase was de'ided on an iss(e that was not even raised -& the #arties. So the 'o(rt never a'?(ired )(risdi'tion over the iss(e. In other words% the 'o(rt sho(!d on!& r(!e on what the #arties raised in their #!eadin*s. That is what we 'a!! )(risdi'tion over the iss(e. The 'o(rt sho(!d on!& r(!e on what the #arties '!aim. So% the 'o(rt is s(##osed to r(!e on the iss(e raised and not those not raised -& the #arties. Ta$e note that )(risdi'tion over the iss(es in 'ivi! 'ases is a'?(ired after defendant has fi!ed an answer. In 'rimina! 'ases% )(risdi'tion over the iss(es is a'?(ired (#on fi!in* of a 'om#!aint. Bor a

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Jurisdiction In General

de'ision to -e effe'tive% the 'o(rt m(st a'?(ire the )(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter% the #erson% the res in 'ase the defendant is not aro(nd% and the !ast is )(risdi'tion over the iss(e. 9: Distin*(ish )(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter and )(risdi'tion over the iss(es. 5: The fo!!owin* are the distin'tions: 1.) J(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter is the #ower to hear and tr& a #arti'(!ar 'ase% while J(risdi'tion over the iss(es is the #ower of the 'o(rt to reso!ve !e*a! ?(estions invo!ved in the 'ase" 2.) J(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter is a'?(ired (#on fi!in* of the 'om#!aint% while J(risdi'tion over the iss(es of the 'ase is a'?(ired (#on fi!in* of the answer whi'h )oins the iss(es invo!ve in the 'ase. /A5=;L/: I am the #!aintiff% I wi!! fi!e a 'ase in 'o(rt to 'o!!e't an (n#aid !oan. Brom the moment I fi!e the 'ase% the 'o(rt has a'?(ired )(risdi'tion over the s(-)e't matter. Now% &o( are s(mmoned. Bi!e $a naman n* sa*ot mo% +:a!a a$on* (tan*% -a&ad na., Then the 'o(rt has now a'?(ired )(risdi'tion over the iss(e. One is a'?(ired (#on fi!in* of the 'om#!aint and the other one is a'?(ired after the fi!in* of the answer -& the defendant. "IERARC"Y OF T"E COURTS In the 1JJ7 D5R: One of the ?(estions in Remedia! Law was: State the hierar'h& of the Co(rts in the ;hi!i##ines. a.) Re*(!ar 'o(rts SU;R/=/ COURT COURT OB 5;;/5LS R/HION5L TRI5L COURTS =etTC =TCC =TC =CTC

!ote2 e'TC+ In =ani!a TCC+ 'ities o(tside =ani!a e.*. Ce-(% Davao TC8 m(ni'i#a!ities s('h as Di*os% ;ana-o CTC8 'ir'(iti.ed areas -e'a(se it is im#ra'ti'a! and eC#ensive to maintain one =TC in ever& m(ni'i#a!ities. -.) S#e'ia! 'o(rts There are a!so S#e'ia! Co(rts whi'h are a!so 'onsidered #art of the )(di'iar&. These are: 1. Co(rt of TaC 5##ea!s 3R5 112E) 2. Sandi*an-a&an 3;D 14I7 as amended) 6. Sharia Distri't Co(rts and the Sharia Cir'(it Co(rts 3;D 1KI6 % a!so $nown as the Code of =(s!im ;ersona! Law)"

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4. Bami!& Co(rts :e are 'on'erned on!& of the )(risdi'tion of the R/HUL5R COURTS.

Jurisdiction In General

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