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Q: What are the modes of appeal from RTC to the CA? A: Its either ORDINARY APPEAL R!le "#$ or PETITION %OR RE&IEW R!le "'$( R!le "# refers to a) ordi)ar* appeal from the RTC to the CA + *!), )oti-e of appeal( .ere/ the RTC re)dered a de-isio) p!rs!a)t to its ORI0INAL 12RI3DICTION( 4Eto )ama), R!le "' Petitio) for re5ie6$ is the mode of appeal from the RTC to the CA i) -ases de-ided 7* the RTC p!rs!a)t to its APPELLATE 12RI3DICTION( 3o/ the -ase here a-t!all* ori,i)ated i) the 8TC/ the) it 6as appealed to the RTC !)der R!le "9( A)d )o6/ from the RTC/ *o! 6a)t to ,o to the CA( .e)-e/ the mode of appeal is )ot R!le "#$ Noti-e of Appeal 7!t R2LE "' + Petitio) for Re5ie6( %or the first time/ there is )o6 a r!le ,o5er)i), petitio)s for re5ie6 from the RTC to the CA( Prior to 1!l* #/ #::;/ there 6as )o)e( Altho!,h there 6ere ,!ideli)es the) + i) <!rispr!de)-e/ de-ided -ases a)d 3C -ir-!lars( 'ect(o) *. How appeal taken; time for filing. # party des(r()+ to appeal fro, a dec(s(o) of the Re+(o)al Tr(al %ourt re)dered () the e-erc(se of (ts appellate .ur(sd(ct(o) ,ay f(le a /er(f(ed pet(t(o) for re/(e0 0(th the %ourt of #ppeals1 pay()+ at the sa,e t(,e to the clerk of sa(d court the correspo)d()+ docket a)d other la0ful fees1 depos(t()+ the a,ou)t of P233.33 for costs1 a)d fur)(sh()+ the Re+(o)al Tr(al %ourt a)d the ad/erse party 0(th a copy of the pet(t(o). The pet(t(o) shall 4e f(led a)d ser/ed 0(th() f(ftee) 5*26 days fro, )ot(ce of the dec(s(o) sou+ht to 4e re/(e0ed or of the de)(al of pet(t(o)er7s ,ot(o) for )e0 tr(al or reco)s(derat(o) f(led () due t(,e after .ud+,e)t. &po) proper ,ot(o) a)d the pay,e)t of the full a,ou)t of the docket a)d other la0ful fees a)d the depos(t for costs 4efore the e-p(rat(o) of the re+le,e)tary per(od1 the %ourt of #ppeals ,ay +ra)t a) add(t(o)al per(od of f(ftee) 5*26 days o)ly 0(th() 0h(ch to f(le the pet(t(o) for re/(e0. No further e-te)s(o) shall 4e +ra)ted e-cept for the ,ost co,pell()+ reaso) a)d () )o case to e-ceed f(ftee) 5*26 days. 5)6 2)der 3e-tio) #/ a petitio) for re5ie6 !)der R!le "' m!st 7e &ERI%IED( Q: Where 6ill *o! file *o!r petitio) for re5ie6? A: Yo! file it dire-tl* 6ith the CA( Do )ot file it 6ith the trial -o!rt( I) R!le "#/ 6here the appeal is deemed perfe-ted 7* simpl* fili), a )oti-e of appeal/ *o! file *o!r )oti-e of appeal 6ith the RTC( Do )ot file it 6ith the CA( =!t i) R!le "'/ 6here the appeal is 7* petitio) for re5ie6/ *o! file *o!r petitio) dire-tl* 6ith the CA( Do )ot file it 6ith the RTC( Not o)l* that( Of -o!rse/ *o! ha5e to pa* the do->et a)d la6f!l fees pl!s P?99 for -osts( A)d *o! m!st f!r)ish the RTC a)d the ad5erse part* 6ith a -op* of the petitio)( That is a )e6 re@!ireme)t( Q: What is the period to file a petitio) for re5ie6 ? A: The period to file a petitio) for re5ie6 is #? da*s from re-eipt of the RTC <!d,me)t or from the order de)*i), the motio) for re-o)sideratio)( Q: What is the differe)-e i) period to file 7et6ee) R!le "# a)d R!le "' ? A: I) R!le "#/ if *o!r motio) for re-o)sideratio) is de)ied/ *o! -a) still appeal 6ithi) the remai)i), 7ala)-e of the #?Ada* period( I) R!le "'/ the #?Ada* period starts all o5er a,ai) 7e-a!se the la6 sa*s or of the denial. 3o/ a)other fresh #? da*s( This 7e-a!se it is more diffi-!lt to prepare a petitio) for re5ie6( This is more timeA -o)s!mi), tha) a simple )oti-e of appeal( Well ,o to eBamples: PRO=LE8: Lets ,o 7a-> to R2LE "#: Yo! re-ei5e a -op* of the RTC de-isio) o) 8ar-h C#( Yo! file *o!r motio) for re-o)sideratio) o) April #9 + the #9th da*( After t6o 6ee>s/ *o! re-ei5ed order of the -o!rt de)*i), the 8%R(
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Q: .o6 ma)* more da*s are left for *o! to file a )oti-e of appeal? A: 3iB D$ da*s( A), 7i)ila), mo/ #A: da*s la),( The #9th da* is i)terr!pted )a( Thats tr!e( PRO=LE8: We 6ill ,o to the same pro7lem appl*i), R!le "'$: The -ase 6as de-ided 7* the 8TC/ appealed to the RTC( A)d the) i) the RTC/ *o! lost a,ai)( Yo! re-ei5e a -op* of the de-isio) o) 8ar-h C#( O) April #9/ *o! file a motio) for re-o)sideratio)( A)d the) o) April '9/ *o! re-ei5e the order de)*i), the 8%R( Q: .o6 ma)* da*s more are left for *o! to file *o!r petitio) for re5ie6? A: E!), sa7ihi) mo D da*s from April '9 or April 'D/ thats %AL3EF The a)s6er is #? da*s all o5er a,ai)( Loo> at the la6: The petition shall be filed and served within fifteen (15) days from noti e of the de ision so!ght to be reviewed or of the denial of petitioner"s motion for new trial or re onsideration. 8ea)i),/ *o! -o!)t a)other #? da*s from the de)ial( 2mpisa )a )ama)F 3o the fili), a motio) for )e6 trial or re-o)sideratio) i) R!le "' does )ot o)l* i)terr!pt the r!))i), of the period 7!t it -omme)-es to r!) all o5er a,ai)( 2)li>e i) R!le "#/ i) ordi)ar* appeal/ 6here the fili), of the motio) for re-o)sideratio) or )e6 trial merel* i)terr!pts the r!))i), of the period to appeal( A)d it -omme)-es to r!) a,ai) from the time *o! are )otified that *o!r motio) is de)ied( 3ee the differe)-e? A-t!all*/ if *o! are )ot serio!s i) *o!r st!d* of appeal/ *o! 6ill )ot see these disti)-tio)s( Yo! 6ill <!st ass!me that the pri)-iples !)der R!le "# a)d R!le "' are the same( Q: 2)der 3e-tio) #/ is the #?Ada* period to file petitio) for re5ie6 eBte)di7le? A: 2)der R!le "#/ the #?Ada* period to file )oti-e of appeal is )ot eBte)di7le + )o eB-eptio)s( =!t i) R!le "'/ the #?Ada* period to file petitio) for re5ie6 is EGTENDI=LE a--ordi), to the last se)te)-e of 3e-tio) #/ pro5ided *o! pa* *o!r do->et a)d other la6f!l fees/ the CA 6ill ,ra)t additio)al #? da*s 6ithi) 6hi-h to file a petitio) for re5ie6( Q: Where 6ill *o! file *o!r motio) for eBte)sio) of time to file petitio) for re5ie6? A: Yo! file *o!r motio) for eBte)sio) to the CA( The CA itself 6ill ,ra)t the eBte)sio)( Q: .o6 ma)* more da*s -a) the CA ,ra)t? A: The CA ma* ,ra)t a)other #? da*s a)d )o f!rther eBte)sio) -a) 7e ,ra)ted e# ept for the most -ompelli), reaso)s( 3o/ ori,i)al eBte)sio) is #? da*s/ a)d a possi7le eBte)sio) of #? da*s H total C9 da*s( These are te-h)i-al poi)ts( A)d ho6 ma)* appealed -ases ha5e 7ee) dismissed simpl* 7e-a!se these fi)er pro5isio)s 6ere )ot 7ee) o7ser5ed 7* la6*ers? I 6o!ld sa* D9I of all appeals are dismissed( E5e) i) Da5ao/ ma<orit* of petitio)s are dismissed 7e-a!se )a>!la),a) ), piso sa do->et fee/ >arami( I pres!me thro!,ho!t the -o!)tr*/ the patter) is the same 7e-a!se the r!les o) appeal are 5er* te-h)i-al a)d 5er* stri-t( Thats 6h* there are la6*ers i) 8a)ila/ e5e) i) Da5ao/ 6ho do )ot 6a)t to ha)dle appealed -ases( The* o)l* ha)dle -ases i) the trial -o!rt( Pa,Aa>*at )a/ )asa CA )a/ petitio) for -ertiorari/ pasa )a sa i7a( =!t there are also 6ho ha5e mastered the r!les o) appeal( %or the p!rpose of spe-ialiJatio)/ trial phase a)d appeal phase( %or p!rposes of the 7ar/ *o! ha5e to >)o6 all the fields i) la6s( O)-e *o! pass the 7ar/ di*a) )a >a*o ma,Aisip >!), a)o a), pipilii) )i)*oK-i5il/ -rimi)al/ la7or/ et-( =!t for p!rposes of the 7ar/ *o! -a))ot sa* dito la), a>o ma,Aaral sa La7or/ 6a, )a sa Ci5il La6( P6ede 7a *a)? Yo! -a))ot do that( Ea*a ),a sa7i )ila/ the people 6ho >)o6 more a7o!t the la6 are those 6ho ha5e <!st ta>e) the 7ar( 'ec. 2. $orm and ontents. The pet(t(o) shall 4e f(led () se/e) 586 le+(4le cop(es1 0(th the or(+()al copy ()te)ded for the court 4e()+ ()d(cated as such 4y the pet(t(o)er1 a)d shall 5a6 state the full )a,es of the part(es to the case1 0(thout (,plead()+ the lo0er courts or .ud+es thereof e(ther as pet(t(o)ers or respo)de)ts9 546 ()d(cate the spec(f(c ,ater(al dates sho0()+ that (t 0as f(led o) t(,e9 5c6 set forth co)c(sely a state,e)t of the ,atters ()/ol/ed1 the (ssues ra(sed1 the spec(f(cat(o) of errors of fact or la01 or 4oth1 alle+edly co,,(tted 4y the Re+(o)al Tr(al %ourt1 a)d the reaso)s or ar+u,e)ts rel(ed upo) for the allo0a)ce of the appeal9 5d6 4e acco,pa)(ed 4y clearly le+(4le dupl(cate or(+()als or true cop(es of the .ud+,e)ts or f()al orders of 4oth lo0er courts1 cert(f(ed correct 4y the clerk of court of the Re+(o)al Tr(al %ourt1 the re:u(s(te )u,4er of pla() cop(es thereof a)d of the
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plead()+s a)d other ,ater(al port(o)s of the record as 0ould support the alle+at(o)s of the pet(t(o). The pet(t(o)er shall also su4,(t to+ether 0(th the pet(t(o) a cert(f(cat(o) u)der oath that he has )ot theretofore co,,e)ced a)y other act(o) ()/ol/()+ the sa,e (ssues () the 'upre,e %ourt1 the %ourt of #ppeals or d(ffere)t d(/(s(o)s thereof1 or a)y other tr(4u)al or a+e)cy9 (f there (s such other act(o) or proceed()+1 he ,ust state the status of the sa,e9 a)d (f he should thereafter lear) that a s(,(lar act(o) or proceed()+ has 4ee) f(led or (s pe)d()+ 4efore the 'upre,e %ourt1 the %ourt of #ppeals1 or d(ffere)t d(/(s(o)s thereof1 or a)y other tr(4u)al or a+e)cy1 he u)dertakes to pro,ptly ()for, the aforesa(d courts a)d other tr(4u)al or a+e)cy thereof 0(th() f(/e 526 days therefro,. 5)6 Ta>e )ote of 3e-tio) '( Do )ot implead the lo6er -o!rt or the <!d,e 7e-a!se )asa)a* )a ta*o )a pati 4*!), <!d,e )a,i), defe)da)t or respo)de)t )a( We o)l* do that i) Certiorari !)der R!le D? i) 3pe-ial Ci5il A-tio)s/ 7!t )ot o) appeal( This is the i)fl!e)-e of %!sti e %eria 7e-a!se he has pe))ed ma)* -ases 6hi-h has i)-l!ded the <!d,e as defe)da)t or respo)de)t( 3o/ he said that i) the -ase of &'(( vs. )* LA!,( '?/ #:MDN/ he)-e 6e -a) see his i)fl!e)-e/ si)i),it tala,a )i*a i*a) sa >aso )a *o)( No6/ as to the form Llast para,raphN/ there has to 7e a Certifi-atio) of No)A%or!m 3hoppi),/ fail!re to -ompl* 6ith s!-h 6o!ld mea) the dismissal of the -ase( ORTI; vs. %O&RT OF #PPE#$' 2<< '%R# 83= >*<<=? F#%T': The -ertifi-atio) 6as )ot si,)ed 7* the OrtiJes 7!t 7* their la6*er 6ho has perso)al >)o6led,e of the fa-t a)d -o)te)ded that it sho!ld 7e a--epted as s!7sta)tial -omplia)-e 6ith the r!les( !E$@: The -ertifi-atio) 6as )ot proper( 3tri-t o7ser5a)-e of the r!le is re@!ired( I) this -ase/ )o eBpla)atio) 6as ,i5e)( ORe,retta7l*/ We fi)d that s!7sta)tial -omplia)-e 6ill )ot s!ffi-e i) a matter i)5ol5i), stri-t -omplia)-e( The attestatio) -o)tai)ed i) the -ertifi-atio) o) )o)Afor!m shoppi), re@!ires perso)al >)o6led,e 7* the part* 6ho eBe-!ted the same( To merit the Co!rts -o)sideratio)/ OrtiJes here m!st sho6 reaso)a7le -a!se for fail!re to perso)all* si,) the -ertifi-atio)( The OrtiJes m!st -o)5i)-e the -o!rt that the o!tri,ht dismissal of the petitio) 6o!ld defeat the admi)istratio) of <!sti-e( .o6e5er/ the OrtiJes did )ot ,i5e a)* eBpla)atio) to 6arra)t their eBemptio) from the stri-t appli-atio) of the r!le( 2tter disre,ard of the r!les -a))ot <!stl* 7e ratio)aliJed 7* har>i), o) the poli-* of li7eral -o)str!-tio)(P Q: 2)der para,raph L-N/ 6hat iss!es -a) *o! raise i) the petitio) for re5ie6? A: Errors of fa-t/ errors of la6/ or 7oth + miBed errors of fa-t or la6( 3ome7od* as>ed this Q2E3TION: hi)di 7a >apa, error of law dapat sa 3C *a)? .i)di )a dadaa) sa CA? .o6 do *o! re-o)-ile this 6ith the Co)stit!tio)? A-t!all*/ 6he) the la6 sa*s de isions of the +T) appealable dire tly to the (), it 6as de-ided p!rs!a)t to its ori,i)al <!risdi-tio)( =!t if it is de-ided p!rs!a)t to its appellate <!risdi-tio)/ the appeal sho!ld 7e to the CA e5e) o) p!re @!estio)s of la6 6itho!t pre<!di-e of ,oi), to the 3C later o)( 'ec. A. -ffe t of fail!re to omply with re.!irements . The fa(lure of the pet(t(o)er to co,ply 0(th a)y of the fore+o()+ re:u(re,e)ts re+ard()+ the pay,e)t of the docket a)d other la0ful fees1 the depos(t for costs1 proof of ser/(ce of the pet(t(o)1 a)d the co)te)ts of a)d the docu,e)ts 0h(ch should acco,pa)y the pet(t(o) shall 4e suff(c(e)t +rou)d for the d(s,(ssal thereof. 3e-tio) C( If *o! fail to -ompl* 6ith the re@!ireme)ts/ tapos a), petitio) mo/ dismissF 'ec. 4. * tion on the petition. The %ourt of #ppeals ,ay re:u(re the respo)de)t to f(le a co,,e)t o) the pet(t(o)1 )ot a ,ot(o) to d(s,(ss1 0(th() te) 5*36 days fro, )ot(ce1 or
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d(s,(ss the pet(t(o) (f (t f()ds the sa,e to 4e pate)tly 0(thout ,er(t1 prosecuted ,a)(festly for delay1 or that the :uest(o)s ra(sed there() are too u)su4sta)t(al to re:u(re co)s(derat(o). 5)6 'ec. 2. )ontents of omment. The co,,e)t of the respo)de)t shall 4e f(led () se/e) 586 le+(4le cop(es1 acco,pa)(ed 4y cert(f(ed true cop(es of such ,ater(al port(o)s of the record referred to there() to+ether 0(th other support()+ papers a)d shall 5a6 state 0hether or )ot he accepts the state,e)t of ,atters ()/ol/ed () the pet(t(o)9 546 po()t out such ()suff(c(e)c(es or ()accurac(es as he 4el(e/es e-(st () pet(t(o)er7s state,e)t of ,atters ()/ol/ed 4ut 0(thout repet(t(o)9 a)d 5c6 state the reaso)s 0hy the pet(t(o) should )ot 4e +(/e) due course. # copy thereof shall 4e ser/ed o) the pet(t(o)er. 5)6 'ec. B. /!e o!rse. If upo) the f(l()+ of the co,,e)t or such other plead()+s as the court ,ay allo0 or re:u(re1 or after the e-p(rat(o) of the per(od for the f(l()+ thereof 0(thout such co,,e)t or plead()+ ha/()+ 4ee) su4,(tted1 the %ourt of #ppeals f()ds pr(,a fac(e that the lo0er court has co,,(tted a) error of fact or la0 that 0(ll 0arra)t a re/ersal or ,od(f(cat(o) of the appealed dec(s(o)1 (t ,ay accord()+ly +(/e due course to the pet(t(o). 5)6 Q: Whe) *o! file a petitio) for re5ie6 from the RTC to the CA/ is the CA o7li,ed to e)tertai) the petitio)? A: No/ this is dis-retio)ar* !)der 3e-tio) D( The CA ma* or ma* )ot ,i5e d!e -o!rse to the petitio) !)li>e i) ordi)ar* appeal( Ya) a), >ai7aha) ), ordi)ar* appeal a)d petitio) for re5ie6( I) ordi)ar* appeal !)der R!le "#/ 6he) *o! file )oti-e of appeal a)d *o! pa* *o!r do->et fee/ *o!r appeal is a!tomati-all* e)tertai)ed( At least it 6ill 7e heard 7* the CA( =!t i) R!le "'/ it is )ot the same( Whe) *o! ,o there/ 6hether *o!r petitio) for re5ie6 6ill 7e ,i5e) d!e -o!rse or )ot e5e) if *o! ha5e paid the do->et fee( Normall*/ the CA 6ill re@!ired *o! to -omme)t a)d the) -ha)-es are after a)other mo)th a)d after readi), *o!r petitio) a)d *o!r -omme)t/ the CA 6ill ref!se to ,i5e d!e -o!rse to *o!r petitio)/ 0o!r petition is hereby dismissed1 3o/ *o! m!st -o)5i)-e the CA )a ma* merit 7aahF Q: What happe)s 6he) the petitio) for re5ie6 is ,i5e) d!e -o!rse? A: The parties 6ill 7e re@!ired to s!7mit their respe-ti5e memora)da( Ta>e )ote that the RTC is also ,i5e) the po6er to iss!e orders for the prote-tio) of the parties + the same as i) 3e-tio) M/ para,raph L7N( 'ec. 8. -levation of re ord. Whe)e/er the %ourt of #ppeals dee,s (t )ecessary1 (t ,ay order the clerk of court of the Re+(o)al Tr(al %ourt to ele/ate the or(+()al record of the case ()clud()+ the oral a)d docu,e)tary e/(de)ce 0(th() f(ftee) 5*26 days fro, )ot(ce. 5)6 Q: No6/ 6he) is a) appeal 7* petitio) for re5ie6 deemed perfe-ted? A: 3e-tio) M LaN( 3imilar to R!le "#( The same pri)-iple: 'ec. =. 2erfe tion of appeal; effe t thereof. 5a6 &po) the t(,ely f(l()+ of a pet(t(o) for re/(e0 a)d the pay,e)t of the correspo)d()+ docket a)d other la0ful fees1 the appeal (s dee,ed perfected as to the pet(t(o)er. The Re+(o)al Tr(al %ourt loses .ur(sd(ct(o) o/er the case upo) the perfect(o) of the appeals f(led () due t(,e a)d the e-p(rat(o) of the t(,e to appeal of the other part(es. !o0e/er1 4efore the %ourt of #ppeals +(/es due course to the pet(t(o)1 the Re+(o)al Tr(al %ourt ,ay (ssue orders for the protect(o) a)d preser/at(o) of the r(+hts of the part(es 0h(ch do )ot ()/ol/e a)y ,atter l(t(+ated 4y the appeal1 appro/e co,pro,(ses1 per,(t appeals of ()d(+e)t l(t(+a)ts1 order e-ecut(o) pe)d()+ appeal () accorda)ce 0(th sect(o) 2 of Rule A<1 a)d allo0 0(thdra0al of the appeal. 5<a1 R4*6 546 E-cept () c(/(l cases dec(ded u)der the Rule o) 'u,,ary Procedure1 the appeal shall stay the .ud+,e)t or f()al order u)less the %ourt of #ppeals1 the la01 or these Rules shall pro/(de other0(se. 5)6
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Q: Does the RTC ha5e the po6er to a-t despite the fa-t that the petitio) for re5ie6 is alread* 7efore the CA? 3!ppose I lost i) the 8TC/ a)d I also lost o) appeal i) the RTC( I file a petitio) for re5ie6( What happe)s to the de-isio)? Ca) the de-isio) 7e e)for-ed? A: NO/ it -a))ot 7e e)for-ed *et 7e-a!se it is )ot *et fi)al( We still ha5e to 6ait for the appeal to 7e dismissed or to 7e e)tertai)ed a)d de)ied later( 2)der para,raph L7N/ the appeal shall stay the 3!dgment or final order 456-(( the )*, the law or these r!les sho!ld provide otherwise. Also/ 7ased o) the ope)i), -la!se of para,raph L7N/ e# ept in ivil ases provided in the +!les on (!mmary 2ro ed!re/ a)* part thereafter appealed to the CA 6ill )ot stop the impleme)tatio) of the RTC de-isio)( 2)der 3e-tio) '# of the 3!mmar* R!les/ 6he) a -ase is started i) the 8TC !)der the 3!mmar* Pro-ed!re/ a)d appealed to the RTC a)d de-ided 7* the RTC/ the de-isio) 7e-omes immediatel* eBe-!tor*( E5e) if 6e file a petitio) for re5ie6/ it is eBe-!tor*( The o)l* 6a* to stop the RTC from e)for-i), that <!d,me)t is to ,et a TRO or a 6rit of prelimi)ar* i)<!)-tio) from the CA( That is the r!le( I ha5e a similar -ase )o6 o) that iss!e( The -ase ori,i)ated from the 8TC for e<e-tme)t( The defe)da)t lost/ a>*at ),a*o) sa RTC/ affirmed( A)d the) a>*at )a )ama) a), defe)da)t sa CA o) petitio) for re5ie6 altho!,h ri,ht )o6/ it has )ot *et 7ee) ,i5e) d!e -o!rse$ 6ith a pra*er for TRO( =!t the CA said that there is )o -ompelli), reaso) to iss!e o)e( I) the mea)time/ I filed a motio) for eBe-!tio)( The defe)da)t opposed o) the ,ro!)d that a <!d,me)t -a))ot 7e eBe-!ted da6 7e-a!se of a pe)di), petitio) for re5ie6( =!t this is !)der the 3!mmar* R!les + e<e-tme)t( This is a) eB-eptio)/ so that 6ill )ot appl*( 'ec. <. (!bmission for de ision. If the pet(t(o) (s +(/e) due course1 the %ourt of #ppeals ,ay set the case for oral ar+u,e)t or re:u(re the part(es to su4,(t ,e,ora)da 0(th() a per(od of f(ftee) 5*26 days fro, )ot(ce. The case shall 4e dee,ed su4,(tted for dec(s(o) upo) the f(l()+ of the last plead()+ or ,e,ora)du, re:u(red 4y these Rules or 4y the court (tself. 5)6 AoOoA
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