Species Interaction/Evolution Study Guide

1. Fill in the following chart: Type of Interaction Signs Effects

Competition Predation

(-,-) (+,-)

Each species negatively affects the other. One organism feeds on another.

Parasitism

(+,-)

One species benefits (parasite), one is disadvantaged (host)

Mutualism

(+,+)

Both species benefit from the interaction

Commensalism

(+,0)

Species A benefits from species B, but B is unaffected.

2. Give an example of indirect competition. Two organisms who hunt in the same area for food, but at different times 3. Describe the niche of a bat. - Live in caves and feed off of small animals (insects, fish) 4. Compare and contrast natural and artificial selection - Natural selection Survival of the fittest. The strong survive and weak die determined by nature and its constricts. - Artificial Selection - Humans selectively breed animals and plants for human needs. Humans decide who the strongest and weakest are. 5. The change in the genetic characteristics from one generation to the next is called __Evolution______. 6. Evolution occurs over a (long period of time/short period of time)

Species Interaction/Evolution Study Guide

7. What are the 4 important parts of Darwins theory of Evolution. (In your own words) 1. There is variation within individuals of a population (all organisms of the same species are not exactly alike) 2. Some variations are inherited from past generations 3. Some individuals survive and reproduce better than other individuals (Natural Selection) 4. Differential survival and reproduction is influenced by the favorable traits (adaptations) of individuals

8. A group of mice live in an area. Most are born brown but a few are born white. They are transported by accident to the North Pole. Explain how the population of mice would change over time using the words: evolution or evolve, natural selection, generation, survive, and adaptation. Mice that are white have the better adaptation or camouflage when living at the North Pole. Nature will select that the white mice are stronger than the brown mice, as most of these will be eaten because they cannot blend in with their environment. Over time, the brown mice will be driven out of the population and will go extinct, leaving only white mice. The mice have evolved into being only white.

9. What is coevolution? Give an example. Two organisms evolving in response to one another. Example Zebras and deer continually getting quicker in response to one another to feed and escape being eaten.

10. How is artificial selection helpful? - Dog and cat breeds (Hypoallergenic pets) and Drought and freeze resistant crops.