Y10 BTEC SPORT

MUSCLES ASSESSMENT

P3 DESCRIBE (paint a picture in words) the 3 different types of muscle e.g.

(voluntary, involuntary) smooth, skeletal and cardiac, you must give examples
of their role in the human body, i.e. smooth muscle is located in the blood
vessels and forms the internal lining of the vessels. This section would make
an ideal introduction to the assignment.

EXPLAIN at least two functions of skeletal muscle, i.e. provide movement as

a result of muscle contraction and leverage of the skeletal system and heat;
when we exercise our muscles generate heat that is why we sweat.

PROVIDE a labelled diagram of the major muscles, front and back. The
diagram must be referenced. Plus list the role/function of each muscle.

DESCRIBE with the use of a supporting diagram the basic structure of

skeletal muscle; smallest filaments (actin & myosin) myofibrils and bundles.
You must reference your diagram.

EXPLAIN how muscles move e.g. tendons, antagonistic pairs, contraction

(isotonic [concentric, eccentric] isometric).

EXPLAIN the different fibre types, i.e. fast twitch and slow twitch.

P4 IDENTIFY (list) the long and short term effects of exercise on the muscles
(at least 2 of each) Must include – breakdown of muscle tissue and
hypertrophy.

Short Term Effects Long Term Effects

Increased temperature Muscle hypertrophy
Muscle breakdown Improved muscle tone
Increased blood flow Improved tolerance to lactic acid

M3 EXPLAIN 4 Sporting actions including diagrams to support your

explanations. You will need to consider all the movement patterns such as
flexion, extension, rotation, circumduction, adduction and abduction.

EXPLAIN the type of muscular contraction occurring in the sporting action

e.g. concentric, eccentric, isometric and the resulting movement pattern i.e.
flexion about the knee joint. See 100m sprint as example.

EXPLAIN which muscle contracts; which is the agonist/antagonist during

different phases of the movement (see table enclosed).

EXPLAIN which fibre type the athlete in your diagram will most likely have.
 Example:

100m Muscles Contraction Agonist Antagonist Fibre type

sprinter
Quadriceps The quadriceps contract Quadriceps= The hamstring 90% fast twitch
concentrically providing extension relaxes during 10% slow twitch
extension about the about the knee this phase of
knee. the running
action
Hamstrings The hamstrings contract Hamstrings= The quadriceps 90% fast twitch
to provide flexion about flexion about relax during 10% slow twitch
the knee, raising the leg the knee this phase of
during the running the running
action action
Gastrocnemius Contract isometrically Gastrocnemius Tibialis 90% fast twitch
holding the plantar leg Anterior 10% slow twitch
in position raising the
foot for the next
movement
D1 4 Sporting actions - you can use the same or add info onto the ones you have
already chosen

ANALYSE make comparison with the other sporting activities, i.e. during the
100m sprint the quadriceps contract concentrically to extend the leg. However
in the weightlifting the quadriceps act as synergists contracting isometrically

DISCUSS what actions are occurring during each phase of the sporting action.

DISCUSS what contractions are necessary

D2 ANALYSE effects of exercise on MUSCULAR systems comparing different

types of training i.e. weight lifting will cause muscle hypertrophy (this must
include a definition of what hypertrophy is) and increase strength, whereas
long distance running will increase the endurance of each muscle.
You will need to consider effects on both skeletal and cardiac muscle.

ANALYSE the effects of long and short term effects of exercise. Compare the
effects, in particular with repeated training the body becomes more tolerant to
the exercise.