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Natalie E. Hubbard And Howard J. ARNOTT The Department of Biology and The Center for Electron Microscopy, The University of Texas at Arlington
Plant Anatomy
Two main functions: 1. Important inconduction of carbohydrates, minerals and water 2. A vital support organ for leaves, fruit and reproductive organs
Parenchyma
Palisade: generally on the upper side of
chlorenchyma cells most responsible (tissue) for photosynthesis may be arranged in 2 5 rows leaf
Spongy:
-generally on the lower side of the leaf -- cells are irregularly shaped
Vein
Bundle sheath Xylem on adaxial side of vein Phloem on abaxial side of vein Sieve-tube members
Characterized: 2 cotyledons Net-veined leaves Flowering parts usually In multiples of four or five
COLLENCHYMA Collenchyma is closely related to parenchyma. Plastids are not well differentiated in collenchyma. They are well differentiated and obvious in parenchyma. Collenchyma always occurs just beneath the epidermis, while parenchyma occurs throughout the plant. Collenchyma cell walls are unevenly thickened. When the thickening occurs at the corners where cells are joined it is called angular.
Bundle sheath filled with chloroplasts surrounding each vein Epidermis Abaxial(upper) adaxial(lower)
Abaxial epidermis
Apical meristem:
Common features found in most shoot apices are the activemeristem which includes the tunica ,surrounded by the peripheral zone,central mother cells,pithrib meristem
hydrilla
Apical meristem
leaves
hydrilla
Tunica
Tunica is one or more superficial layers that shows only anticlinal divisions. There may be more than one layers of tunica.
The corpus is a group of cells covered by the tunica. It is characterized by divisions in many planes which add volume to the stem as its derivatives enlarge.
triticum
Shoot apical meristem
triticum
Syringa
Central mother cells are a basic feature of meristems. They are centrally located at the summit and include parts of the tunica and corpus.These cells are larger and more vacuolated than surrounding cells, therefore stain lighter.
tunica
References
Mauseth, James D. Plant Anatomy.Menlo Park,Benjamin Cummings ,1988. Raven,Peter H,et al.Biology of Plants.Ed.5,NewYork,Worth,1992.