Reg. No.

Question Paper Code : 53196

Third Semester Mechanical Engineering

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATION, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2010

ME 2204 FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY

(Common to Aeronautical Engineering, Automobile Engineering and Production Engineering) (Regulation 2008) Time : Three hours Answer ALL questions PART A (10 2 = 20 Marks) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Why is it necessary in winter to use lighter oil for automobiles than in summer? To what property does the term lighter refer? Cite examples equations. for dimensionally homogeneous and non-homogeneous

Mention the circumstances which necessitate the use of distorted models. What is a laminar sub layer?

Define eddy viscosity. How it differs from molecular viscosity? State the principles on which turbo-machines are based. Under what conditions would you suggest use of double-suction pump and a multistage pump? What is an air vessel? List the objectives that would be fulfilled by the use of air vessels. What is priming? PART B (5 16 = 80 Marks)

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11. (a) (i) (ii)

A U-tube is made of two capillaries of diameter 1.0 mm and 1.5 mm respectively. The tube is kept vertically and partially filled with water of surface tension 0.0736 N/m and zero contact angle. Calculate the difference in the levels of the menisci caused by the capillary. (6)

Lateral stability of a long shaft 150 mm in diameter is obtained by means of a 250 mm stationary bearing having an internal diameter of 150.25 mm. If the space between bearing and shaft is filled with a lubricant having a viscosity 0.245 N s/m2, what power will be

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Suppose the small air bubbles in a glass of tap water may be on the order of 50 m in diameter. What is the pressure inside these bubbles?

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Maximum : 100 Marks

required to overcome the viscous resistance when the shaft is rotated at a constant rate of 180 rpm? (10) Or (b) (i)

A pipeline 60 cm in diameter bifurcates at a Y-junction into two branches 40 cm and 30 cm in diameter. If the rate of flow in the main pipe is 1 .5 m3/s, and the mean velocity of flow in the 30 cm pipe is 7.5 m/s, determine the rate of flow in the 40 cm pipe. (4)

(ii)

Derive the energy equation and state the assumptions made while deriving the equation. (12)

12.

(a)

(b)

Two pipes of diameter 40 cm and 20 cm are each 300 m long. When the pipes are connected in series and discharge through the pipe line is 0.10 m3/sec, find the loss of head incurred. What would be the loss of head in the system to pass the same total discharge when the pipes are connected in parallel? Take f = 0.0075 for each pipe. (i) The resisting force F of a plane during flight can be considered as dependent upon the length of aircraft (l), velocity (v), air viscosity ( ), air density ( ) and bulk modulus of air (K). Express the functional relationship between these variables using dimensional analysis. Explain the physical significance of the dimensionless groups arrived. (8) (ii) A geometrically similar model of an air duct is built to 1/25 scale and tested with water which is 50 times more viscous and 800 times denser than air. When tested under dynamically similar conditions, the pressure drop is 200 kN/m2 in the model. Find the corresponding pressure drop in the full scale prototype and express in cm of water. (8) Or

13.

(a)

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(b)

The drag force (F) on a partially submerged body depends on the relative velocity (V) between the body and the fluid, characteristic linear dimension (l), height of surface roughness (k), fluid density ( ), the viscosity ( ) and the acceleration due to gravity (g). Obtain an

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Or

A pipe of 10 cm in diameter and 1000 m long is used to pump oil of viscosity 8.5 poise and specific gravity 0.92 at the rate of 1200 lit./min. The first 30 m of the pipe is laid along the ground sloping upwards at 10 to the horizontal and remaining pipe is laid on the ground sloping upwards 15 to the horizontal. State whether the flow is laminar or turbulent? Determine the pressure required to be developed by the pump and the power required for the driving motor if the pump efficiency is 60%. Assume suitable data for friction factor, if required.

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53196

expression for the drag force, using the method of dimensional analysis. 14. (a) The head discharge characteristics of a centrifugal pump is given below. Discharge (lit/sec) 0 10 20 30 40 50

The pump delivers fresh water through a 500 m long, 15 cm diameter pipe line having friction coefficient of f = 0.025. The static lift is 15 m. Neglecting minor losses in the pipe flow, find (i) the discharge of the pump under the above conditions (ii) driving power of the pump motor. Assume a pump efficiency of 72%. Or (b)

An inward flow reaction turbine having an overall efficiency of 80% is required to deliver 136 kW. The head H is 16 m and the peripheral

15.

(a)

Explain the working principle of single and double acting reciprocating pumps with neat diagram in detail. Also explain the effects of inertia pressure and friction on the performance of the pump using indicator diagrams with and without air vessel. (8 + 8) Or

(b)

(i)

For a single acting reciprocating pump, piston diameter is 150 mm, stroke length is 300 mm, rotational speed is 50 r.p.m. The pump is required to lift water to a height of 18 m. Determine the theoretical discharge. If the actual discharge is 4.0 lit./sec, and the mechanical efficiency is 80% determine the volumetric efficiency, slip, theoretical power and the actual power required. (10) Explain the working principle of screw pump and gear pump with neat diagram in detail. (6)

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(ii)

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velocity is 3.3 H . The radial velocity of flow at inlet is 1.1 H . The runner rotates at 120 rpm. The hydraulic losses in the turbine are 15% of the flow available energy. Determine (i) diameter of the runner, (ii) guide vane angle, (iii) the runner blade angle at inlet and (iv) the discharge through the turbine.

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53196

Head (meters)

25.3 25.5 24.5 22.2 18.7 12.0