www.jntuworld.

com

www.jwjobs.net

ECAD & VLSI LAB

MANUAL FOR B.TECH ECE IV-1 SEMESTER BY

SATHISH DADI

M.TECH

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

IV Year B.Tech. ECE - I Sem L T/P/D C 0 -/3/- 2

E-CAD AND VLSI LAB

List of Experiments Design and implementation of the following CMOS digital/analog circuits using Cadence / Mentor Graphics / Synopsys / Equivalent CAD tools. The design shall include Gate-level design, Transistor-level design, Hierarchical design, Verilog HDL/VHDL design, Logic synthesis, Simulation and verification, Scaling of CMOS Inverter for different technologies, study of secondary effects ( temperature, power supply and process corners), Circuit optimization with respect to area, performance and/or power, Layout, Extraction of parasitics and back annotation, modifications in circuit parameters and layout consumption, DC/transient analysis, Verification of layouts (DRC, LVS) E-CAD programs: Programming can be done using any complier. Down load the programs on FPGA/CPLD boards and performance testing may be done using pattern generator (32 channels) and logic analyzer apart from verification by simulation with any of the front end tools.

1. HDL code to realize all the logic gates 2. Design of 2-to-4 decoder 3. Design of 8-to-3 encoder (without and with parity) 4. Design of 8-to-1 multiplexer 5. Design of 4 bit binary to gray converter 6. Design of Multiplexer/ Demultiplexer, comparator 7. Design of Full adder using 3 modeling styles 8. Design of flip flops: SR, D, JK, T 9. Design of 4-bit binary, BCD counters ( synchronous/ asynchronous reset) or any sequence counter 10. Finite State Machine Design

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

VLSI programs: 1. Introduction to layout design rules

2. Layout, physical verification, placement & route for complex design, static timing analysis, IR drop analysis and crosstalk analysis of the following: Basic logic gates CMOS inverter CMOS NOR/ NAND gates CMOS XOR and MUX gates CMOS 1-bit full adder Static / Dynamic logic circuit (register cell) Latch Pass transistor 3. Layout of any combinational circuit (complex CMOS logic gate)- Learning about data paths 4. Introduction to SPICE simulation and coding of NMOS/CMOS circuit 5. SPICE simulation of basic analog circuits: Inverter / Differential amplifier 6. Analog Circuit simulation (AC analysis) CS & CD amplifier 7. System level design using PLL

Note: Any SIX of the above experiments from each part are to be conducted (Total 12)

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

EXPERIMENT -1 Simulation using all the modeling styles and Synthesis of all the logic gates usingVerilog HDL --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Aim:

1. Perform Zero Delay Simulation of all the logic gates written in behavioral, dataflow and structural
modeling style in Verilog using a Test bench.

2. Synthesize each one of them on two different EDA tools.

Apparatus required: Electronics Design Automation Tools used: i) ii) iii) iv) Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA +CPLD Board Model Sim simulation tool or Xilinx ISE Simulator tool Xilinx XST Synthesis tool or LeonardoSpectrum Synthesis Tool Xilinx Project Navigator 13.2 (Includes all the steps in the design flow fromSimulation to Implementation to download onto FPGA). v) vi) JTAG cable Adator 5v/4A

Boolean equations: And Gate:Y = (A.B) Or Gate: Y = (A + B) Nand Gate: Y = (A.B) Nor Gate: Y = (A+B) Xor Gate: Y = A.B + A.B Xnor Gate: Y = A.B + A.B

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Block diagram:

Verilog program for AND gate: // And Gate (In Dataflow, behavioral Modeling): Module andg(a,b,c); input a,b; output c; assign c = a & b; endmodule

//behavioural modeling

Module andg1(a,b,c); input a,b; always(a,b) begin if (a==1b0 or b == 1b0) c = 1b0; else if (a==1b0 or b == 1b1) c = 1b0; else if (a==1b1 or b == 1b0) c = 1b0; else if (a==1b1 or b == 1b1)

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

c = 1b1; endendmodule

Verilog program for OR gate:

//Or gate(Dataflow, behavioral modeling): Module org (a,b,c); input a,b; output c; assign c = a | b; endmodule

Verilog program for nand gate: // Nand Gate (In Dataflow modeling): Module nandg (a,b,c); input a,b; output c; assign c = ~(a & b); endmodule

Verilog program for NOR gate: // Nor Gate (In Dataflow modeling): Module norg (a,b,c); input a,b; output c; assign c = ~(a | b); endmodule

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Verilog program for XOR gate: Xor gate(In Dataflow modeling): Module xorg (a,b,c); input a,b; output c; assign c = a ^ b; endmodule (or) Module xorg2 (a,b,c); input a,b; output c; assign c = (~a & b) | (a & ~b); endmodule

Verilog program for XNOR gate: //Xnor Gate (In Dataflow modeling): Module xnorg (a,b,c); input a,b; output c; assign c = ~(a ^ b); endmodule

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

VHDL PROGRAM FOR ALL LOGIC GATES: library ieee; use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; entity digital_gates is port( x: in std_logic; y: in std_logic; sel:in std_logic_vector(1 downto 0); F: out std_logic); end digital_gates; architecture behav1 of digital_gates is begin process(x, y, sel) begin if (sel = "00") then F <= x and y; elsif (sel = "01") then F <= x or y; elsif (sel = "10") then F <= x nand y; elsif (sel = "11") then F <= x nor y; else F <= '0'; end if; end process; end behav1;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Test Bench: library ieee;

programmable digital gates

use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; entity tb_digital_gates is end tb_digital_gates; architecture behav1 of tb_digital_gates is component digital_gates is port( x: in std_logic; y: in std_logic; sel:in std_logic_vector(1 downto 0); F: out std_logic ); end component; signal x,y,F:std_logic; signal sel:std_logic_vector(1 downto 0); begin U1: digital_gates port map(x,y, sel,F); process begin x <= '0'; wait for 10 ns; x <= '1'; wait for 20 ns; end process; process begin y <= '0';

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

wait for 20 ns; y <= '1'; wait for 30 ns; end process; process begin sel <= "00","01" after 20 ns,"10" after 40 ns,"11" after 80 ns; wait for 120 ns; end process; end behav1;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

EXPERIMENT -2 Design of decoder usingVerilog HDL --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Aim: 1. Perform Zero Delay Simulation of decodere in Verilog using a Test bench. 2. Synthesize each one of them on two different EDA tools. Apparatus required: Electronics Design Automation Tools used: i) ii) iii) iv) Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA +CPLD Board Model Sim simulation tool or Xilinx ISE Simulator tool Xilinx XST Synthesis tool or LeonardoSpectrum Synthesis Tool Xilinx Project Navigator 13.2 (Includes all the steps in the design flow fromSimulation to Implementation to download onto FPGA). v) vi) JTAG cable Adator 5v/4A

Block diagram:

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Verilog program: module decoder(a, y); input [1:0] a; output [3:0] y; reg [3:0] y; always @ (a) case(a)

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

2b00: y<= 4b1110; 2b01: y<= 4b1101; 2b10: y<= 4b1011; 2b11: y<= 4b0111; end case; endmodule ******************************************** //decoder using case statement module dec2to4(W, Y, En); input [1:0] W; input En; output [0:3] Y; reg [0:3] Y; always @(*) case ({en,W}) 3b100: Y = 4b1000; 3b101: Y = 4b0100; 3b110: Y = 4b0010; 3b111: Y = 4b0001; default: Y = 4b0000; endcase endmodule **************************************************** module decoder_2to4(Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0, A, B, en); output Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0; input A, B; input en; reg Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

always @(A or B or en) begin if (en == 1'b1) case ( {A,B} ) 2'b00: {Y3,Y2,Y1,Y0} = 4'b1110; 2'b01: {Y3,Y2,Y1,Y0} = 4'b1101; 2'b10: {Y3,Y2,Y1,Y0} = 4'b1011; 2'b11: {Y3,Y2,Y1,Y0} = 4'b0111; default: {Y3,Y2,Y1,Y0} = 4'bxxxx; endcase if (en == 0) {Y3,Y2,Y1,Y0} = 4'b1111; end endmodule //***************test bench******************** module Test_decoder_2to4; wire Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0; reg A, B; reg en; // Instantiate the Decoder (named DUT {device under test}) decoder_2to4 DUT(Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0, A, B, en); initial begin $timeformat(-9, 1, " ns", 6); #1; A = 1'b0; // time = 0 B = 1'b0; en = 1'b0; #9; en = 1'b1; // time = 10 #10; A = 1'b0; B = 1'b1; // time = 20

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

#10; A = 1'b1; B = 1'b0; // time = 30 #10; A = 1'b1; B = 1'b1; // time = 40 #5; en = 1'b0; // time = 45 #5; end always @(A or B or en) #1 $display("t=%t",$time," en=%b",en," A=%b",A," B=%b",B,"

Y=%b%b%b%b",Y3,Y2,Y1,Y0); endmodule ****************************************** module decode24(q, a); output[3:0] q; input[1:0] a; assign q = (4b0001) << a; endmodule ********************************** module dec2to4(W, Y, En); input [1:0] W; input En; output [0:3] Y; reg [0:3] Y; always @(*) case ({en,W}) 3b100: Y = 4b1000; 3b101: Y = 4b0100;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

3b110: Y = 4b0010; 3b111: Y = 4b0001; default: Y = 4b0000; endcase endmodule 3 TO 8 DECODER module decoder(Q0,Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5,Q6,Q7,A,B,C); output Q0,Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5,Q6,Q7; input A,B,C; wire s0,s1,s2;

not (s0,A); not (s1,B); not (s2,C); and (Q0,s0,s1,s2); and (Q1,A,s1,s2); and (Q2,s0,B,s2); and (Q3,A,B,s2); and (Q4,s0,s1,C); and (Q5,A,s1,C); and (Q6,s0,B,C); and (Q7,A,B,C); endmodule //*****TESTBENCH*******// module stimulus; // Set up variables reg A, B, C; // Instantiate the decoder. decoder FF(Q0,Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5,Q6,Q7,A,B,C);

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

// Setup the monitoring for the signal values initial begin $monitor($time,"C=%b, =%b,A=%b ,Q=%b%b%b%b%b%b%b%b\n", C,B,A,Q0,Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5,Q6,Q7); end // Stimulate inputs Initial begin C=1'b0; B =1'b0; A = 1'b0; #10 C =1'b0; B = 1'b0; A= 1'b1; #10 C =1'b0; B = 1'b1; A= 1'b0; #10 C =1'b0; B = 1'b1; A= 1'b1; #10 C =1'b1; B = 1'b0; A= 1'b0; #10 C =1'b1; B = 1'b0; A= 1'b1; #10 C =1'b1; B = 1'b1; A= 1'b0; #10 C =1'b1; B = 1'b1; A= 1'b1; end endmodule ********************************************************** module decoder_3to8(Y7, Y6, Y5, Y4, Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0, A, B, C, en); output Y7, Y6, Y5, Y4, Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0; input A, B, C; input en;

assign {Y7,Y6,Y5,Y4,Y3,Y2,Y1,Y0} = ( {en,A,B,C} == 4'b1000) ? 8'b1111_1110 : ( {en,A,B,C} == 4'b1001) ? 8'b1111_1101 : ( {en,A,B,C} == 4'b1010) ? 8'b1111_1011 : ( {en,A,B,C} == 4'b1011) ? 8'b1111_0111 : ( {en,A,B,C} == 4'b1100) ? 8'b1110_1111 : ( {en,A,B,C} == 4'b1101) ? 8'b1101_1111 :

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

( {en,A,B,C} == 4'b1110) ? 8'b1011_1111 : ( {en,A,B,C} == 4'b1111) ? 8'b0111_1111 : 8'b1111_1111; Endmodule //TESTBENCH module Test_decoder_3to8; wire Y7, Y6, Y5, Y4, Y3, Y2, Y1, Y0; reg A, B, C; reg en; // Instantiate the Decoder (named DUT {device under test}) decoder_3to8 DUT(Y7,Y6,Y5,Y4,Y3,Y2,Y1,Y0, A, B, C, en); initial begin $timeformat(-9, 1, " ns", 6); #1; A = 1'b0; // time = 0 B = 1'b0; C = 1'b0; en = 1'b0; #9; en = 1'b1; // time = 10 #10; A = 1'b0; B = 1'b1; C = 1'b0; // time = 20 #10; A = 1'b1; B = 1'b0; C = 1'b0; // time = 30

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

#10; A = 1'b1; B = 1'b1; C = 1'b0; // time = 40 #5; en = 1'b0; // time = 45 #5; end always @(A or B or C or en) $display("t=%t en=%b ABC=%b%b%b Y=%b%b%b%b%b%b%b%b", $time,en,A,B,C,Y7,Y6,Y5,Y4,Y3,Y2,Y1,Y0); Endmodule ******************************************************** module decoder (in,out); input [2:0] in; output [7:0] out; wire [7:0] out;

assign out =

(in == 3'b000 ) ? 8'b0000_0001 :

(in == 3'b001 ) ? 8'b0000_0010 : (in == 3'b010 ) ? 8'b0000_0100 : (in == 3'b011 ) ? 8'b0000_1000 : (in == 3'b100 ) ? 8'b0001_0000 : (in == 3'b101 ) ? 8'b0010_0000 : (in == 3'b110 ) ? 8'b0100_0000 : (in == 3'b111 ) ? 8'b1000_0000 : 8'h00; endmodule

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

******************************************************** module decoder_always (in,out); input [2:0] in; output [7:0] out; reg [7:0] out; always @ (in) begin out = 0; case (in) 3'b001 : out = 8'b0000_0001; 3'b010 : out = 8'b0000_0010; 3'b011 : out = 8'b0000_0100; 3'b100 : out = 8'b0000_1000; 3'b101 : out = 8'b0001_0000; 3'b110 : out = 8'b0100_0000; 3'b111 : out = 8'b1000_0000; endcase end endmodule //USING FOR LOOP module Decode3To8For(yOut, aIn, enable); output [7:0]yOut; input [2:0]aIn; input enable; reg [7:0] yOut; integer k; always@(aIn or enable) begin if(enable == 1) begin for(k=0;k<8;k=k+1)

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

begin if(aIn == k) yOut[k] = 0; else yOut[k] = 1; end end end endmodule BCD decoder

This circuit has four binary inputs and ten binary outputs. The ith output is asserted if the binary inputs are the binary number i, where 0 i 9. The inputs will never be a number greater than 9 (or if they are, we dont care what the output is).

module (X, Y); input [3:0] X; output [0:9] Y; reg [0:9] Y; always @(*) begin Y = 0; case (X) 0: Y[0] = 1; 1: Y[1] = 1; 2: Y[2] = 1; 3: Y[3] = 1; 4: Y[4] = 1; 5: Y[5] = 1; 6: Y[6] = 1; 7: Y[7] = 1;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

8: Y[8] = 1; 9: Y[9] = 1; default: Y = bx; endcase end endmodule

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

EXPERIMENT -3
Design of 8-to-3 encoder (without and with parity) usingVerilog HDL

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Aim:
1. Perform Zero Delay Simulation of all the logic gates written in behavioral, dataflow and structural modeling style in Verilog using a Test bench. 2. Synthesize each one of them on two different EDA tools.

Apparatus required:
Electronics Design Automation Tools used: i) ii) iii) iv) Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA +CPLD Board Model Sim simulation tool or Xilinx ISE Simulator toolXilinx XST Synthesis tool or LeonardoSpectrum Synthesis Tool Xilinx Project Navigator 13.2 (Includes all the steps in the design flow fromSimulation to Implementation to download onto FPGA). v) vi) THEORY:
An encoder is a digital circuit which performs the inverse of decoder.An encoder has 2^N input lines and N output lines.In encoder the output lines genrate the binary code corresponding to input value.The decimal to bcd encoder usually has 10 input lines and 4 ouput lines.The decoder decimal data as an input for decoder an encoded bcd ouput is available at 4 output lines.

JTAG cable Adator 5v/4A

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Y2 = w7 + w6 + w5 + w4 Y1 = w7 + w6 + w3 + w2 Y0 = w7 + w5 + w3 + w1

Verilog program for 8x3 encoder:

module encoder (din, dout); input [7:0] din; output [2:0] dout; reg [2:0] dout; always @(din) begin if (din ==8'b00000001) dout=3'b000; else if (din==8'b00000010) dout=3'b001; else if (din==8'b00000100) dout=3'b010; else if (din==8'b00001000) dout=3'b011; else if (din==8'b00010000) dout=3'b100; else if (din ==8'b00100000) dout=3'b101; else if (din==8'b01000000) dout=3'b110; else if (din==8'b10000000) dout=3'b111; else dout=3'bX; end endmodule

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Priority Encoders A priority encoder has n inputs and log2n outputs. The output signals are a binary number such that its valueis the highest index value of all the inputs that are 1. Example: 4-to-2 priority encoder: y1 = w3w2 + w3 y2 = w3w2w1 + w3 z = w0 + w1 + w2 + w3 Priority encoder is a special type of encoder in which multiple bits at the input can be asserted. The response at the output is however defined by the priority rule, defined previously. Priority encoders have vast application in different client-server systems. In client-server systems decision is made to grant a service based on the priority of any specific client. Here is a verilog code for an 8:3 priority encoder. It grants the highest priority to the "most left sided bit in the input word". For example in data word "00010101" the highest priority is carried by the most left sided one, appearing at the fourth (counting from left side). So all the other bits that come next to it will be discarded or in other words will not be taken into account. Verilog implementation has been done using "casex" statement. an 8-bit priority encoder. This circuit basically converts a one-hot encoding into a binary representation. If input n is active, all lower inputs (n-1 .. 0) are ignored. Please read the description of the 4:2 encoder for an explanation.
x7 x6 x5 x4 x3 x2 x1 x0 y2 y1 y0 ---------------------------------1 X X X X X X X 1 1 1 0 1 X X X X X X 1 1 0 0 0 1 X X X X X 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 X X X X 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 X X X 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 X X 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 X 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X 0 0 0

module priority_encoder (code, valid_data, data); output [2:0] code; output valid data; input [7:0] data; reg [2:0] code; assign valid_data= |data; // Use of "reduction or" operator

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

always @ (data) begin casex (data) 8'b1xxxxxxx : code=7; 8'b01xxxxxx : code=6; 8'b001xxxxx : code=5 8'b0001xxxx : code=4; 8'b00001xxx : code=3; 8'b000001xx : code=2; 8'b0000001x : code=1; 8'b00000001 : code=0; dafault : code=3'bx; endcase endmodule Verilog program for 4 x2 priority encoder module priority (W, Y, z); input [3:0] W; output [1:0] Y; output z; reg [1:0] Y; reg z; always @(*) begin z = 1; casex (W) 4b1xxx: Y = 3; 4b01xx: Y = 2; 4b001x: Y = 1; 4b0001: Y = 0; default: begin z=0; Y = 2bxx; end endcase

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

end endmodule

Verilog code for a 3-bit 1-of-9 Priority Encoder.

module priority (sel, code); input [7:0] sel; output [2:0] code; reg [2:0] code; always @(sel) begin if (sel[0]) code = 3b000; else if (sel[1]) code = 3b001; else if (sel[2]) code = 3b010; else if (sel[3]) code = 3b011; else if (sel[4]) code = 3b100; else if (sel[5]) code = 3b101; else if (sel[6]) code = 3b110; else if (sel[7]) code = 3b111; else code = 3bxxx; end endmodule

Pri-Encoder - Using if-else Statement

------------------------------------------------module pri_encoder_using_if ( binary_out , // 4 bit binary output encoder_in , // 16-bit input enable // Enable for the encoder ); output [3:0] binary_out ; input enable ; input [15:0] encoder_in ; reg [3:0] binary_out ; always @ (enable or encoder_in) begin binary_out = 0;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

if (enable) begin if (encoder_in[0] == 1) begin binary_out = 1; end else if (encoder_in[1] == 1) begin binary_out = 2; end else if (encoder_in[2] == 1) begin binary_out = 3; end else if (encoder_in[3] == 1) begin binary_out = 4; end else if (encoder_in[4] == 1) begin binary_out = 5; end else if (encoder_in[5] == 1) begin binary_out = 6; end else if (encoder_in[6] == 1) begin binary_out = 7; end else if (encoder_in[7] == 1) begin binary_out = 8; end else if (encoder_in[8] == 1) begin binary_out = 9; end else if (encoder_in[9] == 1) begin binary_out = 10; end else if (encoder_in[10] == 1) begin binary_out = 11; end else if (encoder_in[11] == 1) begin binary_out = 12; end else if (encoder_in[12] == 1) begin binary_out = 13; end else if (encoder_in[13] == 1) begin binary_out = 14; end else if (encoder_in[14] == 1) begin binary_out = 15; end end end endmodule

Encoder - Using assign Statement

module pri_encoder_using_assign ( binary_out , // 4 bit binary output encoder_in , // 16-bit input enable // Enable for the encoder ); output [3:0] binary_out ; input enable ; input [15:0] encoder_in ; wire [3:0] binary_out ; assign binary_out (encoder_in[0]) (encoder_in[1]) (encoder_in[2]) (encoder_in[3]) = ? ? ? ? ( 0 1 2 3 ! enable) ? 0 : ( : : : :

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

(encoder_in[4]) ? 4 : (encoder_in[5]) ? 5 : (encoder_in[6]) ? 6 : (encoder_in[7]) ? 7 : (encoder_in[8]) ? 8 : (encoder_in[9]) ? 9 : (encoder_in[10]) ? 10 (encoder_in[11]) ? 11 (encoder_in[12]) ? 12 (encoder_in[13]) ? 13 (encoder_in[14]) ? 14 endmodule

: : : : : 15);

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

EXPERIMENT -4
Design of multiplexer usingVerilog HDL

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Aim:
3. Perform Zero Delay Simulation of multiplexerin Verilog using a Test bench. 4. Synthesize each one of them on two different EDA tools.

Apparatus required:
Electronics Design Automation Tools used: vii) viii) ix) x) Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA +CPLD Board Model Sim simulation tool or Xilinx ISE Simulator toolXilinx XST Synthesis tool or LeonardoSpectrum Synthesis Tool Xilinx Project Navigator 13.2 (Includes all the steps in the design flow fromSimulation to Implementation to download onto FPGA). xi) xii) JTAG cable Adator 5v/4A

Block Diagram:

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Verilog program for 2x1 multiplexer:

module mux2to1 (w0, w1, s, f); input w0, w1, s;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

output f; assign f = s ? w1: w0; endmodule ***************************** module mux21(q, sel, a, b); input sel, a, b; output q; assign q = (~sel & a) | (sel & b); endmodule ****************************** module mux21(q, sel, a, b); input sel, a, b; output q; assign q = sel ? b : a; endmodule ************************* module mux21(q, sel, a, b); wire[3:0] a, b, q; wire sel; assign q = sel ? b: a; endmodule ***************************** module mux_2to1(Y, A, B, sel); output [15:0] Y; input [15:0] A, B; input sel;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

reg [15:0] Y; always @(A or B or sel) if (sel == 1'b0) Y = A; else Y = B; endmodule ********************************** module mux2(out,i0,i1,s0); output out; input i0,i1,s0; //internal wires wire sbar,y1,y2; not g1(sbar,s0); and g2(y1,i0,sbar); and g3(y2,i1,s0); or g4(out,y1,y2); endmodule

//test bench module text_mux2; reg i0,i1; reg s0; wire out; mux2 mymux(out,i0,i1,s0); initial $monitor($time,"s0=%b,i0=%b,i1=%b,out=%b\n",s0,i0,i1,out); initial begin

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

s0=0;i0=0;i1=0; #50 s0=0;i0=0;i1=1; #50 s0=1;i0=0;i1=1; #50 s0=0;i0=1;i1=0; #50 s0=1;i0=1;i1=0; end endmodule module mux21(q, sel, a, b); input sel; input[15:0] a, b; output[15:0] q; assign q = sel ? b : a; endmodule ******************* module mux21n(q, sel, a, b); parameter WID = 16; input sel; input[WID-1:0] a, b; output[WID-1:0] q; assign q = sel ? b : a; endmodule

4 X 1 MULTIPLEXER module mux4to1 (w0, w1, w2, w3, S, f); input w0, w1, w2, w3; input [1:0] S; output f; assign f = S[1] ? (S[0] ? w3 : w2) : (S[0] ? w1 : w0); endmodule

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

******************************** module mux4to1 (W, S, f); input [0:3] W; input [1:0] S; output f; reg f; always @(*) if (S == 0) f = W[0]; else if (S == 1) f = W[1]; else if (S == 2) f = W[2]; else if (S == 3) f = W[3]; endmodule

module mux4_to_1 (out, i0, i1, i2, i3, s1, s0); // Port declarations from the I/O diagram output out; input i0, i1, i2, i3; input s1, s0; // Internal wire declarations wire s1n, s0n; wire y0, y1, y2, y3; // Gate instantiations not (s1n, s1); not (s0n, s0); and (y0, i0, s1n, s0n); and (y1, i1, s1n, s0); and (y2, i2, s1, s0n);

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

and (y3, i3, s1, s0); or (out, y0, y1, y2, y3); endmodule /////TEST BENCH module stimulus; // Declare variables to be connected to inputs reg IN0, IN1, IN2, IN3; reg S1, S0; // Declare output wire wire OUTPUT; // Instantiate the multiplexer mux4_to_1 mymux(OUTPUT, IN0, IN1, IN2, IN3, S1, S0); // Stimulate the inputs initial begin IN0 = 1; IN1 = 0; IN2 = 1; IN3 = 0; #1 $display("IN0= %b, IN1= %b, IN2= %b, IN3= %b\n",IN0,IN1,IN2,IN3); S1 = 0; S0 = 0; #50 $display("S1 = %b, S0 = %b, OUTPUT = %b \n", S1, S0, OUTPUT); S1 = 0; S0 = 1; #50 $display("S1 = %b, S0 = %b, OUTPUT = %b \n", S1, S0, OUTPUT); S1 = 1; S0 = 0; #50 $display("S1 = %b, S0 = %b, OUTPUT = %b \n", S1, S0, OUTPUT); S1 = 1; S0 = 1; #50 $display("S1 = %b, S0 = %b, OUTPUT = %b \n", S1, S0, OUTPUT); end endmodule **************************************** module mux41(q, sel, a, b, c, d); parameter WID=16; input[1:0] sel;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

input[WID-1:0] a, b, c, d; output[WID-1:0] q; assign q = (sel==2'b00) ? a:(sel==1) ? b:(sel==2b10) ? c:d; endmodule

**************************************** module mux41n(q, sel, a, b, c, d); parameter WID=16; input[1:0] sel; input[WID-1:0] a, b, c, d; output[WID-1:0] q; wire[WID-1:0] tmp1, tmp2; mux21n #(WID) M0(tmp1, sel[0], a, b); mux21n #(WID) M1(tmp2, sel[0], c, d); mux21n #(WID) M2(q, sel[1], tmp1, tmp2); endmodule

module mux_4to1(Y, A, B, C, D, sel); output [15:0] Y; input [15:0] A, B, C, D; input [1:0] sel; reg [15:0] Y; always @(A or B or C or D or sel) case ( sel ) 2'b00: Y = A; 2'b01: Y = B; 2'b10: Y = C; 2'b11: Y = D; default: Y = 16'hxxxx; endcase endmodule

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

////////TEST BENCH module Test_mux_4to1; wire [15:0] MuxOut; //use wire data type for outputs from instantiated module reg [15:0] A, B, C, D; //use reg data type for all inputs reg [1:0] sel; // to the instantiated module reg clk; //to be used for timing of WHEN to change input values // Instantiate the MUX (named DUT {device under test}) mux_4to1 DUT(MuxOut, A, B, C, D, sel); //This block generates a clock pulse with a 20 ns period always #10 clk = ~clk; //This initial block will provide values for the inputs // of the mux so that both inputs/outputs can be displayed initial begin $timeformat(-9, 1, " ns", 6); clk = 1b0; // time = 0 A = 16'hAAAA; B = 16'h5555; C = 16'h00FF; D = 16'hFF00; sel = 2'b00; @(negedge clk) //will wait for next negative edge of the clock (t=20) A = 16'h0000; @(negedge clk) //will wait for next negative edge of the clock (t=40) sel = 2'b01; @(negedge clk) //will wait for next negative edge of the clock (t=60) B = 16'hFFFF; @(negedge clk) //will wait for next negative edge of the clock (t=80) sel = 2'b10; A = 16'hA5A5; @(negedge clk) //will wait for next negative edge of the clock (t=100) sel = 2'b00; @(negedge clk) //will wait for next negative edge of the clock (t=120) $finish; // to shut down the simulation end //initial

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

// this block is sensitive to changes on ANY of the inputs and will // then display both the inputs and corresponding output always @(A or B or C or D or sel) #1 $display("At t=%t / sel=%b A=%h B=%h C=%h D=%h / MuxOut=%h", $time, sel, A, B, C, D, MuxOut); endmodule

16 x 1 MULTIPLEXER module mux16to1 (W, S, f, M); input [0:15] W; input [3:0] S; output f; output [3:0] M; wire [0:3] M; mux4to1 Mux1 (W[0:3], S[1:0], M[0]); mux4to1 Mux2 (W[4:7], S[1:0], M[1]); mux4to1 Mux3 (W[8:11], S[1:0], M[2]); mux4to1 Mux4 (W[12:15], S[1:0], M[3]); mux4to1 Mux5 (M[0:3], S[3:2], f); endmodule ********************************************* module mux_16to1(Y, In, sel); output Y; input [15:0] In; input [3:0] sel; wire lo8, hi8, out1; // Instantiate the 8-to-1 muxes and the 2-to-1 mux mux_8to1 mux_lo (lo8, In[7:0], sel[2:0]); mux_8to1 mux_hi (hi8, In[15:8], sel[2:0]); mux_2to1 mux_out (out1, lo8, hi8, sel[3]); // equate the wire out of the 2-to-1 with

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

// the actual output (Y) of the 16-to-1 mux assign Y = out1; endmodule

module Test_mux_16to1; wire MuxOut; reg [15:0] In; reg [3:0] sel; // Instantiate the MUX (named DUT {device under test}) mux_16to1 DUT(MuxOut, In, sel); initial begin $timeformat(-9, 1, " ns", 6); $monitor("At t=%t sel=%b In=%b_%b MuxOut=%b",$time,sel,In[15:8],In[7:0],MuxOut); In = 16'b1100_0011_1011_0100; // time = 0 sel = 4'b0000; #10; sel = 4'b0001; // time = 10 #10; sel = 4'b0010; // time = 20 #10; sel = 4'b0011; // time = 30 #10; In = 16'b1100_0011_1011_1111; sel = 4'b0100; // time = 40 #10; sel = 4'b0101; // time = 50 #10; sel = 4'b0110; // time = 60 #10; sel = 4'b0111; // time = 70 #10;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

In = 16'b1100_0011_1111_1111; // time = 80 sel = 4'b1000; #10; sel = 4'b1001; // time = 90 #10; sel = 4'b1010; // time = 100 #10; sel = 4'b1011; // time = 110 #10; In = 16'b1100_1111_1111_1111; sel = 4'b1100; // time = 120 #10; sel = 4'b1101; // time = 130 #10; sel = 4'b1110; // time = 140 #10; sel = 4'b1111; // time = 150 #5; $finish; end endmodule

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Demultiplexor A demultiplexor is the converse of a multiplexor. It takes one input and directs it to any of N inputs, based on the number specified in the select lines. It could be captured either using procedural code or continuous assignment. Both of the following statements describe identical behavior. VERILOG PROGRAM: module (in1, sel, out2); input [1:0] in1; input [2:0] sel; output [13:0] out2; reg [15:0] out2; integer I; always@(in1 or sel) begin out2 = 14h0; /* default = 00 */ for (I=0; I<=7; I=I+1) if (I == sel) begin out2[I] = in1[0]; out2[I+1] = in1[1]; end end

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

endmodule /*----------------------------*/ module (in1, sel, out2); input [1:0] in1; input [2:0] sel; output [15:0] out2; reg [7:0] select; /* address decoder */ always@(sel) case (sel) 3b000 : select = 8b00000001; 3b001 : select = 8b00000010; 3b010 : select = 8b00000100; 3b011 : select = 8b00001000; 3b100 : select = 8b00010000; 3b101 : select = 8b00100000; 3b110 : select = 8b01000000; 3b111 : select = 8b10000000; endcase assign out2[1:0] = in1 & select[0]; assign out2[3:2] = in1 & select[1]; assign out2[5:4] = in1 & select[2]; assign out2[7:6] = in1 & select[3]; assign out2[9:8] = in1 & select[4]; assign out2[11:10] = in1 & select[5]; assign out2[13:12] = in1 & select[6]; assign out2[15:14] = in1 & select[7]; endmodule

VERilog code for 1-bit fill adder:

//define a 1bit fulladder

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

module fulladd(sum, c_out, a, b, c_in); output sum, c_out; input a, b, c_in; wire s1, c1, c2; xor (s1, a, b); and (c1, a, b); xor (sum, s1, c_in); and (c2, s1, c_in); or (c_out, c2, c1); endmodule

module stimulus; //declare variables to be connected reg A, B; reg C_IN; wire SUM; wire C_OUT; // Instantiate the 4-bit full adder. call it FA1_4 fulladd FA1(SUM, C_OUT, A, B, C_IN); // Setup the monitoring for the signal values initial begin $monitor($time," A= %b, B=%b, C_IN= %b, C_OUT=%b,SUM= %b\n",A,B,C_IN,C_OUT,SUM); end initial begin A = 4'd0; B = 4'd0; C_IN = 1'b0; #50 A = 4'b0; B = 4'b0;C_IN=1'b1; #50 A = 4'b0; B = 4'b1;C_IN=1'b0;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

#50 A = 4'b0; B = 4'b1;C_IN=1'b1; #50 A = 4'b1; B = 4'b0;C_IN=1'b0; #50 A = 4'b1; B = 4'b0;C_IN=1'b1; #50 A = 4'b1; B = 4'b1;C_IN=1'b1; end endmodule //define a 4-bit full adder module fulladd4(sum, c_out, a, b, c_in); //i/o port declaration output [3:0] sum; output c_out; input[3:0] a, b; input c_in; //internal net wire c1, c2, c3; fulladd fa0(sum[0], c1, a[0], b[0], c_in); fulladd fa1(sum[1], c2, a[1], b[1], c1); fulladd fa2(sum[2], c3, a[2], b[2], c2); fulladd fa3(sum[3], c_out, a[3], b[3], c3); endmodule

define the stimulus module module stimulus; //declare variables to be connected reg [3:0] A, B; reg C_IN; wire [3:0] SUM; wire C_OUT; fulladd4 FA1_4(SUM, C_OUT, A, B, C_IN);

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

verilog code for dff module dff(clk, d, q); input clk, d; output reg q; always @(posedge clk) q <= d; endmodule

module DFFAsyncClr(D, clk, resetn, Q, presetn); input D, clk, resetn, presetn; output Q; reg Q; always@(posedge clk or negedge resetn or negedge presetn) if(!resetn) Q <= 0; else if(!presetn) Q <= 1; else Q <= D; endmodule

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

module Reg32(Q, D, clk, reset_); //********************************************************* output [31:0] Q; input [31:0] D; input clk, reset_; reg [31:0] Q; always @(posedge clk or negedge reset) if (!reset_) Q <= 32'b0; else Q <= D; Endmodule

module Test_Reg1; //********************************************************* wire [31:0] OutReg; reg [31:0] Din; reg clk, reset_; // Instantiate Reg32 (named DUT {device under test}) Reg32 DUT(OutReg, Din, clk, reset_); initial begin $timeformat(-9, 1, " ns", 6); clk = 1b0; reset_ = 1b1; // deassert reset t=0 #3 reset_ = 1b0; // assert reset t=3 #4 reset_ = 1b1; // deassert reset t=7 @(negedge clk) //will wait for next negative edge of the clock (t=20)

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Din = 32'hAAAA5555; @(negedge clk) //will wait for next negative edge of the clock (t=40) Din = 32'h5F5F0A0A; @(negedge clk) //will wait for next negative edge of the clock (t=60) Din = 32'hFEDCBA98; @(negedge clk) //will wait for next negative edge of the clock (t=80) reset_ = 1b0; @(negedge clk) //will wait for next negative edge of the clock (t=100) reset_ = 1b1; @(negedge clk) //will wait for next negative edge of the clock (t=120) Din = 32'h76543210; @(negedge clk) //will wait for next negative edge of the clock (t=140) $finish; // to kill the simulation end // This block generates a clock pulse with a 20 ns period. // Rising edges at 10, 30, 50, 70 .... Falling edges at 20, 40, 60, 80 .... always #10 clk = ~ clk; // this block is sensitive to changes on clk or reset and will // then display both the inputs and corresponding output always @(posedge clk or reset_) #1 $display("At t=%t / Din=%h OutReg=%h" , $time, Din, OutReg); Endmodule

Verilog program for seven segment

module SevSegCase(aIn, sOut);

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

input [3:0]aIn; output [6:0]sOut; reg [6:0]sOut; always @(aIn) begin case (aIn) // abcdefg 4'b0000:sOut = 7'b0000001; //0 4'b0001:sOut = 7'b1001111; //1 4'b0010:sOut = 7'b0010010; //2 4'b0011:sOut = 7'b0000110; //3 4'b0100:sOut = 7'b1001100; //4 4'b0101:sOut = 7'b0100100; //5 4'b0110:sOut = 7'b0100000; //6 4'b0111:sOut = 7'b0001111; //7 4'b1000:sOut = 7'b0000000; //8 4'b1001:sOut = 7'b0001100; //9 4'b1010:sOut = 7'b0001000; //A 4'b1011:sOut = 7'b1000010; //B 4'b1100:sOut = 7'b0000111; //C 4'b1101:sOut = 7'b0000001; //D 4'b1110:sOut = 7'b0110000; //E 4'b1111:sOut = 7'b0000110; //F endcase end endmodule

jk ff:

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

module jkff(J, K, clk, Q); input J, K, clk; output Q; reg Q; reg Qm; always @(posedge clk) if(J == 1 && K == 0) Qm <= 1; else if(J == 0 && K == 1) Qm <= 0; else if(J == 1 && K == 1) Qm <= ~Qm; // always @(negedge clk) Q <= Qm; endmodule

//n-bit parallel in/parallel out

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

// register with tri-state out. module RegnBit(dIn, dOut, clk, enable); parameter n = 8; input [n-1:0]dIn; input clk, enable; output [n-1:0] dOut; reg [n-1:0] dOut; reg [n-1:0] state; always @(enable) begin if(enable) dOut = state; //data to out else dOut = n'bz; //tri-state out end always @(posedge clk) state <= dIn; endmodule

//n-bit parallel in/parallel out // register with tri-state out. module RegnBit(dIn, dOut, clk, enable); parameter n = 8; input [n-1:0]dIn; input clk, enable; output [n-1:0] dOut;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

reg [n-1:0] dOut; reg [n-1:0] state; always @(enable) begin if(enable) dOut = state; //data to out else dOut = n'bz; //tri-state out end always @(posedge clk) state <= dIn; endmodule

//n-bit parallel in/parallel out // register with tri-state out. module RegnBit(dIn, dOut, clk, enable); parameter n = 8; input [n-1:0]dIn; input clk, enable; output [n-1:0] dOut; reg [n-1:0] dOut; reg [n-1:0] state; always @(enable) begin if(enable) dOut = state; //data to out else dOut = n'bz; //tri-state out end always @(posedge clk) state <= dIn;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

endmodule

//n-bit parallel in/parallel out // register with tri-state out. module RegnBit(dIn, dOut, clk, enable); parameter n = 8; input [n-1:0]dIn; input clk, enable; output [n-1:0] dOut; reg [n-1:0] dOut; reg [n-1:0] state; always @(enable) begin if(enable) dOut = state; //data to out else dOut = n'bz; //tri-state out end always @(posedge clk) state <= dIn; endmodule

//CntSeq.v //Sequence counter module CntSeq(clk, reset, state); parameter n = 4; input clk, reset; output [n-1:0]state; reg [n-1:0]state;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

// always @(posedge clk) if(reset) state = 0; else begin case (state) 4'b0000:state = 4'b0001; //0 -> 1 4'b0001:state = 4'b0010; //1 -> 2 4'b0010:state = 4'b0100; //2 -> 4 4'b0100:state = 4'b1001; //4 -> 9 4'b1001:state = 4'b1010; //9 -> 10 4'b1010:state = 4'b0101; //10-> 5 4'b0101:state = 4'b0110; //5 -> 6 4'b0110:state = 4'b1000; //6 -> 8 4'b1000:state = 4'b0111; //8 -> 7 default:state = 4'b0000; endcase end endmodule Figure 14 A case statement is used to implement a sequence counter

//ShiftMultiple //This file uses multiple modules for dual shift registers // of differing lengths module ShiftMultiple(sIn, sOut, clk); input [2:0] sIn; input clk;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

output [2:0]sOut; Shiftn Shift4 (clk, sIn[0], sOut[0]); //defaults to n = 4 Shiftn Shift6(clk, sIn[1], sOut[1]); defparam Shift6.n = 6; //resets n to 6 Shiftn Shift12(clk, sIn[2], sOut[2]); defparam Shift12.n = 12; //resets n to 12 endmodule // //Shiftn //n-bit shift register serial in serial out module Shiftn(clk, sIn, sOut); parameter n = 4; //number of stages input sIn, clk; output sOut; reg sOut; reg [n-1:0]state; always @(posedge clk) // sIn -> [0|1|...|n-1] -> sOut begin sOut <= state[n-1]; state <= {state[n-2:0], sIn}; end endmodule

module fundecode(aIn, yOut, enable); input [1:0] aIn; input enable; output [3:0]yOut; reg [3:0] yOut; // function [3:0]FindOutput; input [1:0]xIn;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

if(~xIn[1] && ~xIn[0]) FindOutput = 4'b0111; if(~xIn[1] && xIn[0]) FindOutput = 4'b1011; if(xIn[1] && ~xIn[0]) FindOutput = 4'b1101; if(xIn[1] && xIn[0]) FindOutput = 4'b1110; endfunction // always@(aIn or enable) begin if(enable == 1) begin yOut = FindOutput(aIn); end else yOut = 4'b1111; end endmodule

module taskdecode(aIn, yOut, enable); input [1:0] aIn; input enable; output [3:0]yOut; reg [3:0] yOut; // task FindOutput; input [1:0]xIn; output [3:0] tOut if(~xIn[1] && ~xIn[0]) tOut = 4'b0111; if(~xIn[1] && xIn[0]) tOut = 4'b1011; if(xIn[1] && ~xIn[0]) tOut = 4'b1101;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

if(xIn[1] && xIn[0]) tOut = 4'b1110; endtask // always@(aIn or enable) begin if(enable == 1) begin FindOutput(aIn, yOut); end else yOut = 4'b1111; end endmodule

module flif_flop (clk,reset, q, d); 2 input clk, reset, d; 3 output q; 4 reg q; 5 6 always @ (posedge clk ) 7 begin 8 if (reset == 1) begin 9 q <= 0;

10 end else begin 11 q <= d;

12 end 13 end 14 15 endmodule

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Starting the ISE Software : For Windows users, start ISE from the Start menu by selecting: Start Programs Xilinx ISE 7 Project Navigator The ISE Project Navigator opens. The Project Navigator lets you manage the sources and processes in your ISE project. All of the tasks in the Quick Start Tutorial are managed from with in Project Navigator.

Stopping and Restarting a Session At any point during this tutorial you can stop your session and continue at a later time. To stop the session: Save all source files you have opened in other applications. Exit the software (ISE and other applications). The current status of the ISE project is maintained when exiting the software. To restart your session, start the ISE software again. ISE displays the contents and state of your project with the last saved changes.

Accessing Help At any time during the tutorial, you can access online help for additional information about a variety of topics and procedures in the ISE software as well as related tools. To open Help you may do either of the following:

1. Press to view Help for the specific tool or function that you have selected or highlighted.-->F1 2. Launch the ISE Help Contents from the Help menu. It contains information about creating and maintaining your complete design flow in ISE.

Creating a New Project in ISE

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

In this section, you will create a new ISE project. A project is a collection of all files necessary to create and to download a design to a selected FPGA or CPLD device.

To create a new project for this tutorial: 1. Select . The New Project Wizard appears. File > New Project 2. First, enter a location (directory path) for the new project. 3. Type tutorial in the Project Name field. When you type tutorial in the Project Name field, a tutorial subdirectory is created automatically in the directory path you selected. 4. Select from the Top-Level Module Type list, indicating that the top-level file in your HDL project will be HDL, rather than Schematic or EDIF.

5. Click Next to move to the project properties page. 6. Fill in the properties in the table as shown below Device Family: CoolRunner XPLA3 CPLDs Device: Package: xcr3128xl TQ144

Speed Grade: -7 Top-Level Module Type: Synthesis Tool: Simulator: HDL

XST (VHDL/Verilog) ModelSim

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Generated Simulation Language:

or VHDL

, depending on the language you want

Verilog

to use when running behavioral simulation.

When the table is complete, your project properties should look like the following:

7. Click Next to proceed to the Create New Source window in the New Project Wizard. At the end of the next section, your new project will be created.

Creating an HDL Source

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

In this section, you will create a top-level HDL file for your design. Determine the language that you wish to use for the tutorial. Then, continue either to the "Creating a VHDL Source" section below.

This simple AND Gate design has two inputs: A and B. This design has one output called C

1. Click New Source in the New Project Wizard to add one new source to your project. 2. Select VHDL Module as the source type in the New Source dialog box. 3. Type in the file name andgate. 4. Verify that the Add to project checkbox is selected. 5. Click Next. 6. Define the ports for your VHDL source.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

In the Port Name column, type the port names on three separate rows: A, B and C.

In the Direction column, indicate whether each port is an input, output, or inout. For A and B, select in from the list. For C, select out from the list.

7. Click Next in the Define VHDL Source dialog box. 8. Click Finish in the New Source Information dialog box to complete the new source file template. 9. Click Next in the New Project Wizard. 10. Click Next again. 11. Click Finish in the New Project Information dialog box. ISE creates and displays the new project in the Sources in Project window and adds the andgate.vhd file to the project.

12. Double-click on the andgate.vhd file in the Sources in Project window to open the VHDL file in the ISE Text Editor. The andgate.vhd file contains: Header information.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Library declaration and use statements. Entity declaration for the counter and an empty architecture statement. 13. In the header section, fill in the following fields:

Design Name: andgate.vhd Project Name: andgate Target Device: xcr3128xl- TQ144 Description: This is the top level HDL file for an up/down counter. Dependencies: None Note: It is good design practice to fill in the header section in all source files. 14. Below the end process statement, enter the following line: C <= A and B; 15. Save the file by selecting File > Save. Checking the Syntax of the New Counter Module

When the source files are complete, the next step is to check the syntax of the design. Syntax errors and typos can be found using this step.

1. Select the counter design source in the ISE Sources window to display the related processes in the Processes for Source window. 2. Click the "+" next to the Synthesize-XST process to expand the hierarchy. 3. Double-click the Check Syntax process. When an ISE process completes, you will see a status indicator next to the process name. If the process completed successfully, a green check mark appears. If there were errors and the process failed, a red X appears. A yellow exclamation point means that the process completed successfully, but some warnings occurred. An orange question mark means the process is out of date and should be run again.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

4. Look in the Cons ole tab of the Transcript window and read the output and status messages produced by any process that you run. Caution! You must correct any errors found in your source files. If you continue without valid syntax, you will not be able to simulate or synthesize your design. Simulation

1. Double click Launch ModelSim Simulator in the Process View window.

2. Right Click

'a'

to open a context menu.

3. Select Force or Clock to add the signal.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

4.

Define

the

Clock

or

Force

signal

to

load

appropriate

signal

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

5. Run the simulation by clicking the Run icon in the Main or Wave window toolbar.

6. Waveform can be observed in the wave window

7. Click the

Run All icon on the Main or Wave window toolbar. The simulation continues

running until you execute a break command.

8. Click the Break icon. The simulation stops running.

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

9. To restart the simulation, click the Restart icon to reload the design elements and reset the simulation time to zero. The Restart dialog that appearsgives you options on what to retain

during the restart.

Click the Restart button in the Restart dialog.

Assigning Pin Location

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

1. Double-click the Assign Package Pins process found in the User Constraints process group. ISE runs the Synthesis and Translate steps and automatically creates a User Constraints File (UCF). You will be prompted with the following message:

2. Click Yes to add the UCF file to your project. The counter.ucf file is added to your project and is visible in the Sources in Project window. The Xilinx Constraints Editor opens automatically. 3. Now the Xilinx Pinout and Area Constraints Editor (PACE) opens. 4. You can see your I/O Pins listed in the Design Object List window. Enter a pin location for each pin in the Loc column as specified below: A: p90

B: p91 C: p53

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

5. Click on the Package View tab at the bottom of the window to see the pins you just added. Put your mouse over grid number to verify thepin assignment.

5. Select File _ Save. You are prompted to select the bus delimiter type based on the synthesis tool you are using. Select XST Default <> and click OK. 6. Close PACE.

Creating Configuration Data The final phase in the software flow is to generate a program file and configure the device. Generating a Program File The Program File is a encoded file that is the equivalent of the design in a form that can be downloaded into the CPLD device. 1. Double Click the Generate Programming File process located near the bottom of the Processes for Source window. The Program File is created. It is written into a file called

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

andgate.jed

This

is

the

actual

configuration

data.

Configuring the Device iMPACT is used to configure your FPGA or CPLD device. This is the last step in the design process. This section provides simple instructions for configuring a Spartan-3 xc3s200 device connected to your PC. Note: Your board must be connected to your PC before proceeding. If the device on your board does not matchthe device assigned to the project, you will get errors. Please refer to the iMPACT Help for more information. To access the help, select Help > Help Topics.

To configure the device:

1. Click the "+" sign to expand the Generate Programming File processes. 2. Double-click the Configure Device (iMPACT) process. iMPACT opens and the Configure Devices dialog box is displayed.

3. In the Configure Devices dialog box, verify that Boundary-Scan Mode is selected and click Next. 4. Verify that Automatically connect to cable and identify Boundary-Scan chain is selected and click

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Finish. 5. If you get a message saying that there was one device found, click OK to continue. 6. The iMPACT will now show the detected device, right click the device and select New Configuration File. 7. The Assign New Configuration File dialog box appears. Assign a configuration file to each device in the JTAG chain. Select the andgate.jed file and click Open. 8. Right-click on the counter device image, and select Program... to open the Program Options dialog box. 9. Click OK to program the device. ISE programs the device and displays Programming Succeeded if the operation was successful. 10. Close iMPACT without saving.

VHDL CODE FOR FULL AADDER DATAA FLOW:

Full Adder

A B C Ci S Co

0 0 0 0 0

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

EXXPRESSIONS: 0 0 1 1 0

0 1 0 1 0 B Ci S= =A 0 1 1 0 1 B)Ci + AB CO O = (A 1 0 0 1 0

1 0 1 0 1

1 1 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 1

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Libraary IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity fa1 is Port ( a,b,ci : in STD_LOGIC; s,,co : out STD_LOGIC); end fa1; architecture Behavioral of fa1 is begin s<=a xor b xor ci; co<=(a and b)or (b and ci)or (ci and a); end Behavioral;

VHDL CODE FOR FULL ADDER BEHAVIORAL: : libraary IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity fa1 is Port ( a,b,ci : in STD_LOGIC; s,,co : out STDD_LOGIC); end fa1; archhitecture Behavioral of fa1 is begin

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

process(a,b,ci) begin s<=a xor b xor ci; co<=(a and b)or (b and ci)or (ci and a); end process; end Behavioral;

VHDL CODE FOR FULL ADDER STRUCTURAL:

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity fa1 is Port ( a,b,cin : in STD_LOGIC; s,cout : out STD_LOGIC); end fa1; architecture struct of fa1 is component and21 port(a,b:in std_logic; c:out std_logic); end component; component xor21 port(a,b:in std_logic; ---components, entity and architecture ---components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately

--- must be declared separately c:out std_logic); end component; component or31 port(a,b:in std_logic; d:out std_logic); ---components, entity and architecture

--- must be declared separately

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

end component; signal s1,s2,s3:std_logic; begin u1:xor21 port map(a,b,s1); u2:xor21 port map(s1,cin,s); u3:and21 port map(a,b,s2); u4:and21 port map(s1,cin,s3); u6:or31 port map(s2,s3,cout); end struct;

VHDL CODE FOR MULTIPLEXER (8:1):

INPUTS

SELECTLINES

O/P

d(7) d(6) d(5) d(4) d(3) d(2) d(1) d(0) s(2) s(1) s(0) f XX X X X X X 0 0 0 0 0 X X X X X X X 1 0 0 0 1 X X X X X X 0 X 0 0 1 0 X X X X X X 1 X 0 0 1 1 X X X X X 0 X X 0 1 0 0 X X X X X 1 X X 0 1 0 1 X X X X 0 X X X 0 1 1 0 X X X X 1 X X X 0 1 1 1 X X X 0 X X X X 1 0 0 0 X X X 1 X X X X 1 0 0 1 X X 0 X X X X X 1 0 1 0 X X 1 X X X X X 1 0 1 1 X 0 X X X X X X 1 1 0 0 X 1 X X X X X X 1 1 0 1

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

0 X X X X X X X 1 1 1 0 1 X X X X X X X 1 1 1 1

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity mux1 is Port ( d : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0); s : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (2 downto 0); f : out STD_LOGIC); end mux1; architecture Behavioral of mux1 is begin f<= d(0) when s="000" else d(1) when s="001" else d(2) when s="010" else d(3) when s="011" else d(4) when s="100" else d(5) when s="101" else d(6) when s="110" else d(7) when s="111"; end Behavioral;

VHDL CODE FOR Demultiplexer (1:8):

SELECT LINES I/P s(2) s(1) s(0) f d(7) d(6) d(5) d(4) d(3) d(2) d(1) d(0)

OUTPUT

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

0 0 0 0 X X X X X X X 0 0 0 0 1 X X X X X X X 1 0 0 1 0 X X X X X X 0 X 0 0 1 1 X X X X X X 1 X 0 1 0 0 X X X X X 0 X X 0 1 0 1 X X X X X 1 X X 0 1 1 0 X X X X 0 X X X 0 1 1 1 X X X X 1 X X X 1 0 0 0 X X X 0 X X X X 1 0 0 1 X X X 1 X X X X 1 0 1 0 X X 0 X X X X X 1 0 1 1 X X 1 X X X X X 1 1 0 0 X 0 X X X X X X 1 1 0 1 X 1 X X X X X X 1 1 1 0 0 X X X X X X X 1 1 1 1 1 X X X X X X X

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;

entity dmux is port(f:in std_logic; s:in std_logic_vector(2 downto 0); y:out std_logic_vector(7 downto 0)); end demux;

architectural behavioral of dmux is begin

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

y(0)<=f when s="000"else'0'; y(1)<=f when s="001"else'0'; y(2)<=f when s="010"else'0'; y(3)<=f when s="011"else'0'; y(4)<=f when s="100"else'0'; y(5)<=f when s="101"else'0'; y(6)<=f when s="110"else'0'; y(7)<=f when s="111"else'0'; end behavioral;

VHDL CODE FOR ENCODER WITHOUT PRIORITY (8:3):

SELECT LINES OUTPUT s(2) s(1) s(0) y(7) y(6) y(5) y(4) y(3) Y(2) y(1) y(0)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity enco is Port ( i : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0);

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

y : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (2 downto 0)); end enco; architecture Behavioral of enco is begin with i select y<="000" when "00000001", "001" when "00000010", "010" when "00000100", "011" when "00001000", "100" when "00010000", "101" when "00100000", "110" when "01000000", "111" when others; end Behavioral;

VHDL CODE FOR ENCODER WITH PRIORITY (8:3):

SELECT LINES OUTPUT s(2) s(1) s(0) y(7) y(6) y(5) y(4) y(3) y(2) y(1) y(0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0- 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 X X X X X X X X

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity enco1 is Port ( i : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0); y : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (2 downto 0)); end enco1; architecture Behavioral of enco1 is begin with i select y<="000" when "00000111", "001" when "00000110", "010" when "00000101", "011" when "00000100", "100" when "00000011", "101" when "00000010", "110" when "00000001", "111" when others; end Behavioral;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Department of E & C, SSIT, Tumkur. Page 18

VHDL Lab Manual 7. VHDL CODE FOR 3:8 DECODER:

SELECT LINES OUTPUT s(2) s(1) s(0) y(7) y(6) y(5) y(4) y(3) y(2) y(1) y(0)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 X X X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity dec1 is Port ( s : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (2 downto 0); y : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (7 downto 0)); end dec1;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

architecture Behavioral of dec1 is begin with sel select y<="00000001" when "000", "00000010" when "001", "00000100" when "010", "00001000" when "011", "00010000" when "100", "00100000" when "101", "01000000" when "110", "10000000" when "111", "00000000" when others; end Behavioral;

Department of E & C, SSIT, Tumkur. Page 19

VHDL Lab Manual 8. VHDL CODE FOR 2-bit comparator:

A1 A0 B1 B0 Y1 (A > B) Y2 (A = B) Y3 (A < B) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity comp is Port ( a,b : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (1 downto 0); y : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (2 downto 0)); end comp; architecture Behavioral of comp is begin y<= "100" when a>b else "001" when a<b else "010" when a=b; end Behavioral;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

VHDL CODE FOR Binary to gray (USING EXOR GATES):

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: G(0)=B(0) B(1) G(1)=B(1) B(2) G(2)=B(2) B(3) G(3)=B(3)

EXPRESSIONS:

Inputs Outputs B (3) B (2) B (1) B (0) G (3) G (2) G (1) G (0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0

library IEEE;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity Binary_Gray is port( b: in std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); g: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0)); end binary_gray; architecture behavioral of Binary_gray is begin b(3)<= g(3); b(2)<= g(3) xor g(2); b(1)<= g(2) xor g(1); b(0)<= g(1) xor g(0); end behavioral; --Binary Input --Gray Output

VHDL CODE FOR GRAY TO BINARY:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

EXPRESSIONS:

B(0)=G(0) G(1) G(2) G(3) B(1)=G(1) G(2) G(3) B(2)=G(2) G(3) B(1)=G(3)

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

INPUT OUTPUT G(3) G(2) G(1) G(0) B (3) B (2) B (1) B (0) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity gb1 is Port ( g : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (3 downto 0); b : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (3 downto 0)); end gb1; architecture Behavioral of gb1 is begin b(3)<= g(3);

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

b(2)<= g(3) xor g(2); b(1)<= g(3) xor g(2) xor g(1); b(0)<= g(3) xor g(2) xor g(1) xor g(0); end behavioral;

Department of E & C, SSIT, Tumkur. Page 22

VHDL CODE FOR JK FLIP FLOP WITH ASYNCHRONOUS RESET: Flip-Flop)

(Master Slave JK

Reset J K Clock Qn+1 Status Qn + 1 1 X X X 0 1 Reset 0 0 0 Qn No Change Qn 0 0 1 0 1 Reset 0 1 0 1 0 Set 0 1 1 Qn Toggle

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Qn

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity jkff1 is Port ( j,k,clk,reset : in STD_LOGIC; Q : inout STD_LOGIC); end jkff1; architecture Behavioral of jkff1 is signal div:std_logic_vector(22 downto 0); signal clkd:std_logic; begin process(clk) begin if rising_edge(clk)then div<= div+1; end if; end process; clkd<=div(22); process(clkd,reset) begin if(reset='1')then Q<= '0'; elsif(clkd'event and clkd='1')then if(j='0' and k ='0')then Q<= Q; elsif(j='0' and k='1')then Q<= '0'; elsif(j='1' and k='0')then

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Q<= '1'; elsif(j='1' and k='1')then Q<= not Q; end if; end if; end process; end Behavioral;

VHDL CODE FOR T FLIP FLOP:

+ Qn 1 Clear T Clock Qn+1 Qn 1 00 0

Qn 0 1 Qn

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity tff is

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Port ( t,clk,rst : in STD_LOGIC; q : inout STD_LOGIC); end tff; architecture Behavioral of tff is signal div:std_logic_vector(22 downto 0); signal clkd:std_logic; begin process(clk) begin if rising_edge(clk)then div<= div+1; end if; end process; clkd<=div(20); process(clkd,rst) begin if(rst='1')then q<='0'; elsif (clkd'event and clkd='1' and t='1') then q<= not q; else q<=q; end if; end process; end Behavioral;

VHDL CODE FOR D FLIP FLOP:

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Qn 1 Clear D Clock Qn+1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity dff is Port ( d,res,clk : in STD_LOGIC; q : out STD_LOGIC); end dff; architecture Behavioral of dff is begin process(clk) begin if (res ='1')then q<='0'; elsif clk'event and clk='1' then q<=d; end if; end process; end Behavioral;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

ASYNCHRON NOUS BINARRY UP COUNTER:

3-bit t Asynchrono ous up countter Cloock QC QB Q QA 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 3

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

3 0 1 1 1 4 4 1 0 0 0 5 5 1 0 1 1

6 6 1 1 0 0 7 7 1 1 1 1 8 8 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 1 1

libraary IEEE;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity asybin1 is Port ( rs,clk : in STD_LOGIC; q : inout STD__LOGIC_VECTOR (3 downto 0)); end asybin1; architecture Behavioral of asybin1 is signal div:std_logic_vector(22 downto 0); signal temp:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (3 downto 0); signal clkd:std_logic; begin process(clk) begin if rising_edge(clk)then div<= div+1; end if; end process; clkd<=div(22); proccess(clkd,rs) begin if(rs='1'))then temp<=(others=>'00'); --for down counnter temp=>"1111"; elsif(clkdd='1' and clkd'event) then temp<=t temp+1; --for down counter temp<= temp-1; q<= temp;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

end if; end process; end Behavioral;

SYNCHRONOOUS BINARYY UP COUNTER:

3-bit t Asynchronous up counter Clock QC QB QAA 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 1 0 0 3 3 0 1 1

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

1 4 4 1 0 0 0 5 5 1 0 1 1 6 6 1 1 0 0 7 7 1 1 1 1 8 8 0 0 0 0 9 9 0 0 1 1

libraary IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

entity synbicount is Port ( rs,clk : in STD_LOGIC; q : inout STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (3 down to 0)); end synbicount; architecture Behavioral of synbicount is signal div:std_logic_vector(22 downto 0); signal temp:STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (3 downto 0); signal clkd:std_logic; begiin process(clk) begin if rising edge(clk)then div<= div+1; end if; end process; clkd<=div(22); process(clkd) begin if(clkd='1' and clkd'event) then if(rs='1'))then temp<=(others=>'00'); ---for down counter temp<="11111" else temp<=temp+1; temp<= temp-1; end if; q<= temp; end if; end process; end Behavioral; ---for do own counter

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

BCD UP COUNTER:

Clock QD QC QB QA 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 1 1 4 0 1 0 0 5 0 1 0 1 6 0 1 1 0 7 0 1 1 1 8 1 0 0 0 9 1 0 0 1 10 0 0 0 0

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity bcdupcount is Port ( clk,rst : in STD_LOGIC; q : inout STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (3 downto 0)); end bcdupcount; architecture Behavioral of bcdupcount is signal div:std_logic_vector(22 downto 0);

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

signal clkd:std_logic; begin process(clkd) begin if rising_edge(clk)then div<= div+1; end if; end process; clkd<=div(22); process(clkd,rst) begin if rst='0' or q="1010" then q<="0000"; elsif clkd'event and clkd='1' then q<=q+1; end if; end process; q<=q; end Behavioral;

BCD DOWN COUNTER:

Clock QD QC QB QA 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

2 0 1 1 1 3 0 1 1 0 4 0 1 0 1 5 0 1 0 0 6 0 0 1 1 7 0 0 1 0 8 0 0 0 1 9 0 0 0 0

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity bcddowncounter1 is Port ( clk,rst : in STD_LOGIC; q : inout STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (3 downto 0)); end bcddowncounter1; architecture Behavioral of bcddowncounter1 is signal div:std_logic_vector(22 downto 0); signal clkd:std_logic; begin process(clkd) begin if rising_edge(clk)then div<= div+1; end if; end process; clkd<=div(22); process(clkd,rst) begin

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

if rst='0' or q="1111" then q<="1001"; elsif clkd'event and clkd='1' then q<=q-1; end if; end process; q<=q; end Behavioral;

VHDL CODE FOR DC MOTOR INTERFACE

Library ieee; Use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; Use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all; Use ieee.std_logic_arith.all; Entity dcmotor is Port (start,dir,clk:in std_logic; pwm_out:out std_logic; out_dc:out std_logic_vector(1 downto 0)); end dcmotor; architecture dcmotor_a of dcmotor is signal clk1:std_logic; signal div:std_logic_vector (24 downto 0); begin process (clk,start)

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

begin if(start='0') then div<="0000000000000000000000000"; elsif(clk' event and clk='1')then div<=div+1; end if; clk1<=div(19); end process; process(clk1) begin if(clk1'event and clk='1')then if start='0' then out_dc<="00"; elsif start='1' and dir='1' then out_dc<="10"; pwm_out<='1'; elsif start='1' and dir='0' then out_dc<="01"; pwm_out<='1'; end if; end if; end process; end dcmotor_a;

PIN ASSIGNMENT XC3128TQ144 XC2S100TQ144-5 Connector Device pin Property Connector Device pin Property 128 Clk 18 Clk

P 18/6 6 Dir P 18/6 44 Dir P 18/13 14 Out_dc(0) P 18/13 54 Out_dc(0) P 18/14 15 Out_dc(1) P 18/14 56 Out_dc(1)

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

P 18/11 11 Pwm_out P 18/11 50 Pwm_out P 18/5 5 Start P 18/5 43 Start

VHDL CODE FOR STEPPER MOTOR INTERFACE

Library ieee; lk<=dic(15); Use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; process(lk,rst,clkwise) Use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all; begin Use ieee.std_logic_arith.all; if(rst='1')then entity stm_st is state<=s0; port (clk:in std_logic; rst:in std_logic; elsif lk'event and lk='1' then out_stm:out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0)); if clkwise='0' then end stm_st; case state is architecture stm_st_a of stm_st is when s0=>state<=s1; type state_type is (s0,s1,s2,s3); when s1=>state<=s2; signal state:state_type; when s2=>state<=s3; signal div:st_logic_vector(20 downto 0); when s3=>state<=s0; signal lk,clkwise,start:std_logic;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

when others=>null; begin end case process(clk,rst) end if; begin end if; if (rst='0') then end process; div<=(others=>'0'); with state select elsif(clk'event and clk='1') then out_stm<="0110" when s0, div<=div+1; "1010" when s1, "1001" when s2, end if; "0101" when s3; end process; End stm_st_a;

PIN ASSIGNMENT

XC3128TQ144 XC2S100TQ144-5 Connector Device pin Property Connector Device pin Property 128 Clk 18 Clk

P 14/1 88 Dir P 18/5 43 Dir

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

P 15/1 132 Out_stm(0) P 18/21 62 Out_stm(0) P 15/2 131 Out_stm(1) P 18/22 65 Out_stm(1) P 15/3 121 Out_stm(2) P 18/19 60 Out_stm(2) P 15/4 120 Out_stm(3) P 18/20 64 Out_stm(3) 125 Rst 86 Rst

VHDL CODE FOR SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY INTERFACE

Library ieee; Use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; Use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all; Use ieee.std_logic_arith.all; Entity mux_disp is Port (clk:in std_logic ---4mhz

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Rst: in std_logic; seg: out std_logic_vector(6 downto 0) base: out std_logic_vector(3 downto 0)); end mux_disp; architecture mux_disp_arch of mux_disp is signal count : std_logic_vector(25 downto 0); signal base_cnt: std_logic_vector(1 downto 0); signal seg_cnt: std_logic_vector(3 downto 0); begin process(clk,rst) begin if rst = '1' then count<=(others=>'0'); elsif clk='1' and clk'event then count<= + '1'; end if; end process; base_cnt<=count(12 downto11); seg_cnt<=count(25 downto 22); Base<= "1110" when base_cnt="00" else "1101" when base_cnt="01" else "1011" when base_cnt="10" else "0111" when base_cnt="11" else "1111"; Seg<= "0111111" when seg_cnt="0000" else ---1 ---2 ---3 ---4 ---0

"0000110" when seg_cnt="0001" else "1011011" when seg_cnt="0010" else "1001111" when seg_cnt="0011" else "1100110" when seg_cnt="0100" else

"1101101" when seg_cnt="0101" else ---5

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

"1111101" when seg_cnt="0110" else "0000111" when seg_cnt="0111" else "1111111" when seg_cnt="1000" else "1100111" when seg_cnt="1001" else "1110111" when seg_cnt="1010" else

---6 ---7 ---8 ---9 ---A

"1111100" when seg_cnt="1011" else ---B "0111001" when seg_cnt="1100" else "1011110" when seg_cnt="1101" else "1111001" when seg_cnt="1110" else "1110001" when seg_cnt="0000" else "0000000"; End mux_disp_arch; Department of E & C, SSIT, Tumkur. Page 32 ---C ---D ---E ---F

VHDL CODE FOR RELAY INTERFACE

Library ieee; Use ieee.std_logic_1164.all; Use ieee.std_logic_unsigned.all; Use ieee.std_logic_arith.all; Entity relay is Port (sw : in std_logic; Rl1,led : out std_logic); End realy; Architecture behavioral of relay is Begin Rl1 <= ws; Led <= sw; End behavioral;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

PIN ASSIGNMENT XC3128TQ144 XC2S100TQ144-5 Connector Device pin Property Connector Device pin Property P 18/3 41 Sw P 18/3 1 Sw P 18/5 43 Rl1 P 18/5 5 Rl1 P 18/21 62 Led P 18/21 23 Led

VHDL CODE FOR MULTIPLEXER (4:1)(STRUCTURAL):

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity mux is Port ( i0,i1,i2,i3,s0,s1 : in STD_LOGIC; y : out STD_LOGIC); end mux; architecture struct of mux is component and1 ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately

port (l,m,u:in std_logic;n:out std_logic); end component; component or1

----components, entity and architecture

port (o,p,x,y:in std_logic;q:out std_logic); --- must be declared separately end component; component not1 port (r:in std_logic;s:out std_logic); end component; signal s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7:std_logic; begin u1:and1 port map(i0,s2,s3,s4); u2:and1 port map(i1,s2,s1,s5); u3:and1 port map(i2,s0,s3,s6); u4:and1 port map(i3,s0,s1,s7); u5:not1 port map(s0,s2); u6:not1 port map(s1,s3); u7:or1 port map(s4,s5,s6,s7,y); end struct; ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

VHDL CODE FOR BINARY Y TO GRAY ( Structural):

library IE EEE; use IEEE E.STD_LOGIC C_1164.ALL; use IEEE E.STD_LOGIC C_ARITH.ALL; ; use IEEE E.STD_LOGIC C_UNSIGNED .ALL; entity bg is Port ( b : in STD_LOGIC_ _VECTOR (3 d downto 0); g : out STD_ _LOGIC_VECT TOR (3 down nto 0)); end bg;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

architec cture struct o of bg is component xor1 port(a, b:in std_logi ic; ----comp

ponents, ent tity and arch itecture c:out std_log gic);

--- must t be declared d separately end compon nent; component and1 port(d ,e:in std_log gic; ----comp ponents, ent tity and arch itecture

--- must f:out std_log gic); t be declared d separately

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

end compon nent; begin u1:and1 por rt map(b(3),b b(3),g(3)); u2:xor1 port t map(b(3),b b(2),g(2)); u3:xor1 port t map(b(2),b b(1),g(1)); u4:xor1 port t map(b(1),b b(0),g(0)); end stru uct;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

VHDL CODE FOR GRAY T TO BINARY ( Structural):

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD D_LOGIC_11 64.ALL; use IEEE.STD D_LOGIC_AR RITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD D_LOGIC_UN NSIGNED.ALL L; enti ty gb is Port t ( g : in STD_ _LOGIC_VEC CTOR (3 dow nto 0); b:o out STD_LOG

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

GIC_VECTOR R (3 downto 0 0)); end gb; architecture e struct of gb b is ----compone com mponent xor1 1 port(a,b:in std_logic; ents, entity a and architect ture c:ou ut std_logic);

--- must be d declared sep parately end component ; com mponent and 1 port(d,e:in n std_logic; ----compone

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

ents, entity a and architect ture

--- must be d f:ou t std_logic); declared sep parately end component ; com mponent xor1 12 port(g,h,i: :in std_logic; ; ----compon ents, entity and architec cture

--- must be d k:ou ut std_logic); ; declared sep parately end component ;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

com mponent xor1 13 port(l,m,n n,o:in std_log gic; ----comp ponents, enti ty and archit tecture p:ou ut std_logic); ; --- must be d declared sep parately end component ; begin u1:and1 por rt map(g(3),g g(3),b(3)); u2:xor1 port t map(g(3),g (2),b(2)); u3:xor12 po ort map(g(3), g(2),g(1),b(1 1)); u4:xor13 po ort map(g(3), g(2),g(1),g(0

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

0),b(0)); end struct;

Departm ment of E & C, SSIT, Tumku ur. Page 36

VHDL CODE FOR DECODER (Structural):

Y (0 ) Y (1 ) Y (2 ) Y (3 )

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity dec is Port ( a,b : in STD_LOGIC; y: out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (3 downto 0)); end dec; architecture Behavioral of dec is component and1 is ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately

port(p,q:in std_logic;r:out std_logic); end component; component not1 is ----components, entity and architecture port (d:in std_logic;e:out std_logic); end component; signal s1,s2:std_logic; begin u1:and1 port map(s1,s2,y(0)); u2:and1 port map(s1,b,y(1)); u3:and1 port map(a,s2,y(2)); u4:and1 port map (a,b,y(3)); u5:not1 port map(a,s1); u6:not1 port map(b,s2); end Behavioral;

--- must be declared separately

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

Department of E & C, SSIT, Tumkur. Page 37

VHDL Lab Manual 26. VHDL CODE FOR D FLIP FLOP (Structural):

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity dff1 is Port ( d,clk,pr,clr : in STD_LOGIC; q,qn : inout STD_LOGIC); end dff1; architecture struct of dff1 is component clkdiv is ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately

port(clk:in std_logic;clk_d:out std_logic); end component; component nand1 is port(a,b,c:in std_logic; d:out std_logic); end component; component nand12 is port(x,y:in std_logic; z:out std_logic); end component;

----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately

----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

component nand13 is port(e:in std_logic; f:out std_logic); end component; signal s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7,s8,s9:std_logic; begin u10:clkdiv port map(clk,s7); u1:nand1 port map(d,s7,qn,s1); u2:nand1 port map(s9,s7,q,s2); u3:nand1 port map(pr,s1,s4,s3); u4:nand1 port map(s2,clr,s3,s4); u5:nand12 port map(s3,s8,s5); u6:nand12 port map(s8,s4,s6); u7:nand12 port map(s5,qn,q); u8:nand12 port map(s6,q,qn); u9:nand13 port map(s7,s8); u11:nand13 port map(d,s9); end struct; ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately

Department of E & C, SSIT, Tumkur. Page 38

VHDL Lab Manual 27. VHDL CODE FOR JK FLIP FLOP (Structural):

library IEEE;

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity jkff is Port ( j,k,clk,pr,clr : in STD_LOGIC; q,qn : inout STD_LOGIC); end jkff; architecture struct of jkff is component clkdiv is ----components, entity and architecture

port(clk:in std_logic;clk_d:out std_logic); --- must be declared separately end component; component nand1 is port(a,b,c:in std_logic; d:out std_logic); end component; component nand12 is port(x,y:in std_logic; z:out std_logic); end component; component nand13 is port(e:in std_logic; f:out std_logic); end component; signal s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7,s8:std_logic; begin u10:clkdiv port map(clk,s7); u1:nand1 port map(j,qn,s7,s1); u2:nand1 port map(k,s7,q,s2); u3:nand1 port map(pr,s1,s4,s3); u4:nand1 port map(s2,clr,s3,s4); u5:nand12 port map(s3,s8,s5); ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

u6:nand12 port map(s8,s4,s6); u7:nand12 port map(s5,qn,q); u8:nand12 port map(s6,q,qn); u9:nand13 port map(s7,s8); end struct;

VHDL CODE FOR T FLIP FLOP (Structural):

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity tff1 is Port ( t,clk,pr,clr : in STD_LOGIC; q,qn : inout STD_LOGIC); end tff1; architecture struct of tff1 is component clkdiv is ----components, entity and architecture

port(clk:in std_logic;clk_d:out std_logic); --- must be declared separately end component; component nand1 is port(a,b,c:in std_logic; d:out std_logic); end component; component nand12 is port(x,y:in std_logic; z:out std_logic); end component; ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

component nand13 is port(e:in std_logic; f:out std_logic); end component; signal s1,s2,s3,s4,s5,s6,s7,s8:std_logic; begin u10:clkdiv port map(clk,s7); u1:nand1 port map(t,qn,s7,s1); u2:nand1 port map(t,s7,q,s2); u3:nand1 port map(pr,s1,s4,s3); u4:nand1 port map(s2,clr,s3,s4); u5:nand12 port map(s3,s8,s5); u6:nand12 port map(s8,s4,s6); u7:nand12 port map(s5,qn,q); u8:nand12 port map(s6,q,qn); u9:nand13 port map(s7,s8); end struct; ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately

Department of E & C, SSIT, Tumkur. Page 40

1 BIT COMPARATOR (structural): Y2 Y3 A B Y1 (A>B) (A = B) (A < B)

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0

library IEEE; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_ARITH.ALL; use IEEE.STD_LOGIC_UNSIGNED.ALL; entity comp is Port ( a,b : in STD_LOGIC; y : out STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (2 downto 0)); end comp; architecture struct of comp is component and1 port(l,m:in std_logic; n:out std_logic); end component; component xnor1 is port(p,q:in std_logic; r:out std_logic); end component; component notgate1 is port(s:in std_logic; t:out std_logic); end component; signal s1,s2:std_logic; begin u1:and1 port map(a,s2,y(0)); u2:and1 port map(s1,b,y(1)); u3:xnor1 port map(a,b,y(2)); ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately ----components, entity and architecture --- must be declared separately

www.jntuworld.com

www.jntuworld.com

www.jwjobs.net

u4:notgate1 port map(a,s1); u5:notgate1 port map(b,s2); end struct;

www.jntuworld.com