ComposeIT

Strength Analysis of composite laminates for the yachting industry

User guide

November 2012 DEV/UG/ComposeIT/rev 7

MARINE DIVISION DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT 67/71 Boulevard Du Chteau 92571 Neuilly-sur-Seine : + 33 (0)1 55 24 74 60 : + 33 (0)1 55 24 70 27 : marine.software@bureauveritas.com

ComposeIT user guide

Chapter 1: GENERAL COMMENTS .......................................................................................3 1.1 Software purpose .................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Rules applied .......................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Axis systems ........................................................................................................... 3 1.3.1 Global Axis System .......................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Local Axis System ............................................................................................ 4 Chapter 2: DATA INPUT ........................................................................................................5 1.1 Ship Data ................................................................................................................ 5 1.2 Individual Layer Data............................................................................................... 6 1.2.1 Adding an individual layer ................................................................................ 6 1.2.2 Individual layer Form for Unidirectional, Woven Roving, Mat ............................ 6 1.2.3 Individual layer Form for User Defined Layer ................................................... 7 1.2.4 Deleting, duplicating an individual layer ............................................................ 8 1.3 Laminate Data ......................................................................................................... 9 1.3.1 Adding a laminate ............................................................................................ 9 1.3.2 Laminate input form: Global presentation ......................................................... 9 1.3.3 Selecting an layer............................................................................................10 1.3.4 Defining a new layer ........................................................................................10 1.3.5 Laminate input form: Other functionalities .......................................................12 1.3.6 Deleting, Duplicating a Laminate ....................................................................12 1.4 Plate Data ..............................................................................................................13 1.4.1 Adding a Plate .................................................................................................13 1.4.2 Plate General Data..........................................................................................13 1.4.3 Plate loaded with Pressures ............................................................................14 1.4.4 Plate loaded with Forces .................................................................................14 1.4.5 Plate loaded with Deformations .......................................................................14 1.4.6 Deleting, Duplicating a Plate ...........................................................................15 1.5 Stiffener Data .........................................................................................................15 1.5.1 Adding a Stiffener............................................................................................15 1.5.2 Stiffener General Data.....................................................................................16 1.5.3 Stiffener loaded with Pressures .......................................................................18 1.5.4 Stiffener loaded by Forces ..............................................................................18 1.5.5 Stiffener loaded by Deformation ......................................................................19 1.5.6 Deleting, Duplicating a Stiffener ......................................................................19 Chapter 3: RESULTS DISPLAY ...........................................................................................20 1.1 Global Laminate Parameters ..................................................................................20 1.2 Laminate results by load ........................................................................................21 1.2.1 Key concepts ..................................................................................................21 1.2.2 Calculation point..............................................................................................22 1.2.3 Calculation status ............................................................................................22 1.2.4 In-plane criterias: 1, 2, 12, Tsa Wu ...........................................................23 1.2.5 Interlaminar criterias: IL1, IL2 ......................................................................24 1.3 Laminate results summarized for all loads..............................................................25 1.4 Plate Results ..........................................................................................................26 1.4.1 Computing a plate ...........................................................................................26 1.4.2 Plate under external loading ............................................................................26 1.4.3 Plate Buckling Check ......................................................................................28 1.5 Stiffener Results .....................................................................................................29 1.5.1 Computing a stiffener ......................................................................................29 1.5.2 Stiffener under external loading .......................................................................29 1.6 Report Display and Printing ....................................................................................30 1.6.1 Print Commands .............................................................................................30 1.6.2 Report Browser ...............................................................................................31 Chapter 4: INTEROPERABILITY WITH SteelWin SOFTWARE............................................32 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................32 1.2 General Calculation Process ..................................................................................32

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Chapter 1: GENERAL COMMENTS 1.1 Software purpose

ComposeIT is a software developed by Bureau Veritas which allows the detailed strength analysis of composite panels or stiffeners for yachting industry. ComposeIT provides an user interface to define Individual layers, laminates, plates, stiffeners, and loads on these structural elements. Composite then checks that criteria required by the rules are met, layer by layer.

1.2

Rules applied

ComposeIT is written according to: Rules for the classification and the certification of yachts, March 2012 BV Reference: NR 500 DT R01 E Hull in Composite Materials and Plywood, Material Approval, Design Principles, Construction and Survey, March 2012 BV Reference: NR 546 DT R00 E

Important Warning: The software ComposeIT is only dedicated for the analysis of composite structure for YACHTS. The safety coefficient introduced in this software may not be used other ship types than YACHTS.

1.3

Axis systems
1.3.1 Global Axis System

For each laminate, plate or stiffener, ComposeIT uses a global axis system {x, y, z} Laminates / plates Each laminate or plate taken individually is supposed to lay in {x , y } plane.( exception : web of a stiffener) {x} is an arbitrary chosen axis. It is referred as laminates global axis. Usually {x} axis is taken as the ship longitudinal axis {x} is the reference axis to define the orientation of each individual layer inside the laminate. See figure (1)

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Stiffener {x} is taken as the stiffener axis .

1.3.2 Local Axis System

For each layer of a laminate, ComposeIT use a local axis system {1, 2, 3}. These local axis systems are defined by the rules, depending of individual layer type. For unidirectional, see NR546, Sec 5, [3.1.1] For woven roving, see NR546, Sec 5, [3.2.1] The orientation between each individual layers local axis and laminates global axis is defined in figure (1)

Figure (1) - Orientation of individual layer

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Chapter 2: DATA INPUT

1.1

Ship Data

Name, Builder, Description, Section Number: text strings for information purpose Rule Length: ship rule length Note: Length is used when calculating dynamical amplification coefficient for panels under slamming and impact loads (see NR546, Sec 6, [5.3.2]) Fabrication Process: Default fabrication process for laminates. May be overridden for each laminate.

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1.2

Individual Layer Data

Individual Layers are parts of a catalog. There are 4 catalogs: Unidirectional, Woven Roving, Mat, and User Defined Creating an individual layer enriches the catalog of layers that will be later instantiated in a laminate.

1.2.1 Adding an individual layer

In object tree, right-click on either Unidirectional, Woven Roving, Mat, User Defined and then click Add. Corresponding input form is then shown.

1.2.2 Individual layer Form for Unidirectional, Woven Roving, Mat

Fibre, Resin: Raw materials chosen amongst those defined in NR546, Sec 4 Blue fields are input data fields. Green fields are computed fields, refreshed each time an input data is modified. Elastic coefficients are computed according to NR546, Sec 5, [3] Breaking stresses are computed according to NR546, Sec 5, [5.1.1] Bureau Veritas
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1.2.3 Individual layer Form for User Defined Layer

Choosing user Defined type, user is able to enter manually all coefficients, all breaking stresses of an individual layer. This possibility allows simulating behaviour of layers made with materials still not mentioned by the rules. Only actual value will be computed for such layers, as knowing rule value requires real experimentations in laboratories.

Layer Type: Reinforcement Fabric or Core This parameter has following influence: - if core is chosen , Sig1, Sig2, Tau12 stresses will be computed at top and bottom of each layer .If reinforcement fabric is chosen stresses will be computed at middle. - If core is chosen, laminates including this layer will be considered as Sandwich laminates. Notations: Results are given in layer local axis {1,2,3} E1,E2 : youngs moduli in direction 1,2 Nu12, Nu21: Poissons coefficients G12,G12,G13: shear moduli Sig1 T: tensile breaking stress in the direction 1 (main direction) of the layer. Sig2 T: tensile breaking stress in the direction 2 of the layer. Sig1 C :compressive breaking stress in the direction 1 Sig2 C :compressive breaking stress in the direction 2 Tau12 : in-plane breaking stress TauIL1,TauIL2 : interlaminar breaking stresses in direction 1 and 2
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1.2.4 Deleting, duplicating an individual layer

In object tree, right-click on an existing Individual layer. Delete removes the individual layer, and all the layers using it in all the laminates. Duplicate creates an exact copy of the individual layer with a different name

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1.3

Laminate Data
1.3.1 Adding a laminate

Right click on Laminate for plating or Laminate for web flange then add. Nodes Laminate for plating and Laminate for Web flange are classification nodes. Usage rules are: You can not define a plate with a laminate for web- flange You can not define a web or a flange of a stiffener laminate for plating with a

1.3.2 Laminate input form: Global presentation

Laminate layers

Layer angle Layer thickness Catalogs of individual layers Mirror Delete Layer Compute Laminate

on-the-fly definition of a new layer,

Fabrication Process: Laminate fabrication process is needed to compute safety factors as described in NR500,Pt B, Ch 7, Sec 4 [1.4.1]

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This form allows building a laminate layer by layer. Left part of the form contains tools to help user to add layers, and right part shows laminate in construction. As mentioned, layers are added under the selected line. It is thus necessary that selected line is visible on screen. Users may add layers through two ways: By selecting a layer already defined with Individual layer forms. This is the most straightforward way. By defining a new layer : This is the way to define a new layer on the fly.

1.3.3 Selecting an layer

1) Click on Unidirectional, Woven Roving Mat , or User Defined radio button to select a catalog and make appear available corresponding layers. 2) Click then on a layer to instantiate this layer in the laminate with an angle (a small dialog box allow you to enter angle)

1.3.4 Defining a new layer

1) Choose a Type:

Select Unidirectional, Woven Roving or Mat, to create a new individual layer. This individual layer will be added to the laminate and also to the corresponding individual layer catalog. Select Core to create a core material layer. Created layer wont be added to any catalog. There is no catalog of users created Core material. Select Adhesive to create an adhesive layer. Created layer wont be added to any catalog. There is no catalog of users created Adhesive material.

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2) Enter Data depending of your choice Individual Layer:

Fill data and click validate Core:

Choose a Core Family, a Core in the core family, and input thickness, then click validate. Core and Core Family are raw materials defined in NR 546, Sec 4, [4]

Adhesive:

Choose an adhesive material and a thickness, then click validate Adhesive is a resin chosen amongst available resins defined in NR 546, Sec 4, [2]

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1.3.5 Laminate input form: Other functionalities

Duplicate Layers:

User is able to duplicate last input layers (maximum 5 last layers), or duplicate any group of contiguous layers (Choose layers option) User can also duplicate any single layer by right-clicking on it. Mirror Laminate :

This function mirrors the laminate. It means existing layers are duplicated and resulting new layers are added in reverse order they have been added. Important: Last layer is not mirrored if it is an adhesive layer or a core layer. Delete Layer :

Removes the selected (yellow) layer from the laminate. User can also delete any single layer by right-clicking on it.

1.3.6 Deleting, Duplicating a Laminate

In object tree, right-click on an existing laminate. Delete removes the laminate, and all the plates and stiffeners using it Duplicate creates an exact copy of the laminate with a different name. Duplicate as laminate for web flange creates an exact copy of the laminate with a different name, and places it under Laminate for web flange node. Bureau Veritas
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1.4

Plate Data
1.4.1 Adding a Plate

Right-click on Bottom , Side, Deck or Bulkhead node then add. These nodes are for classification purpose only.

1.4.2 Plate General Data

Label: Plate label, users choice Laminate: A laminate amongst Laminates for plating Length of side along x: Plate dimension along {x} axis of chosen laminate. (See 1.3 Axis systems). Referenced as a in NR 546, Sec6, [5] ,fig. 6 Length of side along y: Plate dimension along {y} axis of chosen laminate. Referenced as b in NR 546, Sec6, [5] ,fig. 6

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Width of Omega Base along x: To be valued in case of shell plating with stiffener wide base. Referenced as Ws,x in NR 546, Sec6, [5] ,fig. 7 Width of Omega Base along y: To be valued in case of shell plating with stiffener wide base. Referenced as Ws,y in NR 546, Sec6, [5] ,fig. 7

1.4.3 Plate loaded with Pressures

Users may define four pressure loads for a plate. Four load types are also available. Load Types and plate location are not connected. It is thus possible to define a Bottom Slamming load on a Side plate. Load Type: Hydrostatic, Bottom Slamming, Side Shell Impact Load Type affects plate calculation methodology. See NR 546, Sec6, [5] and safety coefficients values NR500, Pt. B, Ch. 7, Sec 4 [1.4] P: Pressure Value, always positive.

Pressed layer of Laminate: Indicates on which side of the plate pressure is applied

1.4.4 Plate loaded with Forces

User may load a plate directly with forces. Part B, Ch 9 describes the methodology to compute forces given a pressure and a load type. But, in some cases, user may find interesting to input directly forces he computed with another methodology. 6 forces may be input to compute in-plain strains, as described in NR 546, Sec6, [3.2.1] 2 forces may be input to perform interlaminate shear analysis, as in NR 546, Sec6, [3.3.1] A load type is required to set safety coefficients.

1.4.5 Plate loaded with Deformations

User may also input directly global deformations for a plate. 3 deformations are available, on a total of 6. (See NR 546, Sec6, [3.2.1] )
0 x

: Tensile or compression strain of the middle plane of the laminate in X direction.

0 y : Tensile or compression strain of the middle plane of the laminate in Y direction. 0 xy : Shear strain of the middle plane of the laminate in X direction.

A load type is required to set safety coefficients.

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1.4.6 Deleting, Duplicating a Plate

Right-click on an existing plate: Delete removes the plate Duplicate creates an exact copy with a different name

1.5

Stiffener Data
1.5.1 Adding a Stiffener

Right-click on Bottom , Side, Deck or Bulkhead node then add. . Note1: Added stiffeners are ordinary stiffeners by default. Note2: If Deck location is chosen, reduction coefficients calculated in NR 546, Sec 7, [3.2.1] (Bending and shear check calculation) are taken equal to 1( deck ordinary stiffener case)

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1.5.2 Stiffener General Data

Label: Stiffener label, users choice Attached plating Laminate: A laminate amongst Laminates for plating Web Laminate: A laminate amongst Laminates for Web / Flange Flange Laminate: A laminate amongst Laminates for Web / Flange Type: Stiffener section Type amongst Angle, T, Flat, Omega Note: If Omega is chosen, Web laminate will be automatically mirrored to reflect that an Omega has two identical webs. User should only input one half of the total web. Web height, flange width (mm) stiffener dimensions Span, spacing: (m). these data are used to compute Moment and forces applied on a stiffener NR 546, Sec 7, [3.2.1] Attached Plating Width: (mm). This data is used to compute geometrical characteristics of a stiffener (see NR 546, Sec 7, [2]) Attached plating width may be different than spacing. See NR 546, Sec 7, [2.1.2]) End Conditions: Stiffener end conditions as described in see NR 546,Sec 7,[3.1.2] . These end conditions influence bending moment and shear force calculation for an ordinary stiffener sustaining lateral pressure. NR 546,Sec 7,[3.2.1] Note: this parameter has no influence when loading stiffener directly with forces. Bureau Veritas
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Stiffener Orientation

y
Flange

y
Attached plating

Parallel to x axis of attached plating

y
Flange

x
Attached plating

y x
Normal to x axis of attached plating

Stiffener Position: Vertical or Horizontal This data drives pressures calculation for hydrodynamic loads. When stiffener is Vertical, 2 pressures are needed, Plow and Pup, to compute Lateral pressures used in NR 546,Sec 7,[3.2.1]

Stiffener On, Web On: These data allow building a stiffener model taking into account the way Attached plating, web, and flanges are assembled. In example below, stiffener is connected to the layerN of attached plating laminate, and stiffener web is connected to Layer1 of flange laminate. This is the default configuration when creating a stiffener Input data:

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Corresponding model: LAM1 Layer 1 Layer N

Web Layer 1 SEM2RM+4UD Layer N

1.5.3 Stiffener loaded with Pressures

Users may define four loads for a stiffener. Four load types are also available. Load Types and plate location are not connected. It is thus possible to define a Bottom Slamming load on a Side stiffener. Load Type: Hydrostatic, Bottom Slamming, Side Shell Impact Load Type affects stiffener calculation methodology and safety coefficients values. See NR 546,Sec 7,[3.2.1] and NR500, Pt. B, Ch. 7, Sec 4 [1.4] P/ Pup: Pressure Value, always positive. In case of an Hydrostatic load on a vertical stiffener, this value is the pressure at the top of stiffener In case of an Hydrostatic load on a vertical stiffener, this value is the pressure at the bottom of stiffener

Plow:

Pressed layer of Attached plating: Indicates on which side of the Attached plating pressure is applied

1.5.4 Stiffener loaded by Forces

User may load a stiffener directly with forces. 3 input forces are available: -Bending moment Mx and shear force Tyz as See NR 546,Sec 7,[3.2.1] -Normal force Nx in the main axis of stiffener A load type is required to set safety coefficients

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1.5.5 Stiffener loaded by Deformation

User may load a stiffener directly with a deformation EpsX in the main axis of stiffener. Each stiffener part is submitted to the same deformation EpsX. A load type is required to set safety coefficients

1.5.6 Deleting, Duplicating a Stiffener

Right-click on an existing stiffener: Delete removes the stiffener Duplicate creates an exact copy with a different name

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Chapter 3: RESULTS DISPLAY 1.1 Global Laminate Parameters

Click on Compute Results icon in Laminate Input Form:

In the lower part of screen, a result form is then displayed:

Results displayed are obtained from NR546, Sec6, [2] In case of a sandwich Laminate, Three set of results are displayed: Global results for the whole laminate, and results for the two skins.

Note: Results for skins does not take into account adhesive layers.

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1.2

Laminate results by load

1.2.1 Key concepts

The aim of laminates calculation approach, is to determine, starting from external loads applied to a laminate, the local stresses in each individual layer in its own orthotropic axis system and to compare them with the local theoretical breaking stresses as defined , by the NR 546 Rules A laminate object in ComposeIT is never loaded directly. A plate or a stiffener object must be defined, using the laminate, in order to load the laminate and get the results. Methodology: Step 1 Description Estimation of elastic coefficients, mechanical and geometric characteristics of an individual layer in their local orthotropic axis Definition of the laminate examined:

position of all individual layers orientation of each layer in relation to the global laminate's in-plane axis

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Calculation of laminate's elastic coefficients and mechanical characteristics in laminate's global axis Estimation of all external loads applied to the laminate Calculation of the laminate's global strain in its global axis, induced by loads estimated in previous step Calculation of stresses and strains, for each individual layer, in the laminate's global axis Calculation of stresses and strains, for each individual layer, in the individual layer's local axis Estimation, for each individual layer, of the breaking criteria in their own local axis Calculation of the Safety Coefficient equal to: breaking stresses (step 8) / local stresses in local axis (step 7)

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1.2.2 Calculation point

In general, ComposeIT checks by the above methodology 6 criteria by layer: 1 (Sigma1) : local stress in {1} axis 2 (Sigma2) : local stress in {2} axis 12 (Tau12) : local stress in {1,2} plane Combined : Tsai-Wu combined stress NR500, Pt., Chap 7, Sec 4, [1.4.3] IL1 (TauIL1) : Interlaminar local stress in 1 local axis

IL2

(TauIL2) : Interlaminar local stress in 2 local axis

For a pressure load on a plate, ComposeIT checks the plate at 2 locations, named A and B .( See picture below ) The reason is that bending moments are different at these two locations.

1.2.3 Calculation status

After computing a plate or a stiffener, a calculation status is displayed in the tree. : Calculation is successful, and all criteria are met.

: Calculation is successful, but at least one criterion is not met.

: Calculation has failed. Please check your date or contact assistance. Bureau Veritas
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1.2.4 In-plane criteria: 1, 2, 12, Tsa Wu

For criteria 1, 2, 12 following values are displayed for each individual layer of the laminate An Actual value: computed as NR546, Sec6, [3.2.3] , at mid-thickness of each individual layer. A Rule value: computed as NR546, Sec5, [5.1.1] A Ratio value: computed as: rule value / actual value A Safety Factor (SF) value: computed as NR500,Pt B, Ch 7, Sec 4, [1.4.1] If Ratio is Inferior to Safety Factor, Cell is colored in red Example: 1 detailed results display for 3 layers.

For combined criterion (Tsa Wu) following values are displayed An Actual value: computed as NR546, Sec6, [1.3.3] A Safety Factor (SF) value: computed as NR500,Pt B, Ch 7, Sec 4, [1.4.3] If Actual value is inferior to Safety Factor, Cell is colored in red

Example: Tsa Wu detailed results display for 3 layers.

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1.2.5 Interlaminar criteria: IL1, IL2

following values are displayed: An Actual value: computed as NR 546, Sec 6, [3.3.2]
Note:

IL1, IL2 are also referenced as 23 and 13 in the rules

A Rule value: computed as NR546, Sec5, [5.1.1] A Ratio value: computed as: rule value / actual value A Safety Factor (SF) value: computed as NR500,Pt B, Ch 7, Sec 4, [1.4.1]

If Ratio is Inferior to Safety Factor, Cell is colored in red

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1.3

Laminate results summarized for all loads

For a laminate loaded by several loads, a synthetic view of layers resistance is available For each load and for each of the six previously defined criteria, a ratio comparable to 1 have been defined: Ratio (load) =

Safety Factor Rule value ( ) Actual value

For each criterion, and each load, if Ratio is inferior to 1, then criterion is met.

Once all Ratios are calculated for every load, a Global Ratio is defined as the maximum of these ratios for all loads

Global Ratio = Max LOADS ( Ratio(load ))

Example: 1 synthesis results display for 3 layers.

If Global Ratio is superior to 1, Cell is colored in red . Then: For Layer 1, for Load P4 (at least), Criteria 1 is not met For Layer 3, Criteria 1 is met for all loads, and Load P1 gives the most severe results.

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1.4

Plate Results
1.4.1 Computing a plate

Right-click on a Plate node and click on Analyse Plate, or use general Compute Menu.

1.4.2 Plate under external loading

Synthesis of results for all loads defined on a plate is immediately visible on the lower part of the screen.

Note : P1A stands for results computed at location A of a plate under P1 pressure load P1B stands for results computed at location B of a plate under P1 pressure load

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To view detailed results, click on Show details. A pop-up panel then appears:

Location choice

Tabs

Detailed results panels contains one tab per load All tabs may be printed through Print and Preview buttons. For pressure loads, user can select 3 sets of results: o Results at Location A o Results at Location B o Synthesis Results: this view shows for each layer, what location (A or B) is the most critical, for each criterion.

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1.4.3 Plate Buckling Check

Buckling check is performed according to NR 546, Sec 6, [4]

Note: Only Rule values are computed, and also required safety factor. ComposeIT does not compute actual value in the plate, and therefore criteria cannot be checked directly with the software

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1.5

Stiffener Results
1.5.1 Computing a stiffener

Right-click on a Plate node and click on Analyse Stiffener, or use general Compute Menu.

1.5.2 Stiffener under external loading

Synthesis Results are available for attached plating, web, and flange. Click on radio Button to select which part to display

Click on Show details to see corresponding detailed results.

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On Detailed results view, it is possible to click on another radio button to view results for other parts.

1.6

Report Display and Printing

1.6.1 Print Commands

Print Data and Print Results command are available under File Menu. They respectively trigger the creation of a data report and a result report in a PDF format.

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1.6.2 Report Browser

Selected report is automatically visible in a browser which offers some interestng functionalities: Possibility to navigate in document thanks to bookmarks (left side of the screen)

Activate Bookmarks

Possibilities to search for a word, save report under a different name, print the report.

Note: By default, report is created in a directory chosen when installing the software (Data directory), under default name ComposeIT_Report.pdf. Each time a report is created, this default report is overwritten. To keep a report, use the save Functionality of Report browser to save it under a different and meaningful name. Report Browser screenshot

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Chapter 4: INTEROPERABILITY WITH SteelWin SOFTWARE

1.1 Introduction

SteelWin calculates all deformations, local forces, moments and stresses in 3D frames modeled by beams and submitted to static loads. SteelWin Version 1.9a and after allows to perform these calculations on structures made of composite beams, and for this, SteelWin needs some physical characteristics on each beam. CompositeIT is able to compute these values, and to export them in a simple text file, which then may be imported into SteelWin software.

1.2

General Calculation Process

1/ Modelize each composite beam in Composite software 2/ Use Export to Steel functionality to export values needed by SteelWin in a text file

3/ Import this text file in SteelWin.

4/ Create 3D beam structure in SteelWin using imported composite beams. 5/ Compute Structure in SteelWin to obtain forces/deformations on each beam 6/ Report forces/deformations on each beam in Composite Software in order to perform layer analysis on each beam

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