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Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Tutorials > Wireless and RF > APP 2866 Keywords: rf, rfic, catv tuner, s parameters, impedance, conversion pad, network analyzer, tutorial, s11 Related Parts
TUTORIAL 2866
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Introduction
Cable television integrated circuits are usually designed to interface with 75 inputs and outputs, while most RF test equipment use 50 impedance. In most cases, minimum-loss pads are used to convert the input and output impedances from 75 to 50, and viceversa. Although convenient, minimum-loss pads should be avoided when measuring Sparameters.
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C lic k here for an overview of the wireles s c omponents us ed in a typic al radio trans c eiver.
This application note presents an easy way to perform S-parameter measurements by treating the input and output impedance of the cable device as 50, performing the test, and making a mathematical conversion. We provide the equations and a handy Excel spreadsheet to convert 50-referenced Sparameters back to 75.
S-Parameter to Impedance
The conversion of a 50-referenced S-parameter to 75 begins with equation 1. Both the S-parameter and input impedance are complex numbers (R + jX), where R represents the real component, and the X represents the imaginary component. ZO is usually a real impedance. For the sake of simplicity, input return loss (S11) will be considered throughout this application note.
Multiply the denominator of Eq. 3 with its complex conjugate to separate the real and imaginary components,
Impedance to S-Parameter
Once the complex input impedance is obtained, Eq. 1 is used once again to convert the impedance back to a 75-referenced S-
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Once the complex input impedance is obtained, Eq. 1 is used once again to convert the impedance back to a 75-referenced Sparameter. Eq. 8 is the same expression as Eq. 1, except ZIN is replaced with R + jX,
Multiply the denominator of Eq. 8 with its complex conjugate to separate the real and imaginary components,
Example
Excel Spreadsheet
Table 1 shows the Excel spreadsheet that allows fast conversion of 50 S-parameter data to 75.
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APP 2866: Nov 21, 2003 TUTORIAL 2866, AN2866, AN 2866, APP2866, Appnote2866, Appnote 2866
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