lui (el22284) HW-01 swinney (58535) This print-out should have 32 questions.

ns. Multiple-choice questions may continue on the next column or page nd all choices before answering. 001 10.0 points Which of the following are vectors? List all that apply, separated by commas. A B C D E F 1. 5 0 0. 7, 0. 7, 0. 6 0, 2.3, 1 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5

1 106 3 14, 0, 22

4 where c = 4, and d = 2. Which vector correctly represents the vector M + N ? 4 3 2 1 54321 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3

Correct answer: C, D, F. Explanation: Options A, B, and E are scalar quantities, so those choices are incorrect. Options C and D are clearly vectors, so they are correct choices. The only option that might be somewhat tricky is F, which gives a vector being multiplied by a scalar. But the product of such scalar multiplication is a new vector, so this choice is also correct. 002 10.0 points Consider the two vectors M = (a, b) = a + b 4 3 2 1 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 3. 1.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 correct

2.

6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4

4321 2 and

4 where a = 3, b = 4

N = (c, d) = c + d .

lui (el22284) HW-01 swinney (58535) 2 1 4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 1 9. 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

5.

4 3 2 1 21 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 6

Explanation: M + N = (a + c) + ( b + d) = [3 + (4)] + [4 + (2)] = (7) + (6) , 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 1 2 3 4 5 7 003 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points The gure shows the three dimensional vector d. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

6.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

7.

321 2 3 4 5 6 7

8.

987654321 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

What are the components of the d 1. 6, 3, 2 m 2. 6, 3, 2 m 3. 6, 3, 2 m

lui (el22284) HW-01 swinney (58535) 4. 6, 3, 2 m Explanation: Since the tail of the vector is at the origin, the components of d can be read o from the gure being careful to get the sign correct. The x-component is 6 m; the y-component is +2 m; and the z-component is +3 m. 004 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points If the tail of vector d is moved to location 3.3, 4.6, 1.6 m, where would the tip of the vector be located? 1. 6, 3, 2 m 2. 9.3, 1.6, 0.4 m 3. 3.3, 4.6, 1.6 m 4. 2.7, 7.6, 3.6 m correct Explanation: Shifting the tail of the vector to 3.3, 4.6, 1.6 m means each component of the tip of the vector will be changed by the same amount as each component of the tail was changed. Thus, the tip will be at 6 + 3.3, 3 + 4.6, 2 + 1.6 m = 2.7, 7.6, 3.6 m. 005 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points What is the length of the vector e = d? Give your answer in units of meters. Correct answer: 7 m. Explanation: We use the Pythagorean theorem: |e| = =
2 2 e2 x + ey + ez

5. 6, 3, 2 m correct

006 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points Consider two vectors where F1 = 78 N , F2 = 74 N , 1 = 127 , and 2 = 345 , measured from the positive x axis with the counterclockwise angular direction as positive. What is the magnitude of the resultant vector F = F1 + F2 ? 1. 110.642 N 2. 62.5546 N 3. 49.6307 N correct 4. 143.403 N 5. 100.913 N 6. 98.5029 N 7. 73.7315 N 8. 153.709 N Explanation: Drawing a diagram to scale,

5. 6, 3, 2 m

F1

F2 Scale: 10 N The components of the forces are Fx = F cos and Fy = F sin , so F1x F2x F1y F2y = (78 N) cos 127 = 46.9416 N , = (74 N) cos 345 = 71.4785 N , = (78 N) sin 127 = 62.2936 N , = (74 N) sin 345 = 19.1526 N .

The components of the resultant vector are Fx = F1x + F2x = 46.9416 N + 71.4785 N = 24.5369 N and

(6 m)2 + (3 m)2 + (2 m)2 = 49 m2 = 7 . 0 m.

lui (el22284) HW-01 swinney (58535)

Fy = F1y + F2y = 62.2936 N + 19.1526 N = 43.141 N , so the magnitude of the resultant vector is F = =
2 + F2 Fx y

(24.5369 N)2 + (43.141 N)2

008 10.0 points Consider three force vectors F1 with magnitude 35 N and direction 160 , F2 with magnitude 30 N and direction 130 , and F3 with magnitude 19 N and direction 27 . All direction angles are measured from the positive x axis: counter-clockwise for > 0 and clockwise for < 0. What is the magnitude of the resultant vector F = F1 + F2 + F3 ? Correct answer: 35.3243 N. Explanation:

= 49.6307 N .

007 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points What is the direction of this resultant vector F ? Use counterclockwise as the positive angular direction, between the limits of 180 and +180 from the positive x axis. 1. 3.32397 2. 100.278 3. 37.9361 4. 60.3704 correct 5. 18.6328 6. 151.022 7. 53.8099 8. 105.631 Explanation: The angle is = arctan = tan1 Fy Fx 43.141 N 24.5369 N

Let :

F1 = 35 N at 1 = 160 , F2 = 30 N at 2 = 130 , F3 = 19 N at 3 = 27 .

and

Each force vector is dened by components Fx = F cos and Fy = F sin , so the net force is dened by Fx = F1,x + F2,x + F3,x = (35 N) cos 160 + (30 N) cos(130 ) + (19 N) cos 27 = 35.2437 N and Fy = F1,y + F2,y + F3,y = (35 N) sin 160 + (30 N) sin(130 ) + (19 N) sin 27 = 2.38481 N with magnitude F = =
2 + F2 Fx y

(35.2437 N)2 + (2.38481 N)2

= 35.3243 N . . 009 (part 1 of 5) 10.0 points A planet is located at P = 1 1010 , 5 1010 , 2 1010 . A star is located at S = 4 1010 , 7 1010 , 1 1010 .

= 60.3704 . The arctan function is dened between limits 90 and +90 , so you must check for the quadrant in which your resultant vector lies.

lui (el22284) HW-01 swinney (58535) What is R, the vector pointing from the planet to the star? 1. R = 9 1010 , 9 1010 , 5 1010 2. R = 6 1010 , 1.1 1011 , 6 1010 3. R = 1 1011 , 1.5 1011 , 7 1010 4. R = correct 5 10 , 1.2 10 , 3 10
10 11 10

vector in the direction of R. Begin by nding x. R Correct answer: 0.374766. Explanation: We simply divide Rx by the magnitude: 5 1010 x = rx = = 0.374766. R 1.33417 1011 R 012 (part 4 of 5) 10.0 points y. Find R Correct answer: 0.899438.

Explanation: This is a vector subtraction problem. To nd R, we subtract S P by respective components: Sx Px = 4 1010 (1 1010 ) = 5 1010 Sy Py = 7 1010 (5 1010 ) = 1.2 1011 Sz Pz = 1 1010 (2 1010 ) = 3 1010 So R=SP

5. R = 9 1010 , 1.2 1011 , 7 1010

Explanation: We divide Ry by the magnitude:

11 y = Ry = 1.2 10 = 0.899438. R 1.33417 1011 R

013 (part 5 of 5) 10.0 points Find Rz . = 5 1010 , 1.2 1011 , 3 1010 . Correct answer: 0.22486. Explanation: We divide Rz by the magnitude: 3 1010 z = Rz = R = 0.22486. 1.33417 1011 R

010 (part 2 of 5) 10.0 points What is R ? Correct answer: 1.33417 10 .

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Explanation: To nd R , we use the Pythagorean theorem. R =

014 10.0 points Let D = A + B + C where A = i, B = i + j, and C = j. Find the magnitude of D = A + B + C and (5 1010 )2 + (1.2 1011 )2 + (3 1010 )2 the polar angle D . 1. D = 2 2, D = 60 = 1.78 1022 = 1.33417 1011 . 2. D = 3, D = 45 3. D = 2 2, D = 45 correct 4. D = 2, D = 60

011 (part 3 of 5) 10.0 points For the remaining three parts of this problem, , the unit you will nd the components of R

lui (el22284) HW-01 swinney (58535) and the magnitude is 5. D = 4, 6. D = 3, 7. D = 4, 8. D = 4, 9. D = 2, 10. D = 3, D = 30

D = 60 D = 60 D = 45 D = 45 D = 30

| R2 | = =

2 + R2 R2 x 2y

(141.558 cm)2 + (124.66 cm)2

= 188.624 cm .

Explanation: Adding component by we have component, D = 2 i + 2 j, so D = 4 + 4 = 2 2 and the Dy polar angle is D = arctan = 45 . Dx 015 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A particle undergoes two displacements. The rst has a magnitude of 193 cm and makes an angle of 102 with the positive x axis. The resultant displacement has a magnitude of 120 cm and is directed at an angle of 32.3 to the positive x axis. Find the magnitude of the second displacement. Correct answer: 188.624 cm. Explanation: Let : R1 = 193 cm R = 120 cm at 1 = 102 and at = 32.3 .

016 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points What is the direction of the second displacement (with positive measured counterclockwise from the x axis, and between the limits of 180 and +180 )? Correct answer: 41.368 . Explanation:

tan =

s2y s2x s2y s2x 124.66 cm 141.558 cm

= arctan = arctan

= 41.368 . 017 10.0 points An ice skater skates 34.6 m southwest, then 69.2 m east, and nally 103.8 m in a direction 49.3 north of east. Find the magnitude of the displacement required to bring the skater back to her starting point. Correct answer: 124.818 m.

r1

r2

R = R1 + R2 R2 = R R1 ,

Explanation: so Let : r1 r2 r3 = 34.6 m , = 69.2 m , = 103.8 m , = 49.3 .

R2x = (120 cm) cos 32.3 (193 cm) cos 102 = 141.558 cm , and R2y = (120 cm) sin 32.3 (193 cm) sin 102 = 124.66 cm ,

and

lui (el22284) HW-01 swinney (58535)

y (x 3 , y 3 ) North
45

r1 (x 1 , y 1 )

O r2

r3 (x 2 , y 2 )

Upon spotting a ower below, the hummingbird drops directly downward 1.1 m to hover in front of the ower. a) What is the magnitude of the hummingbirds total displacement? Correct answer: 2.64008 m. Explanation: 2. 4 m 1.1 m

After skating southwest, her coordinates are x1 = r1 cos 45 = (34.6 m) cos 45 = 24.4659 m and y1 = r1 sin 45 = (34.6 m) sin 45 = 24.4659 m , and after she skates east x 2 = x 1 + r2 = 24.4659 m + 69.2 m = 44.7341 m and y2 = y1 = 24.4659 m . After skating 49.3 north of east x3 = x2 + r3 cos = 44.7341 m + (103.8 m) cos 49.3 = 112.422 m and y3 = y2 + r3 sin = 24.4659 m + (103.8 m) sin 49.3 = 54.2285 m , so the required displacement is r= =
2 x2 3 + y3

Note: Figure is not drawn to scale. Basic Concept: d= Given: x = 2 . 4 m y = 1.1 m Solution: d = (2.4 m)2 + (1.1 m)2 = 2.64008 m 019 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points How many degrees below the horizontal is this total displacement? Correct answer: 24.6236 . Explanation: Basic Concept: tan = Solution: = tan1 y x 1.1 m = tan1 2. 4 m = 24.6236 y x (x)2 + (y )2

(112.422 m)2 + (54.2285 m)2

= 124.818 m . 018 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A hummingbird ies 2.4 m along a straight path at a height of 5.5 m above the ground.

lui (el22284) HW-01 swinney (58535) which is 24.6236 below the horizontal. 020 10.0 points Bob heads out into a lake at an angle of 23 with respect to the shore. If his boat is capable of a speed of 2.4 m/s, how far from land will he be in 3 min and 44 s ? Correct answer: 210.057 m. Explanation: Let v be the rate at which the boat is moving away from the shore.

The average velocity over a time interval is given by: d2 d1 v = t2 t1 This means that the x component is: vx = d2x d1x t2 t1 (0.02 m) (0.02 m) = (3 s)

= 0 m/ s 022 (part 2 of 6) 10.0 points

2. 4

m/

s
v

What is vy ? Correct answer: 6 105 m/s. Explanation: vy = d2y d1y t2 t1 (1.84 m) (0.04 m) = (3 s) = 6 105 m/s 023 (part 3 of 6) 10.0 points

23

Although the boats speed is vboat , it is moving away from the shore at less than this speed. The boats speed vboat is the hypotenuse of a right triangle with v the side opposite the angle , so sin = v and vboat v = vboat sin

What is vz ? Correct answer: 2.66667 105 m/s. Explanation: vz = d2z d1z t2 t1 (0.86 m) (0.06 m) = (3 s)

(d = v t = vboat sin ) t = (2.4 m/s)(sin 23 )(224 s) = 210.057 m . 021 (part 1 of 6) 10.0 points An electron passes location 0.02 m, 0.04 m, 0.06 m , and 3 s later is detected at location 0.02 m, 1.84 m, 0.86 m . Find the average velocity of the elecron: v = vx , vy , vz . What is vx ? Correct answer: 0 m/s. Explanation:

= 2.66667 105 m/s 024 (part 4 of 6) 10.0 points If the electron continues to travel at this average velocity, nd where it will be in another 9 s : d = dx , dy , dz . What is dx ?

lui (el22284) HW-01 swinney (58535) Correct answer: 0.02 m. Explanation: The new position is equal to the initial position plus the velocity of the electron time the time interval it travels: dx = d2x + vx t = (0.02 m) + (0 m/s) (9 s) = 0.02 m 025 (part 5 of 6) 10.0 points What is dy ? Correct answer: 7.24 m. Explanation: dy = d2y + vy t = (1.84 m) + (6 105 m/s) (9 s) = 7.24 m 026 (part 6 of 6) 10.0 points What is dz ? Correct answer: 3.26 m. Explanation: |v | = 0.997c, p = mv = (0.16 kg) (35.7631 m/s) = 5.7221 kg m/s. 028 (part 1 of 3) 10.0 points An electron travels at speed

direction or vectors. The magnitude of momentum is given by p = m v. First, however, we need to convert our units. Its easy to see that 160 g = 0.16 kg. And if we look up the conversion factors, we have 80 mph 1609.34 m 1 hr = 35.7631 m/s. 1 mile 3600 s

Then we can write

where 3 108 m/s m/s is the speed of light. The electron travels in the direction given by the unit vector v = 0.655, 0.492, 0.579 . The mass of an electron is 9 1031 kg. What is the value of = 1 1 |v | c
2

dz = d2z + vz t = (0.86 m) + (2.66667 105 m/s) (9 s) = 3.26 m 027 10.0 points A baseball has a mass of about 160 g. What is the magnitude of the momentum of a baseball thrown at a speed of 80 mph? Answer in kg m/s. (Note that you need to convert mass to kilograms and miles per hour to meters per second.) Correct answer: 5.7221 kg m/s.

You can simplify the calculation if you notice 2 |v | = (0.997)2 . Also, remember that that c is a unitless quantity. Correct answer: 12.9196. Explanation: This is just a plug and chug problem. You can carry out the calculation with the more

Explanation: Since the question asks for the magnitude of momentum, we dont need to worry about

lui (el22284) HW-01 swinney (58535) complicated expression or you can take the hint into account and simplify things to nd that 1 1 = 1 |v | c 1
2

10

Note that velocity and momentum point in the same direction. We could therefore determine the full momentum vector by nding the unit vector that points in the direction of the velocity and multiplying it by the magnitude of the momentum. 031 (part 1 of 2) 10.0 points A tennis ball of mass 57 g travels with velocity

0.997 c c = 12.9196 .

vi = 50, 0, 0 m/s toward a wall. After bouncing o the wall, the tennis ball is observed to be traveling with velocity vf = 44, 0, 0 m/s. Before After

029 (part 2 of 3) 10.0 points What is the speed of the electron? Answer in m/s. Correct answer: 2.991 10 m/s.
8

Explanation: Speed is just the magnitude of the velocity, so no vectors are involved. We just need to carry out the multiplication |v | = 0.997 c = 0.997(3 108 m/s) = 2.991 108 m/s .

vi

vf

Notice that this ball only has motion in the x direction, so the change in momentum will be of the form p = px , 0, 0 . Find px . Answer in kg m/s. Correct answer: 5.358 kg m/s. Explanation: To nd the change in momentum, we proceed as follows: p = pf pi = m vf m vi

030 (part 3 of 3) 10.0 points What is the magnitude of the electrons momentum? Answer in kg m/s. Correct answer: 3.47784 1021 kg m/s. Explanation: Relativistically, the magnitude of momentum is given by |p| = m |v | . We know as well as m and |v |, so we have everything we need. We obtain |p| = m |v | = (12.9196)(9 1031 kg)(2.991 108 m/s) = 3.47784 1021 kg m/s .

= m vf vi = m ( 44, 0, 0 m/s 50, 0, 0 m/s) = (0.057 kg) 94, 0, 0 m/s = 5.358, 0, 0 kg m/s .

So px = 5.358 kg m/s

lui (el22284) HW-01 swinney (58535) 032 (part 2 of 2) 10.0 points What is the change in the magnitude of the tennis balls momentum? Answer in kg m/s. Correct answer: 0.342 kg m/s. Explanation: Remember that magnitude refers only to the length of a vector, not its direction. So if we want the change in magnitude, we need to take the magnitudes of pi and pf and nd the change. We would usually use the Pythagorean theorem to nd the magnitude of a vector, but in this case, our vectors have only one component each, so nding the magnitudes is easy. For pi , |pi | = |(0.057 kg) 50, 0, 0 m/s| = | 2.85, 0, 0 kg m/s| = 2.85 kg m/s . And for pf , pf = |(0.057 kg) 44, 0, 0 m/s| = | 2.508, 0, 0 kg m/s| = 2.508 kg m/s . So the change in magnitude is pf |pi | = 0.342 kg m/s.

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