Review of Related Literature 1. Holmgren, C. C., & Benzian, H. H. (2011).

Dental volunteering - a time for reflection and a time for change. British Dental Journal, 210(11), 513-516. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2011.426 Dental volunteers and their NGOs may have the potential to make a significant and long-lasting contribution to global oral health. However, their traditional approach to volunteering in developing countries can be questioned as to its appropriateness and sustainability combined with potential harmful effects that it might bring to the local health system. This article reviews the positive and negative aspects of this approach to dental volunteering and examines possible changes that could be made to the prevailing volunteer paradigm. 2. Benzian, H., & Helderman, W. (2006, October 7). Dental charity work does it really help?. British Dental Journal. p. 413. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4814133. The author reflects on NGO's contributions in dental practices in small and underdeveloped countries. The article further discusses voulunteers from rich countries who go and help in needy countries for their satisfaction but fail to address the real needs of their host communities. The article suggests that to improve the impact of oral health care, NGO's and their volunteers need to be reoriented. 3. Han, S., & Quionez, C. R. (2013). Dental Volunteerism: Is the Current Model Working?. Journal Of The Canadian Dental Association, 79(4), 1-4. The article reports on problematic aspects of the current dental volunteerism model and analyzes the basic package of oral care (BPOC) of the World Health Organization (WHO). It discusses the lack of effective systems for quality assurance and strategic plans for sustainability. It mentions that the BPOC provides oral heath treatments including atraumatic restorative treatment (ART), oral urgent treatment (OUT) and affordable fluoride toothpaste (AFT). 4. Chavan, S., Kemparaj, U., Baghele, O. N., & Rajdha, A. (2012). Public-private partnership to enhance oral health in India. Journal Of Interdisciplinary Dentistry, 2(2), 135-137. doi:10.4103/2229-5194.100609 In spite of great achievements in oral health globally, problems still remain in many communities all over the world, particularly among developing countries. The distribution and severity of oral diseases vary within the same country or region. In India, though health care is provided individually through public and private sectors, till now the oral health has not reached its summit. One of the strategies to improve oral health is through encouraging public-private partnership (P3). P3 can play a pivotal role with each sector contributing significantly to improve oral health outcomes. One of the major advantages of encouraging P3 is that when public and private sectors come together, they overcome each other's weaknesses and work like a potent bullet to slay oral problems.

5. Slack-Smith, L., Lange, A., Paley, G., O'Grady, M., French, D., & Short, L. (2010). Oral health and access to dental care: a qualitative investigation among older people in the community. Gerodontology, 27(2), 104-113. doi:10.1111/j.1741-2358.2009.00320.x Abstract: Oral health and access to dental care: a qualitative investigation among older people in the community Objective: The aim of this study was to explore older persons beliefs and attitudes towards oral health and access to and use of dental care services. Background: As the proportion of dentate older people increases, the need and demand for dental services will rise ( J Public Health Dent, 60, 2000, 276). Design: Focus groups and semi-structured interviews were used for data collection. Setting and subjects: The study participants included 63 older people in Perth, WA. Results: Five major themes emerged from the interviews the need for information and knowledge; accessibility of services; cost and affordability of oral care; fear and anxiety regarding dental visits and relationships with dentists. Attitudes and behaviours were slow to change in this group. Conclusion: This investigation provided important perspectives regarding oral health and dental access for older people residing in the community and demonstrated the importance of understanding this group when considering provision and use of services. 6. Diamond, R., Litwak, E., Marshall, S., & Diamond, A. (2003). Implementing a Communitybased Oral Health Care Program: Lessons Learned. Journal Of Public Health Dentistry, 63(4), 240-243. Abstract: Objectives: The objective of this paper is to report key findings of a process evaluation that may be useful to other institutions seeking to implement a community-based oral health care program primarily targeting children in dentally underserved communities. By partnering with community-based organizations, public schools, and community health care providers, the Columbia University School of Oral and Dental Surgery (SDOS) established the Community DentCare Network (DentCare) in the Harlem and Washington Heights/lnwood neighborhoods of northern Manhattan. These low-income neighborhoods are characterized by poor oral health and have been designated by the federal government as health professions shortage areas. Methods: The method used in the process evaluation was open-ended qualitative interviewing by a sociologist with extensive experience in this methodology aided by a participant-observer within the DentCare program. Results: The heterogeneity of the two communities required different strategies and resources to gain trust and acceptance. Fundamental changes were required of SDOS over a 10-year period, beginning with prioritizing community service into a primary mission. Collaborating with medical clinics facilitated the implementation of the network when the partners shared the same philosophical goals. Faculty and staff with different skills were needed during the start-up and the sustained development phases of the program.