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Introduction
Resistance thermometer sensors (RTSs) and thermocouples are the temperature sensors most widely used in industrial temperature measurement. They have the advantages of simple construction and ease of use, making for convenience in measurement. However, if correct application methods based on the proper standards are not followed, highly accurate measurements cannot be expected. This document is a compendium of the basic data relating to resistance thermometer sensors and thermocouples. *This second edition reflects IEC and JIS revisions (thermocouples) of July 1995. We hope that this document will aid you in comparing the various underlying standards from an international viewpoint, and in deciding which standards to follow. This document also provides information on vital parameters such as operating temperature ranges and tolerances.
Contents
1. RESISTANCE THERMOMETER SENSORS .................................................................................................. 1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Overview of the IEC Revisions ........................................................................................................................................ 1 Overview of the JIS Revisions .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Types of Resistance Thermometer Sensors ...................................................................................................................... 3 Tolerances vs. Temperature .............................................................................................................................................. 3 Temperature/Resistance relationships Values in Various Nations ................................................................................... 4 Copper Resistance Thermometer Sensors ......................................................................................................................... 5
2. THERMOCOUPLES ............................................................................................................................................ 6
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Overview of the JIS '95 Revisions .................................................................................................................................... 6 Types of Thermocouples ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Thermal EMF Characteristics ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Tolerance ......................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Themocouple Electrical Characteristics .......................................................................................................................... 11 Thermocouple operating Limits ...................................................................................................................................... 12 Thermocouple Leadwire Resistances .............................................................................................................................. 13
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Y okogawa Electric Corporation
Copyright Oct. 1990 (YK) 3rd Edition: May 2003 (YG)
APPENDIX B THERMOCOUPLES
APPENDIX TABLE B1 APPENDIX TABLE B2 APPENDIX TABLE B3 APPENDIX TABLE B4 APPENDIX TABLE B5 APPENDIX TABLE B6 APPENDIX TABLE B7 APPENDIX TABLE B8 APPENDIX TABLE B9 APPENDIX TABLE B10 APPENDIX TABLE B11 APPENDIX TABLE B12 APPENDIX TABLE B13 APPENDIX TABLE B14 APPENDIX TABLE B15 APPENDIX TABLE B16 APPENDIX TABLE B17. APPENDIX TABLE B18 APPENDIX TABLE B19 APPENDIX TABLE B20 APPENDIX TABLE B21 APPENDIX TABLE B22 TYPE B THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ...................................................... 33 TYPE R THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ...................................................... 37 TYPE S THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ...................................................... 41 TYPE N THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ..................................................... 45 TYPE K THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ..................................................... 48 TYPE E THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ...................................................... 52 TYPE J THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ....................................................... 55 TYPE T THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ...................................................... 58 INTERPOLATION EQUATION OF REFERENCE THERMAL E.M.F. of JIS'95 (JIS C1602-1995) ....................................................................................................................... 60 TYPE B THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ...................................................... 68 TYPE R THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ...................................................... 72 TYPE S THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ...................................................... 76 TYPE K THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ..................................................... 80 TYPE E THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ...................................................... 84 TYPE J THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ....................................................... 87 TYPE T THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ...................................................... 90 INTERPOLATION EQUATION OF REFERENCE THERMAL E.M.F. of JIS'81 (JIS C1602-1981, abolished after July 1995) ............................................................................ 92 Cu-CuNi THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE (DIN 43710 TYPE U) ............... 96 Fe-CuNi THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE (DIN 43710 TYPE L) ................ 98 W (W5Re/W26Re) THERMOCOUPLE REFERENCE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE (ASTM E988) ........................................................................................................................... 101 KP/AuFe THERMOCOUPLE REFERENCE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE ......................... 105 TABLE OF THERMOCOUPLE REFERENCE THERMAL E.M.F. PRACTICED IN TABLES OTHER THAN THOSE DEFINED IN JIS. ........................................................... 106
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situation that they have been used for more than thirty years and many of them are still in use, the 1989 reference resistance table remains in the guide. It is also described in the guide that the characteristics of JPt100 are almost the same as those of Pt100 so that the quality of supplement is guaranteed. This Technical Information provides reference resistance tables of abolished JPt100, JIS'89 Pt100 and JIS'91 50(Pt50) for reference.
0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 t/C 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 t/C 400 450 500 550 600 650 700
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R100/R0 value
Pt100
1.3850
(JP100)
(1.3916)
Note: 1. R100 is the resistance value at 100 C. 2. R0 is the resistance value of 100 at of C. 3. An item in parentheses is discontinued. 4. Items marked with an * do not apply in Class A. 5. Sheathed RTSs operating temperature range H is 0 to +500 C. 6. The 2-wire lead wire system is not applicable to sheathed RTSs.
Note 1: The error in the measured temperature of the resistance element is the measured temperature subtracted from the temperature computed from the resistance value displayed by the resistance element according to Appendix Table A1 ro Appendix Table A2. Note 2: |t| is the absolute value of the measured temperature (C), irrespective of the + or sign. Note 3: Although old JIS Class 0.15 has been discontinued, Yokogawa will sell it, but for the JPt100 only. Tolerance for old JIS Class 0.15 is + (0.15+0.0015 t), and applies over the temperature range of 0 to +350 C.
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Table 3
Units: C Measured temperature -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 650 Tolerance Class A 0.55 0.35 0.15 0.35 0.55 0.75 0.95 1.15 1.35 1.45 Class B 1.3 0.8 0.3 0.8 1.3 1.8 2.3 2.8 3.3 3.6
Note: 1. The error in the measured temperature of the resistance element is the measured temperature subtracted from the temperature computed from the resistance value displayed by the resistance element according to Appendix Table A1 ro Appendix Table A2. 2. |t| is the absolute value of the measured temperature (C), irrespective of the + or sign. 3. Although old JIS Class 0.15 has been discontinued, Yokogawa will sell it, but for the JPt100 only. Tolerance for old JIS Class 0.15 is + (0.15+0.0015 t), and applies over the temperature range of 0 to +350 C.
Table 4
Temperature ( C) -200 -100 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Note: IEC 751 Standard resistance table was revised in July, 1995. To conform to this change, JIS C 1604 will be revised soon.
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Nominal Resistance
Nominal resistance 10 25 Standard temperature 25 C 0 C
Table 6
0 10 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80
Temperature C
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2. THERMOCOUPLES
Thermocouples sense temperatures based on the principle that an electrical current is generated when two different metals are combined in a closed circuit and subjected to a temperature difference; they are widely exploited in industry due to their simple construction and excellent reliability. There are many types of thermocouples in use. Those which are the most widely used, whose characteristics are understood, and which have demonstrated their reliability, have become the objects of standardization. This document deals primarily with those thermocouples standardized in the JIS, plus other typically used thermocouples that have been field-proven in particular applications.
Figure 1
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Table 7
Old code Component materials
Thermocouple Codes, Component Materials, Normal Operating Limits, and Overheat Operating Limits (JIS C 1602-1981)
Class Element diameter (mm) Normal operating limits ( C) Overheat operating limits ( C) Properties Thermal EMF is very small at room temperature. Large differences in characteristics sometimes seen. Otherwise the same as Type R. Very stable. Suitable as standard thermocouple. Suitable for corrosive environments. Sensitive to hydrogen, metal vapors. Small thermal EMF. Very slight secular change. Large extension wire error. Excellent corrosion resistance (several times that of Type K). No error generation due to short-range ordering. Magnetic field influence relatively small. Good EMF linearity. Suitable for corrosine environment. Resistant to metal vapors. Some secular change.
Code
+ side
side
Class 2 Class 3
0.50
1500
1700
Contains 13% Rhodium. Platinum. Rhodium alloy Contains 10% Rhodium. Platinum. Rhodium alloy
Platinum Class 2
0.50
1400
1600
Platinum
0.50
1400
1600
0.65 Alloy, primarily Nickel, Chrome, and Silicon Alloy, primarily Nickel, and Silicon Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 1.00 1.60 2.30 3.20 0.65 Alloy, primarily Nickel and Chrome Alloy, primarily Nickel Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 1.00 1.60 2.30 3.20 0.65 Alloy, primarily CRC Nickel and Chrome Alloy, primarily Copper and Nickel Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 1.00 1.60 2.30 3.20 0.65 1.00 J IC Iron Alloy, primarily Copper and Nickel Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 1.60 2.30 3.20 0.32 T CC Copper Alloy, primarily Copper and Nickel Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 0.65 1.00 1.60
850 950 1050 1100 1200 650 750 850 900 1000 450 500 550 600 700 400 450 500 550 600 200 200 250 300
900 1000 1100 1150 1250 850 950 1050 1100 1200 500 550 650 750 800 500 550 650 750 750 250 250 300 350
CA
Lower cost than Type K, larger thermal EMF. Non-magnetic. Some drift over time.
Low cost, with fairly large thermal EMF. Good EMF linearity. Suitable for reducing environments. Large sample-to-sample variations in dharacteristics, quality. Rusts easily. Drifts at high temperatures. Low cost, with good low-temperature characteristics. Good linearity, Suitable for reducing environments. Large extension wire error.
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Table 8
Name + side Contains 20% Rhodium. Platinum-Rhodium alloy Contains 40% Rhodium. Platinum-Rhodium alloy Contains 5% Rhodium. Platinum-Rhodium alloy TungstenRhenium Contains 3% Rhodium. Platinum-Rhodium alloy
Component materials -side Contains 5% Rhodium. Platinum-Rhodium alloy Contains 20% Rhodium. Platinum-Rhodium alloy Contains 26% Rhodium. Platinum-Rhodium alloy Contains 25% Rhodium. Platinum-Rhodium alloy Contains 26% Rhodium. Platinum-Rhodium alloy Alloy, primarily Gold and Palladium
PlatinumRhodium
Usable at high temperatures. Small thermal EMF. Appendix Table B22 Otherwise, same as Type R.
0 to 2400 C (3000 C)
Tungsten
Platinel
Alloy, primarily Palladium, Platium, and Gold Alloy, primarily Nickel and Chrome o4?0 (Chromel)
0 to 1100 C (1300 C)
High resistance to abrasion. Thermal EMF nearly the same as that of Type K.
Chromel/ Gold-Iron
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Copper-Constantan
Note: 1. A line drawn in the table indicates that the thermocouple in question is not covered in thet standard. Those for which the same document number is given have the same standard thermal EMFs even if their names are different. 2. ASTM'93 is a national standard of the U.S. which regulates thermocouple reference thermal E.M.F.. : ASTM E230-93.
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2.4 Tolerance
Tolerances with respect to temperature are shown in Table 11:
Table 10 Thermocouple Tolerances (JIS C 1602-1995)
Tolerance class 1 0 C to 100 C 1 C 1100 C to 1600 C [1 + 0.003 (t-1100)] C -40 C to 375 C 1.5 C 375 C to 1000 C 0.004 |t| -40 C to +375 C 1.5 C 375 C to 800 C 0.004 |t| -40 C to +375 C 1.5 C 375 C to 750 C 0.004 |t| -40 C to +125 C 0.5 C 125 C to 350 C 0.004 |t| Tolerance class 2 600 C to 1700 C 0.0025 |t| 0 C to +600 C 1.5 C 600 C to 1600 C 0.0025 |t| Tolerance class 3 600 C to 800 C +4 C 800 C to 1700 C 0.005 |t|
Types Type B Temperature range Tolerance value Temperature range Tolerance value Type R, Type S Temperature range Tolerance value Temperature range Tolerance value Type K, Type N Temperature range Tolerance value Temperature range Tolerance value Type E Temperature range Tolerance value Temperature range Tolerance value Type J Temperature range Tolerance value Temperature range Tolerance value Type T Temperature range Tolerance value Temperature range Tolerance value
-167 C to +40 C 2.5 C -200 C to -167 C 0.015 |t| -167 C to +40 C 2.5 C -200 C to -167 C 0.015 |t| -67 C to +40 C 1 C -200 C to -67 C 0.015 |t|
-40 C to +333 C 2.5 C 333 C to 1200 C 0.0075 |t| -40 C to +333 C 2.5 C 333 C to 900 C 0.0075 |t| -40 C to +333 C 2.5 C 333 C to 750 C 0.0075 |t| -40 C to +133 C 1 C 133 C to 350 C 0.0075 |t|
Note: 1. Thermocouple materials are noemally supplied to meet the manufacturing tolerances specified in the table for temperatures above -40 C. These materials, however, may not fall within the manufacturing tolerances for low temperatures given under class 3 for types T, E, K and N. If thermocouples are required for meet limits of class 3, as well as those of class 1 or 2 the purchaser shall state this, as selection of materials is usually required.
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12
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Thermocouple Resistances
Unit: /m B 1.75 R 1.47 S 1.43 K CA 2.95 1.25 0.49 0.24 0.12 E CRC 3.56 1.50 0.59 0.28 0.15 J IC 1.70 0.72 0.28 0.14 0.07 T CC 6.17 1.50 0.63 0.25 N 3.94 1.66 0.65 0.31 0.16
Table 14
Code Old code Temperature (t) C 0 20 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700
Rt/R0 Rt/R20 Rt/R0 Rt/R20 Rt/R0 Rt/R20 Rt/R0 Rt/R20 Rt/R0 Rt/R20 Rt/R0 Rt/R20 Rt/R0 Rt/R20
1.00 1.03 1.17 1.34 1.50 1.65 1.80 1.95 2.10 2.25 2.39 2.53 2.66 2.79 2.92 3.04 3.16 3.28 3.40
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Figure 2
Figure 3
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3.2 Tolerances
Table 16 shows tolerances. These are determined in conformance with those for general thermocouples.
Table 16 Tolerance classes for thermocouples (reference junction at 0C)
Type Type T Temperature range Tolerance value Temperature range Tolerance value Type E Temperature range Tolerance value Temperature range Tolerance value Type J Temperature range Tolerance value Temperature range Tolerance value Type K, Type N Temperature range Tolerance value Temperature range Tolerance value Tolerance class 1 -40 C to +25 C 0.5 C 125 C to 350 C 0.004 |t| -40 C to +375 C 1.5 C 375 C to 800 C 0.004 |t| -40 C to +375 C 1.5 C 375 C to 750 C 0.004 |t| -40 C to +375 C 1.5 C 375 C to 1000 C 0.004 |t| Tolerance class 2 -40 C to +133 C 1 C 133 C to 350 C 0.0075 |t| -40 C to +333 C 2.5 C 333 C to 900 C 0.0075 |t| -40 C to +333 C 2.5 C 333 C to 750 C 0.0075 |t| -40 C to +333 C 2.5 C 333 C to 1200 C 0.0075 |t| Tolerance class 3 -67 C to +40 C 1 C 200 C to -67 C 0.015 |t| -167 C to +40 C 2.5 C -200 C to -167 C 0.015 |t| -167 C to +40 C 2.5 C -200 C to -167 C 0.015 |t|
Note: (1) The tolerance is the maximum limit for the difference calculated by subtracting the measurement junction temperature from the temperature converted from the thermal EMF using the standard thermal EMF table. The tolerance is the larger of C or % (2) Thermocouple materials are noemally supplied to meet the manufacturing tolerances specified in the table for temperatures above -40 C. These materials, however, may not fall within the manufacturing tolerances for low temperatures given under class 3 for types T, E, K and N. If thermocouples are required for meet limits of class 3, as well as those of class 1 or 2 the purchaser shall state this, as selection of materials is usually required.
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15
Code SN
Notes: 1. The normal operating limit is the temperature at which the device can be used continuously in air. 2. The normal operating limits differ from those in JIS C 1602 due to the large dependence on the heatresistance of the metal sheath. 3. ( ) will be removed in the future.
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3.0,(3.2), 4.5, (4.8), 6.0, >100M /500VDC (6.4), 8.0 Dielectric strength 1.0, 1.5, (1.6) 100VAC for one minute 3.0, (3.2), 4.5, (4.8), 6.0, 500VAC for one minute (6.4), 8.0 Notes: (1) These tests should not be applied to earthed thermocouples. (2) For thermocouples with compensating cable, apply the smaller of the above values or insulation resistances regulated in JIS C 1610. (3) ( ) will be removed in the future.
Table 19
Sheath Outer diameter (mm)
Maximum Standard resistance resistance 55.22 19.75 3.74 1.50 0.89 0.73 19.8 8.79 4.08 2.20 1.44 23.81 9.65 1.87 0.84 0.48 0.38 4.60 2.10 1.20 0.75
Maximum Standard resistance resistance 9.61 1.90 0.78 0.45 0.37 4.40 2.10 1.10 0.69 3.77 1.70 0.94 0.77 1.48
1.0 1.6 3.2 4.8 6.4 8.0 2.2 3.2 4.8 6.4 8.0 Note: Resistance dispersion is 20%
40.32 16.34 3.15 1.40 0.79 0.66 16.31 7.72 3.43 1.93 1.24
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Alloy, primarily Alloy, primarily 25 to 200 Nickel and Nickel and Chrome Silicon Alloy, primarily Alloy, primarily 0 to 150 Copper and Copper and Nickel Nickel 25 to 200 Alloy, primarily Alloy, primarily Nickel and Nickel Chrome 0 to 150 Icon Alloy, primarily 0 to 150 Copper and Nickel Alloy, primarily 0 to 100 Copper and Nickel
NC
100
KX KCA KCB
KX WX
60
Green
Blue
KCC
VX
Copper
100
EX
EX
Alloy, primarily Alloy, primarily 25 to 200 Nickel and Copper and Chrome Nickel Iron Alloy, primarily 25 to 200 Copper and Nickel Alloy, primarily 25 to 100 Copper and Nickel
120
200
Purple
Purple
JX
JX
85
140
Black
Yellow
TX
TX
Copper
30
60
Brown
Brown
Note: The temperature at the reference-junction compensation point should be within the tolerance of conductors, and as for cable operating temperature range, table 22 usage classification is given a higher priority.
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Table 21
Usage Classfication General use Code G Old Code G
Usage Classification
Unit: C Operating Temperature -20 to +90 Notes 1) Not applicable for RCB and SCB 2) Operating temperature range of BC, RCA, SCA, NC, KCA, LCB KCC is from 0 C to +90 C Not applicable for BC, RCA, SCA, KCC or TX. 1) Not applicable for compensating conductors. 2) Operating temperature range of TX is from -25 C to +100 C
H S
Table22
Insulator Resistance
Unit: M km Codes G H S Materials of Insulator Vinyl Glassyarn FEP Insulation Resistance 50 0.05 1000
Table 23
Extention cable Copper (BC both sides/ RC, SC, KCC, TX + side) Iron (KCB, JX + side) Copper-Nickel alloy (RC, SC-side) Alumel (KX side) Chromel (KX + side) Copper-Nickel alloy (JX-side) Chromel (EX + side) Copper-Nickel alloy (EX-side) Copper-Nickel alloy (TX-side) Copper-Nickel alloy (KCC-side)
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20
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-248.5939 -218.7916 -189.3442 -38.8344 0.01 29.7646 156.5985 231.928 419.527 660.323 961.78 1064.18 1084.62
Platinum resistance thermometer 273.16 373.15 505.1181 692.73 903.9 1235.58 1337.58
Note: Descriptions of defining fixed-point states: B: Boiling point (state of equilibrium between the liquid phase and gas phase at one atmosphere of pressure) C: Condensation point (state of equilibrium between the liquid phase and gas phase at one atmosphere of pressure at which the liquid phase condenses) F: Freezing point (state of equilibrium between the liquid phase and solid phase) M: Melting point (state of equilibrium between the solid phase liquid phase) T: Triple point (state of equilibrium between the solid phase, liquid phase, and gas phase) V: Vapor pressure point (state of equilibrium between the liquid phase and gas phase)
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21
Figure 4
accuracy C
22
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Table 25
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The reference resistances in Appendix Table A1 are calculated in the following equations: -200C to 0C range: Rt = R0 [1 + At + Bt2 + C (t - 100) t3] 0C to + 650 C range: Rt =R0 (1 + At + Bt2) Where: A = 3.90802 x 10-3C -01 B = -5.802 x 10 - 7C - 2 C = -4.2735 x 10 - 12C - 4 Notes: 1. R0 is 100, and Rt represents the resistance at tC. 2. The above expressions were used to calculate the reference resistances for this standard, and are not intended to be used to determine the characteristics of any individual RTS.
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APPENDIX TABLE A6
The reference resistances in Appendix A2 JPt100 reference resistance table (JIS C 1604-1989) are calculated in the following equations:
For 0C to 630C range, Rt = Ro (1 + At1 + Bt12) Where; A = 0.3974973 x 10-2 B = -0.58973 x 10-6 t' is obtained in equation (2) t' = t - 0.045 ( t' ) ( t' - 1) ( t' - 1) ( t' - 1) 100 100 419.58 630.74 For -200C to 0C range, Rt = Ro =7 ai ti i=0
i
(1)
(2)
(3)
Where; a0 = 0 a1 = 3.971686 x 10-3 a2 = -1.157433 x 10-6 a3 = -2.051844 x 10-8 a4 = -3.629438 x 10-10 a5 = -3.157615 x 10-12 a6 = -1.369914 x 10-14 a7 = -2.303654 x 10-17 Notes: 1. R0 is 100, and Rt represents the resistance at tC. 2. The tolerance of calculation error in the equation (2) is less than 0.000019C. 3. The tolerance of calculation error in the equation (3) is less than 0.0035C.
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C 1602-1995
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C 1602-1995
40
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C 1602-1995
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47
C 1602-1995
48
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50
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APPENDIX TABLE B9
These equations are applied to Appendix Tables B1 to B8. E: Reference thermal e.m.f. t: Temperature (C)
Remarks: This table is applied to calculate Appendix table B1 type B thermocouple thermal e.m.f..
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Remarks: This table is applied to calculate Appendix table B2 type R thermocouple thermal e.m.f..
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C 1602-1995
Remarks: This table is applied to calculate Appendix table B3 type S thermocouple thermal e.m.f..
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Remarks: This table is applied to calculate Appendix table B4 type N thermocouple thermal e.m.f..
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C 1602-1995
Remarks: This table is applied to calculate Appendix table B5 type K thermocouple thermal e.m.f..
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Remarks: This table is applied to calculate Appendix table B6 type E thermocouple thermal e.m.f..
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C 1602-1995
Remarks: This table is applied to calculate Appendix table B7 type J thermocouple thermal e.m.f..
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Remarks: This table is applied to calculate Appendix table B8 type T thermocouple thermal e.m.f..
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68
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70
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72
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74
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76
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78
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80
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82
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84
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86
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90
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INTERPOLATION EQUATION OF REFERENCE THERMAL E.M.F. of JIS'81 (JIS C1602-1981, abolished after July 1995)
These equations are applied to Appendix Table B10 to 16. E: Reference thermal e.m.f t: Temperature (C)
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APPENDIX TABLE B18-1 Cu-CuNi THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE (DIN 43710 TYPE U)
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APPENDIX TABLE B18-2 Cu-CuNi THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE (DIN 43710 TYPE U)
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APPENDIX TABLE B19-1 Fe-CuNi THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE (DIN 43710 TYPE L)
98
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APPENDIX TABLE B19-2 Fe-CuNi THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE (DIN 43710 TYPE L)
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99
APPENDIX TABLE B19-3 Fe-CuNi THERMOCOUPLE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE (DIN 43710 TYPE L)
100
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APPENDIX TABLE B20-1 W (W5Re/W26Re) THERMOCOUPLE REFERENCE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE (ASTM E988)
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APPENDIX TABLE B20-2 W (W5Re/W26Re) THERMOCOUPLE REFERENCE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE (ASTM E988)
102
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APPENDIX TABLE B20-3 W (W5Re/W26Re) THERMOCOUPLE REFERENCE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE (ASTM E988)
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APPENDIX TABLE B20-4 W (W5Re/W26Re) THERMOCOUPLE REFERENCE THERMAL E.M.F. TABLE (ASTM E988)
104
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TABLE OF THERMOCOUPLE REFERENCE THERMAL E.M.F. PRACTICED IN TABLES OTHER THAN THOSE DEFINED IN JIS.
106
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