MOKAEROSPACE

COMMERCIAL LUNAR FLIGHT

Oceanus
Procellarum

Apollo 12
Pete Conrad
Surveyor 3

November 1969

The adventure continues

STAGE THREE

Cost Factors
Performance
455 sec Isp Development
4,459.91 m/s Ve (exhaust velocity) $4,687.50 per kg structure
5,333.33 m/s Vf (stage velocity (ideal))
Development Budget
Mass Budget
300 kg payload (2 astronauts) $7.50 million Payload
200 kg stage 3 structure $4.93 million Stages
980 kg oxygen
160 kg hydrogen Production Budget

1,640 kg total stage 3 $3.00 million Payload

$0.99 million Stages

STAGE TWO

Development Budget
Performance $27.04 million
455 sec Isp
4,459.91 m/s Ve (exhaust velocity)
5,333.33 m/s Vf (stage velocity (ideal)) Production Budget
$5.41 million
Mass Budget
1,080 kg structure (stage 2)
5,390 kg oxygen
900 kg hydrogen
 STAGE THREE

MOKAEROSPACE
COMMERCIAL LUNAR FLIGHT

STAGE ONE

Performance Development Budget

455 sec Isp $148.19 million
4,459.91 m/s Ve (exhaust velocity)
5,333.33 m/s Vf (stage velocity (ideal)) Production Budget
$ 29.64 million
Mass Budget
5,930 kg structure
29,530 kg oxygen
4,920 kg hydrogen

TOTALS

Three Test Articles Development Budget

Five Launch Vehicles $187.66 million

Production Budget
Preliminary figures based on $39.03 million
Karen Willcox MIT
Aerospace Computational Design Laboratory
16.885 Aircraft Systems Engineering Notes PROJECT TOTAL
$343.78 million

Five tickets
Eighty-Five Million Dollars Each

$425.00 million total reserve
MOKAEROSPACE
COMMERCIAL LUNAR FLIGHT

Delta Vee Requirement

STAGE 3
10.62 km/sec - direct ascent from Earth
2.37 km/sec - direct descent to lunar surface
2.37 km/sec - direct ascent from lunar surface
0.64 km/sec - air & gravity drag losses

16.00 km/sec - total delta vee requirement

Staging Requirement

Three Stages
STAGE 2
Delta Vee Requirement
5.334 km/sec
u = 1 - 1/exp(Vf/Ve)
Exhaust Velocity
4,459.91 m/sec

Propellant Fraction
0.697595

Structural Fraction
0.121842

Payload Fraction
0.180563

Growth Factor STAGE 1

5.538223 - 1 stage
30.672027 - 2 stage
169.868838 - 3 stage
MOKAEROSPACE
COMMERCIAL LUNAR FLIGHT

Delta Vee Requirement

10.62 km/sec - direct ascent from Earth

2.37 km/sec - direct descent to lunar surface
2.37 km/sec - direct ascent from lunar surface
0.64 km/sec - air & gravity drag losses

16.00 km/sec - total delta vee requirement

Vehicle Layout

Passenger
Operator
Lunar Lander Capsule
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Upper Stage Hydrogen

Oxygen

Booster Hydrogen
Oxygen

Mass Table

Totals LOX LH2 Structure

Payload 300.0 - - -

Lunar Lander 1,661.470 965.861 193.172 202.438

Upper Stage 9,201.608 5,349.164 1,069.833 1,121.147

Booster 50,960.651 29,624.915 5,924.983 6,209.173

MOKAEROSPACE
COMMERCIAL LUNAR FLIGHT

Minimum Payload (150 kg per person)

Gemini spacecraft stayed on orbit up to 14 days their G3C,
G4C and G5C suits were worn throughout the flights. A moon
Mechanical Pressure Air Inflated
mission takes only 10 days. Four days out along a minimum
energy orbit, four days back, and two days on the moon.

This mission seeks to reduce costs to an absolute minimum by

incorporating high performance propellants, minimum energy
orbits, and achieving the lowest mass per passenger ever.
These features, along with massive use of MEMS rocketry and
life-support achieves our goal of commercial spaceflight to the
moon at a cost some are willing to pay.

To this end, we will develop a mechanical counter pressure

suit, using MEMS technologies for life support. MEMS allows
us to achieve low cost, high reliability, high redundancy and
low mass.

In addition, Mok uses gases that are normally vented from the
lunar stage to provide essential life support elements

Consumables

0.77 kg/day food

3.59 kg/day oxygen 30 kg 150 kg
0.60 kg/day hydrogen

4.96 kg/day total
49.60 kg - 10 day mission Biosuit 25 kg
323 grams of hydrogen each day is combined in a MEMS fuel
cell array with 2,587 grams of oxygen each day to produce
2.91 liters of water per day. In the process a fuel cell produces
428 Watts of electricity and 113 watts of waste heat Another
1,000 grams of oxygen per day is consumed by the astronaut.

There is an extra 275 grams of hydrogen each day. This

absorbs CO2 and produces H2O and CH4.

The 1,000 grams of oxygen forms 1,375 grams of CO2 which

is absorbed by the hydrogen using the Sabatier reaction. Up to
1,585 grams of CO2 can be absorbed making upto 550 grams
of methane and another 1,035 grams of water. Excess water
and methane is evaporated to cool the system.

Totals

49.60 kg - consumables
25.00 kg - biosuit
6.40 kg - toiletries
69.00 kg - astronaut

150.00 kg - per astronaut

300.00 kg - total payload (2 crew)
MOKAEROSPACE
COMMERCIAL LUNAR FLIGHT

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems

Range of
MEMS

Robotic
Hands
MOKAEROSPACE
COMMERCIAL LUNAR FLIGHT

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Rockets & Systems

The same techniques used to fabricate complex

Gyroscope electronic circuits on a very small scale are used to
produce machinery on a very small scale. The
sophistication of machines being produced on the
micro-scale increases every day. These processes
are easily adapted to equipment useful in building
spacecraft. Shown here are just a few of the items
that are directly applicable to producing
extraordinarily low cost aerospace systems. These
Dual Axis include, 3-axis gyros, dual axis accelerometers,
Accelerometer and obviously, rocket engines. Shown are several
types. A single 1 mm nozzle engine, a multiple
engine array, and zero height aerospike engines.

Since the cost of IC real estate is about $0.14 per

square cm and 3.5 kgf is produced per square cm
cost of lift drop to $0.04 per kgf
Rocket
Motor Arrays of engines along with controls,
pumps and piping are formed onto
tiny blocks. These blocks are then
mounted onto a surface to form what I
call a ‘propulsive skin’ Three engines
each oriented perpendicular to the
other with the resultant normal to the
skin surface creates an effect that
allows computers to paint force
vectors across surfaces as easily as
Mini Aerospike color displays make pictures
Engines
Thrust to weight ratio of very tiny engines
increases dramatically. Thrust to weight of 1,000
to one have been demonstrated while maintaining
extraordinarily high efficiencies.