Name:_____Chau Vu___________ Period: ____1____________ Date: __1/17/14___________ Environmental Science Study Guide Human Population and Demographics-Guided Viewing

Worksheet Vocabulary Understand and be able to apply each of these terms. 1. Demographics- The study of human populations. Includes statistics about people such as births, deaths, gender, race, and economic status. 2. How much did the human population grow in the 20th century? -> The human population is triple in the 20th century. 3. Exponential Growth When the population and growth rate both increase. 4. Linear Growth- when only the population rate increases. The growth rate is steady. 5. Doubling Time Estimation of how long for a population to double in size. Doubling Time = 70 / annual % growth 6. Developing Countries poor, young, and rapidly growing. India, China, Bolivia (S. America), Congo (Africa) 7. Developed Countries wealthy, old, and mostly shrinking. United States, Japan, France 8. Fertility Rate- Number of births per 1000 women per year. 9. Total Fertility Rate Average number of children a woman has in her lifetime. 10. Replacement Level when you have 2.1 children per couple.

11. Emigration Move out of an area 12. Immigration Move into an area 13. Life Expectancy Average age a newborn can expect to attain in any given society. 14. Pronatalist Forces Factors that increase the desire for children. (Source of pleasure, pride, comfort. Source of support for elderly parents. Current source of family income. Social Status. Boys frequently valued more than girls.) 15. Antinatalist Forces Most antinatalist forces involve women. Women are less likely to have children when they have: Higher education and personal freedom, more opportunities to earn a salary, and higher socioeconomic status. Critical Thinking Be able to read, analyze, and give complete answers to questions like these. 1. Fill out this summary chart showing the demographic divide between developed and developing countries: Example Country Developed U.S. 36.8 Average Age Gross Domestic Product 15.68 trillion USD Population Growth Rate 1.3% a year Population Pyramid Shape More young people than old people Developing China 35 years 8.227 trillion USD 0.47% More adult than old and young people

2. The majority of the worlds population is found in ( developed / developing ) countries. -> Developing countries. 3. What are the two factors that most affect life expectancy? -> The two factors that most affect life expectancy are mortality rates and poverty. 4. Label each of these as example of antinatalist or pronatalist factors. __P___ The son preference __A___ Increased education levels of family. __A___ Women having access to professional careers. __P___ Family lives in a developing country. 5. Fill out this summary table of the differences between the stages of the population transition model. Description of Living Conditions Preindustrial Food shortages, malnutrition, lack of sanitation and medicine. Early Transitional Hygiene, nutrition, and education High Low Population increases very quickly Birth Rates (High / Low) High Death Rates (High / Low) High Birth rates tend to match death rates Population Change

improve. Late Transitional Birth rates begin to fall Low Low Population may have increased from 2x to 4x by this point Industrial Transition is complete. PostIndustrial Material abundance, high quality of life. Low High Low Low Population is in equilibrium. Declines

6. What is an age structure diagram (population pyramid)? Draw a pyramid representing each of the 3 stages (Rapid growth, Stable, Declining). -> Distribution of ages in a population at a specific time. Graphed as a population pyramid. More young people in a population usually means higher growth rates.

7. What is the projection of the future human population? Why is it not clear? -> Most demographers believe the world population will stabilize sometime during the next century. Projections of maximum population size: Low 8 billion Medium 9.3 billion High 13 billion