ART EDUCATION

SCULPTURE & 3D ASSEMBLAGE

Sculpture is an artwork made by the manipulation of materials resulting in a three-dimensional object.

HISTORY OF SCULPTURE
For thousands of years, sculpture has filled many roles in human life. The earliest sculpture was probably made to supply magical help to hunters.

Prehistoric Sculpture People carved before they painted or design dwellings. The earliest drawings were probably carved in rock or incised (scratched) in earth. Egyptian Sculpture Art and Sculpture was based on the belief in a life after death. For example, the human head of pharaoh Khafre is added to the crouching figure of a lion to form the Great Sphinx. Mesopotamian Sculpture The earliest sculpture in this region were formed of light materials: baked and unbaked clay, wood or combinations of wood, shells and gold leaf. Figures formed are cone-shaped, with flaring skirts, small heads, huge beaklike nose, and large staring eyes. Aegean Civilization Ivory and terra-cotta; small statuettes of snake goddesses; and cups with scenes depicting the life in the fields give lively suggesions of Minoans in action. Greek Sculpture The Greek belief that man is the measure of all things is nowhere more clearly shown than in Greek Sculpture. The human figure was the principal subject of all Greek Art. Etruscan and Roman Sculpture Many bronze figures of farmers, warriors, or gods show the great talents of the Etruscans as metalworkers and sculptors. Early Christian Sculpture Sculpture used the fragile and lovely medium of ivory in many ways. They carved it in relief for small altars or as covers for the Gospels, the Bible, or prayerbooks. Freestanding figures include Madonna and the Christ Child, angels and Christian Saints. Romanesque Sculpture Sculptors, architects, masons, carpenters, and hudreds of other craftsmen created some of the most impressive Christian churches ever built. Gothic Sculpture Human figures shown in natural proportions were carved in high relief on church columns and portals. Renaissance Sculpture The most significant change in art that occurred in the Renaissance was the new emphasis on glorifying the human figure. Sculpted figures began to look more lifelike. Baroque Sculpture The use human figure as form of expression. Rococo Sculpture The term rococo suggests the preference for gayer, lighter and more decorative effects in sculpture and in all the arts. Neoclassic and Romantic Sculpture They wanted their works of art to say something, to express and idea or feeling. 20th Century Sculpture Was an age of experimentation with new ideas, new styles, and new materials such as plastic, chromium, and welded steels.

TYPES OF SCULPTURE
Subtractive Subtractive sculpture is the oldest form of sculpture and involves removing material, as in wood carving or stone scupture, to create a finished work. Additive Additive Sculpture is the process of creating sculpture by adding material to create the work. Freestanding or self supported, these sculpture can walk completely around the work to see all sides of it. Relief The primary forms surface is raised above the surrounding metal. There are two kinds of relief: o Bas-relief refers to a shallow extension of the image from its surroundings.

High relief where the most prominent elements of the composition are undercut and rendered at more than half in the round against the background.

SCULPTURE METHODS Carving uses the subractive process to cut away areas from a larger mass,and is the oldest method used for three dimensional work. Traditionally stone and wood were the most common materials because they were readily available and extremely durable. Contemporary materials include foam, plastics and glass. Using chisels and other sharp tools, artists carve away material until the ultimate form of the work is achieved. Casting The additive method of casting has been in use for over five thousand years. Its a manufacturing process by which a liquid material is usually poured into a mold, which contains a hollow cavity of the desired shape, and then allows to solidify. Modeling is a method that can be both additive and subtractive. The artist uses altered objects to build form with clay, plaster, or other soft material that can be pushed, pulled, pinched or poured into place. The material then hardens into the finished work. Construction or Assemblage uses found, manufactured or altered objects to build form. Artitsts weld, glue, bolt and wire individual pieces together. Installation Art utilizes multiple objects, often from various mediums, and takes up entire spaces.

ARTISTS/SCULPTOR/S AND THEIR FAMOUS 3D ASSEMBLAGE

Jun Yee a Filipino artist whose assemblage are installation of nature objects. He believed that nature is the most profound subject. Lirio Salvador a Native of the Philippines who created a number of experimental instruments based on his concept of ethno-industrial music. He creates his assemblage of musical instruments using day to day materials that are found in his present environment, including bicycle gears, drain cleaning springs and stainless steel tubes. His assemblage includes Sandata ng Lolo ni Tatay, Sandat 3RB, and Planet Stainless Paz Ching Abad Santos a Filipino artist who works with textiles and objects found in nature. She is engaged in the deliberate unearthing of roots of the Philippine art, in discovering the forms of racial unconscious. The materials that she use includes: sack, cloth, seeds, shells, buttons and pins. Ral Arrogante a Filipino self-taught artist who is known for his scrap metal wind-driven sculpture depicting ecological subjects. He believes in the value of recycled brass as an ecological and yet long lasting artistic statement on the need to conserve the resources. Pablo Picasso a Spanish artist and sculptor who is known for his abstractions and unique assemblage inspired by his emotions during the World War II. His first assemblage is a bronze sculpture of a pitted, scabrous skull name Deaths Hand. Later on he made use of bicycle parts on hsi other sculptures which simplicity draw attention to them, called Bulls Head and Bicycle Wheel

IN THE PHILIPPINE SETTING

Sculpture is one of the oldest forms of art in the Philippines. Most common material used is wood and stone. Paete, Laguna and Angono, Rizal are the two most famous areas in the Philippines who are home to the sculptors and artists from the late generation to the new generation.