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IUkISDIC1ICN CI CCUk1S

I. IUkISDIC1ICN
!urlsdlcLlon ls deflned as Lhe auLhorlLy Lo hear and Lry a
parLlcular offense and lmpose Lhe punlshmenL for lL.
o !urlsdlcLlon breaLhes llfe Lo Lhe power of a courL Lo
hear and Lry cases

A. Venue |s Iur|sd|ct|ona|
1haL venue ls !urlsdlcLlonal slmply means LhaL Lhe place where
Lhe crlme was commlLLed deLermlnes noL only Lhe venue of Lhe
acLlon buL ls an essenLlal elemenL of [urlsdlcLlon.
o ln slmple words, where Lhe crlme was commlLLed ls Lhe
place where you could lnsLlLuLe Lhe acLlon.
Law confers [urlsdlcLlon and dlcLaLes Lhe parameLers, whlch Lhe
CourL can acL ln.
1he CourL needs Lo depend on allegaLlons wlLhln Lhe complalnL
Lo deLermlne where Lhe crlme was commlLLed and
subsequenLly, Lhe [urlsdlcLlon.
o lL does noL mean LhaL Lhe allegaLlons ln Lhe complalnL
or lnformaLlon confers [urlsdlcLlon - because lL ls only
Lhe LAW LhaL confers [urlsdlcLlon.
o 1haL ls why lf you wlll read an lnformaLlon lL says LhaL
Lhe crlme was commlLLed wlLhln Lhe [urlsdlcLlon of Lhe
clLy of manlla - ln order Lo show LhaL Lhe venue ls ln
Lhe place where Lhe acLlon was lnsLlLuLed.
!urlsdlcLlon cannoL be walved by any of Lhe parLles, because of
Lhe concepL of LerrlLorlallLy.
o Lxample 1: 8ape Case
! lacLs: Cn Lhe way Lo 1agayLay from MakaLl,
Lhere was carnal knowledge, and Lhe rape was
commlLLed along Lhe expressway by Suzanna
PelghLs exlL (MunLlnlupa). 1hen Lhe rape was
agalnsL commlLLed ln 1agayLay when Lhey
sLayed overnlghL.
! lssue: Where can Lhe acLlon be lnsLlLuLed?
! Peld: 1he flrsL rape ln MunLlnlupa, and Lhe
second ln 1agayLay.
o Lxample 2: vlolaLlon of 8.. 22 (lslp v. eople)
! lacLs: Check was drawn ln MakaLl, and Lhe
check bounced ln Caloocan.
! lssue: Where can acLlon be lnsLlLuLed?
! Peld: LlLher MakaLl or Caloocan.
ConLlnulng Cffense
o Lxample 1: 8ebelllon " places where Lhe rebels sLayed
can be venues for lnsLlLuLlon of crlmlnal acLlon.
o Lxample 2: LsLafa " MlsrepresenLaLlons made ln
MakaLl, money recelved ln Caloocan. LlLher can be a
venue of lnsLlLuLlon of acLlon.
LxcepLlon: 1he orderly admlnlsLraLlon of [usLlce (Lrlal and
hearlng only).
o So why Lhen ls Lhe Magulndanao case (AmpaLuan)
belng Lrled here ln Manlla?
! Cnly Lhe venue of Lhe Lrlal can be Lransferred
(sub[ecL Lo Lhe Lrlal of Lhe SC) once Lhe acLlon ls
lnsLlLuLed ln Lhe place where Lhe crlme was
commlLLed or any of Lhe essenLlal elemenLs
Lhereof.
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8. 1ypes of Iur|sd|ct|on
C8lClnAL !u8lSulC1lCn " deLermlned by law whlch dlcLaLes
whlch case can be lnlLlaLed ln a parLlcular courL.
LxCLuSlvL !u8lSulC1lCn " deLermlned by law whlch dlcLaLes
whlch courL can CnL? hear Lhe case.
CCnCu88Ln1 !u8lSulC1lCn " you don'L have concurrenL
[urlsdlcLlon ln crlmlnal cases.
o ConcurrenL !urlsdlcLlon applles durlng lnvesLlgaLlon,
buL noL ln Lrlal. (ueparLmenL of !usLlce v. Llwag)
o ConcurrenL !urlsdlcLlon applles Lo speclal clvll acLlons
(e.g. wrlLs), buL Lhere musL be a deLermlnaLlon of
hlerarchy of courLs.
SLClAL !u8lSulC1lCn " Conferred by law
o Lxample 1: All crlmlnal cases or offenses arlslng from
vlolaLlon of sald law, 8.A. no. 6637 shall be lnsLlLuLed
where? ln Lhe reglonal Lrlal courL acLlng as a speclal
agrarlan courL.
o Lxample 2: lnLellecLual CourL (81C), urugs CourLs (81C),
lamlly CourL, Speclal Agrarlan CourL, 81C can declde on
cases of 8all ln Lhe absence of Lhe M1C !udge.

II. k.A. No. 7691, as amended by 8.. 129
A. Impr|sonment ena|ty
Lxceeds 6 years " lL wlll be wlLh Lhe 8eglonal 1rlal CourL,
regardless of flne or accessory penalLy.
noL exceedlng 6 years " regardless of flne or accessory
penalLy, lL wlll be Lhe munlclpal Lrlal courL, munlclpal clrculL
Lrlal or meLropollLan Lrlal courL.
lor purposes of deLermlnlng !urlsdlcLlon of CourLs, you don'L
need Lo dlsLlngulsh where Lhe crlme was commlLLed. 8uL for
purposes of deLermlnlng where Lhe acLlon should be lnsLlLuLed,
lL ls lmporLanL Lo deLermlne where Lhe crlme was commlLLed.

8. C|rcu|ar 09-94: If the pena|ty |s pure|y a I|ne (glvlng guldellnes wlLh
regard Lo Lhe lnLerpreLaLlon of 8.A. no. 7691)
Lxceedlng 4000 " 1he 8eglonal 1rlal CourL has [urlsdlcLlon.
noL exceedlng 4000 " 1he munlclpal Lrlal courL, munlclpal
clrculL Lrlal courL, and meLropollLan Lrlal courL. Agaln Lhere ls no
dlsLlncLlon as Lo manlla, ouLslde of MeLro Manlla.

III. now Iur|sd|ct|on |s Acqu|red Cver the erson of the Accused
1. 8y ArresL
a. When a person ls arresLed, Lhe wheels of [usLlce wlll
have Lo move l.e. Lhere wlll evenLually be an
arralgnmenL.
b. 1he purpose of Lhe arresL ls Lo brlng you Lo Lhe process
ln CourL.
2. 8y volunLary Surrender
a. ?ou are wllllngly submlLLlng Lo Lhe [urlsdlcLlon of Lhe
CourL.
b. Mere flllng of ball does noL amounL Lo volunLary
surrender. 8u1 flllng of any oLher moLlon or documenL
amounLs Lo volunLary submlsslon Lo courL [urlsdlcLlon.
Lxcept|ons: When Lhe accused lnvokes speclal
[urlsdlcLlon of Lhe courL concernlng hls person.
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l. Clvll Case " MoLlon Lo dlsmlss on Lhe ground
of lack of [urlsdlcLlon over Lhe person of Lhe
defendanL.
ll. Crlmlnal Case " (1) MoLlon Lo quash Lhe
complalnL for lack of [urlsdlcLlon over Lhe
accused, and (2) MoLlon Lo quash a warranL of
arresL.
noL by ArralgnmenL
o 1hls ls necessary only for Lrlal ln absenLla Lo proceed.
ln conLrasL Lo [urlsdlcLlon over sub[ecL maLLer, fallure of a
person Lo quesLlon Lhe [urlsdlcLlon of a CourL over hls person ls
walved Lhe momenL he ralses oLher quesLlons.

IV. IUkISDIC1ICN CI 1nL SANDIGAN8AAN
A. When does the Sand|ganbayan have [ur|sd|ct|on over an offense?
1. k.A. No. 8249 prescrlbes LhaL Lhe Sandlganbayan has
[urlsdlcLlon lf Lhe offender ls publlc offlcer wlLh aL leasL Salary
Crade 27 Anu Lhe acL was commlLLed ln relaLlon Lo Lhe offlce.
a. 1he crlmes are noL llmlLed Lo k.A. No. 3019 or k.A. No.
1379.
b. !"#$%& ())%&*+ " 1he rlghL Lo hold a publlc offlce under
our pollLlcal sysLem ls noL a naLural rlghL as lL exlsLs
solely by vlrLue of a law, of some law, expressly or
lmplledly conferrlng lL.
c. As long as one ls salary grade 27, regardless of wheLher
he ls a prlnclpal, accompllce or accessory, Lhe whole
group lnvolved ln Lhe crlme wlll be Lrled under Lhe
Sandlganbayan even lf Lhe oLher consplraLors are noL
under salary grade 27 (.D. No. 1606 as amended by
.D. No. 1861)
d. CompensaLlon ls noL an essenLlal elemenL of publlc
offlce, aL mosL, lL ls merely lncldenL Lo Lhe publlc offlce.
2. Any crlme commlLLed ln relaLlon Lo offlce.
a. SLandard " As long as Lhe offense charged ln Lhe
lnformaLlon ls lnLlmaLely connecLed wlLh Lhe offlce and
ls alleged Lo have been perpeLraLed whlle Lhe accused
was ln Lhe performance Lhough lmproper or lrregular of
hls offlclal funcLlons Lhere belng no personal moLlve Lo
commlL Lhe crlme and had Lhe accused noL have
commlLLed lL had he noL held Lhe aforesald offlce.
b. A crlme ls commlLLed ln relaLlon Lo offlce lf wlLhouL Lhe
offlce Lhe crlme would noL have been commlLLed.
3. Who are by express provlslon under [urlsdlcLlon of Lhe
Sandlganbayan.
a. .D. No. 1606 as amended by L.C. No. 184, wh|ch has
been changed by k.A. No. 8249, Sect|on 4(g) "
!urlsdlcLlon over presldenLs, dlrecLors or LrusLees, or
managers of CCCCs, sLaLe unlverslLles or educaLlon
lnsLlLuLlons or foundaLlons. All Lhose llsLed ln Lhls law -
regardless of Lhelr salary grade - fall wlLhln Lhe
excluslve orlglnal [urlsdlcLlon of Lhe Sandlganbayan.
b. Munlclpal Mayor ls lncluded under Lhe [urlsdlcLlon of
Lhe S8 by vlrLue of [urlsprudence (8lnay v. S8).

8. Appe||ate Iur|sd|ct|on of the S8
1he Sandlganbayan can revlew declslons of Lhe
o 81C " especlally for publlc offlcers who do noL fall
wlLhln Lhe S8 [urlsdlcLlon.
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o M1C " ls revlewable by 81C, who ln Lurn ls revlewable
by S8.
1he Sandlganbayan cannoL revlew peLlLlons by Lhe CA because
Lhey are co-equal courLs.
S8 and CA declslons are revlewable by Lhe SC so long as Lhey
are purely quesLlons of law (ku|e 4S, ku|es of Court). CLherwlse
(quesLlons of facL), are noL enLerLalned.

V. IUkISDIC1ICN CI 1nL kLGICNAL 1kIAL CCUk1
All crlmes punlshable by more Lhan 6 years or by a flne over
4,000.
ursuanL Lo C|rcu|ar 39-97, only 2
nd
-Level CourLs have Lhe
power Lo lssue Pold ueparLure Crders.

VI. Appe||ate Iur|sd|ct|on
A declslon of Lhe CourL of 1ax Appeals can be revlewed by lLs en
banc, Lhen by a peLlLloner for revlew on cerLlorarl Lo Lhe
Supreme CourL.
A declslon of Lhe CourL of Appeals can be revlewed only vla a
peLlLlon for cerLlorarl ln Lhe Supreme CourL.
o 1he CourL of Appeals do noL render declslons en banc
Ceneral 8ule: A 2
nd
MoLlon for 8econslderaLlon ls noL allowed.
o LxcepLlon: lor ordlnarlly persuaslve reasons and CnL?
Al1L8 an Lx8LSS leave shall have flrsL been obLalned.

VIII. IUkISDIC1ICN CI 1nL CM8UDSMAN
A. owers of the Cmbudsman
1he power of Lhe C8, lL was granLed more Lhan Lhe usual
powers glven Lo Lhe prosecuLors.
o Cenerally, Lhe Cmbudsman performs funcLlons close Lo
LhaL of a publlc prosecuLor such as: conducLlng
lnvesLlgaLlon or conducLlng prellmlnary lnvesLlgaLlon.
o lL was vesLed wlLh power Lo lnvesLlgaLe complalnLs
agalnsL publlc offlce, or publlc offlcer on lLs own
lnlLlaLlve, even ln Lhe absence of a formal complalnL. ln
conLrasL, publlc prosecuLors cannoL lnlLlaLe prellmlnary
lnvesLlgaLlons absenL any complalnL.
! Lven complalnLs wrlLLen ln scraLch paper can
be Lhe basls for an lnvesLlgaLlon.
! lnvesLlgaLlons may be based on reporLs ln Lhe
medla concernlng acLs of governmenL agencles
and publlc servanLs.
1he Cfflce of Lhe Cmbudsman ls noL a CourL, buL merely an
lnvesLlgaLlve body.
1he Cmbudsman may dlsmlss a complalnL ouLrlghL for wanL of
palpable merlL.

8. Scope of the Cmbudsman
All LhaL ls requlred for Lhe C8 Lo have [urlsdlcLlon ls a
mlsfeasance or malfeasance of a publlc offlcer.
o DCI v. L|wag " Lhe Cmbudsman has prlmary
[urlsdlcLlon over cases cognlzable by Lhe Sandlganbayan
and auLhorlzes hlm Lo Lakeover aL An? S1ACL from
An? lnvesLlgaLory agency Lhe lnvesLlgaLlon of such
cases. 1he Cmbudsman ls whaL you call 8lMA8?
[urlsdlcLlon for cases falllng wlLhln Lhe [urlsdlcLlon of
Lhe Sandlganbayan.
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o Lazat|n v. Des|erto " Lhe Cfflce of Lhe Speclal
rosecuLor, formerly Lhe 1anodbayan, ls merely a
componenL of Lhe Cfflce of Lhe Cmbudsman. lL may
only acL under Lhe supervlslon and conLrol and upon
auLhorlLy of Lhe Cmbudsman. lL cannoL supersede, lL
cannoL superlmpose whaL lL wanLs. lL works under Lhe
Cfflce of Lhe Cmbudsman, lL ls subordlnaLe Lo Lhe
Cmbudsman
o erez v. Sand|ganbayan " Lhe power Lo prosecuLe
carrles wlLh lL Lhe power Lo auLhorlze Lhe of flllng
lnformaLlons whlch power had noL been delegaLed Lo
Lhe Cfflce of Speclal rosecuLor.
Sect|on 1S of k.A. No. 6770 glves Lhe Cmbudsman prlmary
[urlsdlcLlon over cases cognlzable by Lhe Sandlganbayan. 1he
granL of Lhls auLhorlLy does noL necessarlly lmply Lhe excluslon
from lLs [urlsdlcLlon of cases lnvolvlng publlc offlcers,
employees cognlzable by oLher courLs.

C. Appea||ng dec|s|ons of the Cmbudsman
Pow do you revlew Lhe acLlons of Lhe CM8?
o lf on admlnlsLraLlvr cases, go Lo Lhe CA under 8ule 43
(C!A's)
o lf crlmlnal cases and Lhere ls grave abuse of
dlscreLlon amounLlng Lo lack or excess of [urlsdlcLlon,
go Lo Lhe SC under 8ule 63. (AnLonlno v
CM8,2008)
Whlch declslons of Lhe CM8 ln admln cases are noL
appealable?
o ubllc censure or reprlmand
o Suspenslon of noL more Lhan 1 monLh
o llne of noL more Lhan 1 monLh salary
lnsLances when Lhe declslon of Lhe Cmbudsman may be
appealed:
o When necessary Lo afford adequaLe proLecLlon Lo Lhe
consLlLuLlonal rlghL of Lhe accused,
o When Lhe necessary for Lhe orderly admlnlsLraLlon of
[usLlce or Lo avold oppresslon or mulLlpllclLy of acLlons,
o When Lhere ls a pre[udlclal quesLlon LhaL ls sub[udlce,
o When Lhe acLs of Lhe offlcer are w/o or ln excess of
auLhorlLy,
o 1he prosecuLlon ls under an lnvalld law ordlnance or
regulaLlon,
o When double [eopardy ls clearly apparenL,
o When Lhe courL has no [urlsdlcLlon over Lhe offense,
o Where lL ls a case of persecuLlon raLher Lhan
prosecuLlon.
o When Lhe charges are manlfesLly false 3900 and
moLlvaLed by vengeance, and
o llnally when Lhere ls clearly no prlma facle case agalnsL
Lhe accused.

Ik. IUkISDIC1ICN CI 1nL DLAk1MLN1 CI IUS1ICL
unza|an v. De|a ena " 1he SecreLary of !usLlce LhaL
exerclses power of ul8LC1 CCn18CL Anu SuL8vlSlCn over
Lhe declslons or resoluLlons of Lhe prosecuLor.
o A publlc prosecuLor, by Lhe naLure of hls offlce, lS
unuL8 nC CCMuLSlCn Lo flle an lnformaLlon, where
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Lhere ls no clear [usLlflcaLlon LhaL Lhere ls a case or
Lhere ls a crlme LhaL was commlLLed.
o 1he uC! has power Lo approve, revlse or modlfy acLs
and declslon of subordlnaLe offlclals or unlLs

k. Who represents the State
ln Lhe 81C and M1C " ubllc rosecuLor
ln Lhe CA and SC " SollclLor Ceneral

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