Epithelial

Simple (1 layer) >not mainly for protection

Squamous

Cuboidal

Description Tightly packed Flat, Hexagonal, floor tile arrangement Disk-shaped central nucleus Tightly packed Short, Cube-like Tall, rectangular cells with elongated nuclei

Location Air sacs, lungs, lymphatic and blood vessels, glomeruli lining of heart Kidney tubules, ducts and small glands, surface of ovary Linings of digestive tract, gall bladder and excretory ducts of some glands * Villi & Microvilli Goblet Cell

Function Diffusion Filtration Secretion Absorption *Blood Passage Absorption Enzyme Secretion -Increase surface area -Secretes mucus for lubrication and protection from enzymes Protect underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion Propels mucus of reproductive cells by ciliary action Wraps and cushions organs

Specimen
Cheek Cell Frog Kidney Frog Intestine

Columnar

Stratified (>2 layers) >for protection Pseudostratifed Connective Connective Tissue Proper

Squamous >topmost cell Columnar Loose/Areolar

consists of many layers of cells

Dense

Regular Irregular

A tuft of cilia tops each columnar cell except for goblet cells Consists of several fibroblasts that produce collagenous and elastic fibers Gel-like ground with both elastic and non-elastic running in many directions Densely packed nuclei and collagen fibers(nonelastic) that run in the same direction (parallel) Densely packed collagen fibers that run in various direction

Keratinized (skin) Non-keratinized (lining of esophagus. Mouth and vagina) Line of the bronchi, uterine tubes, some regions of the uterus Widely distributed at the epithelia of the human body

Frog skin

Trachea Areolar Connectiv e Tissue Tendon l.s. Frog Skin Reticular Tissue Fat Cell

Dermis of the skin Submucosa of the digestive tract Fibrous capsules of organs and joints Tendon and Ligaments

Provide structural strength Provide structural strength Supports hemopoietic organs

Modified Loose
1

Reticular Adipose Large Vacuole Nucleus at edges Cells are in lacunae surrounded by a matrix w/ fine collagenous fibers Matrix contains fine collagenous and many elastic fibers Matrix contains large collagenous fibers Bone matrix(hard & mineralized) deposited in concentric layers around osteonic canals Cell Components: osteoblast, osteocytes, osteoclasts Ground Substance: Calcium Phosphate, chondroitin-sulfate and keratin-sulfate Fibers: Collagen (type 1) Biconcave(human) / Oval(frog) With cytoplasmic granules Without cytoplasmic granules Non-nucleated cytoplasmic remnants of former cell which clumps in blood smears Composed of non-striated, spindle-shaped cells / long and tapered / organized into sheets Contain a single nucleus Composed of striated, long and cylindrical muscle fibers(cells) / each cell = length of muscle Contain many peripheral nuclei Composed of striated cells / branched Contain a single nucleus and intercalated disks5 that allows ions to move quickly from cell to cell Subcutaneous layer Forms Embryonic Skeleton Cover ends of long bones Cartilage of nose, trachea and larynx External ear epiglottis Intervertebral disks, pubic symphysis, and knee-joint disks Bones

Specialized

Cartilage

Hyaline

(Chondocytes)

Cushions Storage for fats/adipose Support Reinforcement Maintain a structures shape and allowing great flexibility Absorbs compression shock Support, protect, provide lever system for muscles to act on Stores calcium and fat Form blood cells

Hyalin

Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage Bone -Blood and nerves running through Haversian Canal

Elastic Cartilage Fibrocarti lage Bone

Blood2

RBC WBC Blood platelets

Within blood vessels

Granulocytes3 Agranulocytes4

Transport oxygen, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones, minerals, vitamins and other substances Involuntary movement Moves substances and objects along internal passageways Voluntary movement Locomotion Involuntary As heart contracts, this tissue propel blood into circulation

Human and Frog blood

Muscular

Smooth

Mostly in walls of hollow organs

Smooth

Skeletal

Skeletal muscles attached to bones

Striated/ skeletal Cardiac

Cardiac

Walls of the heart

Nervous6

Smear

Cell Body Nucleus Axon Dendrite Glial Cells Neurelimma Axis Cylinder

Contains the nucleus Spherical, darkly staining structure found inside the cell Unbranched fiber Branched fiber Membrane covering the fiber Central region of the nerve fiber between the neurelimma and the axis cylinder Thick sheath covering the fiber between the neurlimma and the axis cylinder Constrictions in the medullary sheath Membrane covering a bundle of fascicule or nerve fiber Membrane covering a fasciculus of nerve fiber Membrane covering a nerve fiber

Brain, Spinal chord and Nerves

Transmits electrical signals from sensory receptors to the spinal chord or brain, and from the spinal chord or brain to effectors (muscles and glands)

Cows Nerve Smear

Cross Section

Nerve Fiber l.s.

Medullary Sheath Nodes of Ranvier Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium

Longitudinal Section

Nerve Fiber c.s.

1. A chondrocyte secretes fiber and ground substance that makes up the cartilage mix (gum-like). The space in the matrix occupied by the chondrocyte is called lacunae. They differ in composition of the matrix. *Cells are found in Lacunae within the matrix. *Fibers may be elastic or non-elastic, or a form of non-elastic called reticular (where the non- elastic fibers of very thin) 2. Liquid matrix = plasma (90% water + 10% plasma proteins, electrolytes, hormones, oxygen, glucose) Formed elements = Erythrocytes -48billion(female) to 54 billion (male) cell / ml of blood in humans. Mammals are enucleated while rest of the vertebrates they have nuclei Leukocytes -about 7.5 million / ml of blood Platelets -blood clotting 3. Basophyll: >5 , Neutrophyll: 3-5 , Basinophyll: 2 4. Lymphocyte, Microcyte/Macrophage(tissue) phagocytic function 5. A cell junction 6. Cells specialized to polarize and depolarize